nightmaremail

commit af9625ddf9464e85fd781e8ad889201ce340d9fc
Author: D. J. Bernstein <djb@cr.yp.to>
Date:   Tue, 28 Oct 1997 00:00:00 +0100

qmail 1.01

Diffstat:
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BLURB
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43
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BLURB2
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26
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BLURB3
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90
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BLURB4
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44
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CHANGES
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1204
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FAQ
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574
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FILES
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401
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INSTALL
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181
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INSTALL.alias
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40
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INSTALL.boot
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16
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INSTALL.ctl
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29
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INSTALL.ids
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INSTALL.mbox
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112
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INSTALL.qsmhook
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53
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INTERNALS
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155
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Makefile
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2181
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README
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199
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RFCHCSC
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RFCLOOPS
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RFCMXPS
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RFCNETSTR
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RFCNRUDT
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89
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RFCQMTP
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RFCQSBMF
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155
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RFCVERP
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88
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SECURITY
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131
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SYSDEPS
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17
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TARGETS
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353
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THANKS
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217
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THOUGHTS
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437
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TODO
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9
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UPGRADE
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145
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VERSION
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1
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addresses.5
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260
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alloc.3
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62
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alloc.c
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32
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alloc.h
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8
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alloc_re.c
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17
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auto-gid.c
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auto-int.c
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40
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auto-int8.c
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40
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auto-str.c
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auto-uid.c
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51
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auto_break.h
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auto_patrn.h
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6
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auto_qmail.h
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6
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auto_spawn.h
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auto_split.h
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auto_uids.h
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auto_usera.h
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byte.h
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byte_chr.c
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byte_copy.c
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byte_cr.c
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byte_diff.c
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byte_rchr.c
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byte_zero.c
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case.3
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case.h
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case_diffb.c
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case_diffs.c
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case_lowerb.c
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case_lowers.c
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case_starts.c
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cdb.3
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cdb.h
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cdb_hash.c
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cdb_seek.c
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cdb_unpack.c
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cdbmake.h
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35
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cdbmake_add.c
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cdbmake_hash.c
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cdbmake_pack.c
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cdbmss.c
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cdbmss.h
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chkshsgr.c
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chkspawn.c
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coe.3
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coe.c
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coe.h
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condredirect.1
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condredirect.c
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conf-break
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conf-cc
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conf-groups
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conf-ld
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conf-patrn
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conf-qmail
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conf-spawn
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conf-split
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conf-users
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constmap.c
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constmap.h
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control.c
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control.h
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date822fmt.c
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date822fmt.h
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datemail.sh
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datetime.3
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datetime.c
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datetime.h
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datetime_un.c
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direntry.3
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direntry.h1
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direntry.h2
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8
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dns.c
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402
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dns.h
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14
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dnscname.c
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25
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dnsdoe.c
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dnsdoe.h
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dnsfq.c
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dnsip.c
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dnsmxip.c
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40
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dnsptr.c
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dot-qmail.9
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elq.sh
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env.3
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env.c
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env.h
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envelopes.5
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envread.c
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error.3
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error.c
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error.h
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error_str.3
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error_str.c
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276
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error_temp.3
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error_temp.c
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exit.h
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extra.h
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fd.h
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fd_copy.3
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fd_copy.c
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fd_move.3
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fd_move.c
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fifo.c
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fifo.h
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fifo_make.3
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find-systype.sh
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fmt.h
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fmt_str.c
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fmt_strn.c
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fmt_uint.c
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fmt_uint0.c
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fmt_ulong.c
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fmtqfn.c
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fmtqfn.h
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forgeries.7
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fork.h1
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fork.h2
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forward.1
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forward.c
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gen_alloc.h
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gen_allocdefs.h
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getln.3
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getln.c
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getln.h
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getln2.3
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getln2.c
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gfrom.c
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gfrom.h
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headerbody.c
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headerbody.h
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hfield.c
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hfield.h
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hostname.c
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install.c
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instcheck.c
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120
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ip.c
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53
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ip.h
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ipalloc.c
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ipalloc.h
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ipme.c
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ipme.h
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ipmeprint.c
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24
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lock.h
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lock_ex.c
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11
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lock_exnb.c
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lock_un.c
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maildir.5
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maildir.c
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maildir.h
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maildir2mbox.1
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maildir2mbox.c
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maildirmake.1
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maildirmake.c
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maildirwatch.1
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maildirwatch.c
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mailsubj.1
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mailsubj.sh
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make-compile.sh
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make-load.sh
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make-makelib.sh
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mbox.5
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myctime.c
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myctime.h
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ndelay.c
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ndelay.h
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ndelay_off.c
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newfield.c
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newfield.h
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now.3
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now.c
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now.h
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open.h
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open_append.c
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open_excl.c
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open_read.c
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open_trunc.c
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open_write.c
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pinq.sh
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predate.c
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preline.1
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preline.c
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prioq.c
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prioq.h
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prot.c
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prot.h
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qail.sh
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qbiff.1
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qbiff.c
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qlist.1
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qlist.c
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qlist2.sh
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qlx.h
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qmail-clean.8
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qmail-clean.c
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qmail-command.8
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qmail-config.sh
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qmail-control.9
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qmail-getpw.9
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qmail-getpw.c
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qmail-header.5
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qmail-hier.c
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qmail-inject.8
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qmail-inject.c
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qmail-limits.9
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qmail-local.8
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qmail-local.c
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qmail-log.5
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qmail-lspawn.8
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qmail-lspawn.c
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234
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qmail-newu.9
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qmail-newu.c
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qmail-pop3d.8
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qmail-pop3d.c
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qmail-popup.8
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qmail-popup.c
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qmail-pw2u.9
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qmail-pw2u.c
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qmail-qmtpd.8
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qmail-qmtpd.c
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qmail-qread.8
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qmail-qread.c
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qmail-qstat.8
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qmail-qstat.sh
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qmail-queue.8
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qmail-queue.c
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qmail-remote.8
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qmail-remote.c
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qmail-rspawn.8
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qmail-rspawn.c
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qmail-send.9
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qmail-send.c
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qmail-showctl.8
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qmail-showctl.c
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qmail-smtpd.8
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qmail-smtpd.c
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449
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qmail-start.9
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qmail-start.c
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qmail-tcpto.8
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qmail-tcpto.c
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qmail-upgrade.9
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qmail-upq.sh
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qmail-users.9
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qmail.7
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qmail.c
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103
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qmail.h
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36
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qreceipt.1
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33
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qreceipt.c
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131
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qsmhook.c
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137
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qsutil.c
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46
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qsutil.h
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12
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quote.c
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82
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quote.h
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8
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readsubdir.c
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49
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readsubdir.h
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20
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readwrite.h
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7
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received.c
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71
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received.h
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6
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remoteinfo.c
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65
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remoteinfo.h
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6
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scan.h
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27
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scan_8long.c
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scan_nbblong.c
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33
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scan_ulong.c
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11
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seek.h
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15
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seek_cur.c
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7
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seek_end.c
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seek_set.c
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7
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seek_trunc.c
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5
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select.h1
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8
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select.h2
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9
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sendmail.c
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98
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sgetopt.3
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28
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sgetopt.c
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54
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sgetopt.h
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21
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sig.h
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43
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sig_alarm.c
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7
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sig_block.c
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40
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sig_bug.c
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17
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sig_catch.c
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18
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sig_child.c
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7
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sig_hup.c
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7
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sig_misc.c
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17
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sig_pause.c
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14
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sig_pipe.c
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5
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sig_term.c
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7
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slurpclose.c
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17
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slurpclose.h
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6
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spawn.c
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259
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splogger.8
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60
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splogger.c
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72
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str.h
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14
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str_chr.c
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19
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str_cpy.c
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16
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str_diff.c
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17
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str_diffn.c
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18
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str_len.c
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15
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str_rchr.c
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22
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str_start.c
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15
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stralloc.3
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160
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stralloc.h
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21
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stralloc_arts.c
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12
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stralloc_cat.c
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9
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stralloc_catb.c
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15
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stralloc_cats.c
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10
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stralloc_copy.c
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9
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stralloc_eady.c
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6
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stralloc_opyb.c
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14
++++++++++++++
A
stralloc_opys.c
 | 
10
++++++++++
A
stralloc_pend.c
 | 
5
+++++
A
strerr.h
 | 
80
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
strerr_die.c
 | 
37
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
strerr_sys.c
 | 
12
++++++++++++
A
subfd.h
 | 
15
+++++++++++++++
A
subfderr.c
 | 
7
+++++++
A
subfdin.c
 | 
13
+++++++++++++
A
subfdins.c
 | 
13
+++++++++++++
A
subfdout.c
 | 
7
+++++++
A
subfdouts.c
 | 
7
+++++++
A
subgetopt.3
 | 
357
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
subgetopt.c
 | 
79
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
subgetopt.h
 | 
24
++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
substdi.c
 | 
91
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
substdio.c
 | 
15
+++++++++++++++
A
substdio.h
 | 
41
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
substdio_copy.c
 | 
18
++++++++++++++++++
A
substdo.c
 | 
108
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
tcp-env.1
 | 
67
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
tcp-env.c
 | 
129
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
tcp-environ.5
 | 
62
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
tcpto.c
 | 
165
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
tcpto.h
 | 
8
++++++++
A
tcpto_clean.c
 | 
20
++++++++++++++++++++
A
timeoutconn.c
 | 
59
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
timeoutconn.h
 | 
6
++++++
A
timeoutread.c
 | 
25
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
timeoutread.h
 | 
8
++++++++
A
timeoutwrite.c
 | 
25
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
timeoutwrite.h
 | 
8
++++++++
A
token822.c
 | 
511
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
token822.h
 | 
37
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
trigger.c
 | 
41
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
trigger.h
 | 
8
++++++++
A
triggerpull.c
 | 
16
++++++++++++++++
A
triggerpull.h
 | 
6
++++++
A
trycpp.c
 | 
7
+++++++
A
trydrent.c
 | 
8
++++++++
A
tryflock.c
 | 
8
++++++++
A
trylsock.c
 | 
4
++++
A
trymkffo.c
 | 
7
+++++++
A
trynpbg1.c
 | 
26
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
tryrsolv.c
 | 
4
++++
A
trysalen.c
 | 
11
+++++++++++
A
trysgact.c
 | 
10
++++++++++
A
trysgprm.c
 | 
10
++++++++++
A
tryshsgr.c
 | 
14
++++++++++++++
A
trysysel.c
 | 
8
++++++++
A
trysyslog.c
 | 
9
+++++++++
A
tryulong32.c
 | 
11
+++++++++++
A
tryvfork.c
 | 
4
++++
A
trywaitp.c
 | 
7
+++++++
A
uint32.h1
 | 
6
++++++
A
uint32.h2
 | 
6
++++++
A
wait.3
 | 
93
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A
wait.h
 | 
14
++++++++++++++
A
wait_nohang.c
 | 
12
++++++++++++
A
wait_pid.c
 | 
13
+++++++++++++
A
warn-auto.sh
 | 
2
++
A
warn-shsgr
 | 
3
+++

401 files changed, 30689 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
diff --git a/BLURB b/BLURB
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+qmail is a secure, reliable, efficient, simple message transfer agent.
+It is meant as a replacement for the entire sendmail-binmail system on
+typical Internet-connected UNIX hosts.
+
+Secure: Security isn't just a goal, but an absolute requirement. Mail
+delivery is critical for users; it cannot be turned off, so it must be
+completely secure. (This is why I started writing qmail: I was sick of
+the security holes in sendmail and other MTAs.)
+
+Reliable: qmail's straight-paper-path philosophy guarantees that a
+message, once accepted into the system, will never be lost. qmail also
+supports maildir, a new, super-reliable user mailbox format. Maildirs,
+unlike mbox files and mh folders, won't be corrupted if the system
+crashes during delivery. Even better, not only can a user safely read
+his mail over NFS, but any number of NFS clients can deliver mail to him
+at the same time.
+
+Efficient: On a Pentium under BSD/OS, qmail can easily sustain 200000
+local messages per day---that's separate messages injected and delivered
+to mailboxes in a real test! Although remote deliveries are inherently
+limited by the slowness of DNS and SMTP, qmail overlaps 20 simultaneous
+deliveries by default, so it zooms quickly through mailing lists. (This
+is why I finished qmail: I had to get a big mailing list set up.)
+
+Simple: qmail is vastly smaller than any other Internet MTA. Some
+reasons why: (1) Other MTAs have separate forwarding, aliasing, and
+mailing list mechanisms. qmail has one simple forwarding mechanism that
+lets users handle their own mailing lists. (2) Other MTAs offer a
+spectrum of delivery modes, from fast+unsafe to slow+queued. qmail-send
+is instantly triggered by new items in the queue, so the qmail system
+has just one delivery mode: fast+queued. (3) Other MTAs include, in
+effect, a specialized version of inetd that watches the load average.
+qmail's design inherently limits the machine load, so qmail-smtpd can
+safely run from your system's inetd.
+
+Replacement for sendmail: qmail supports host and user masquerading,
+full host hiding, virtual domains, null clients, list-owner rewriting,
+relay control, double-bounce recording, arbitrary RFC 822 address lists,
+cross-host mailing list loop detection, per-recipient checkpointing,
+downed host backoffs, independent message retry schedules, etc. In
+short, it's up to speed on modern MTA features. qmail also includes a
+drop-in ``sendmail'' wrapper so that it will be used transparently by
+your current UAs.
diff --git a/BLURB2 b/BLURB2
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Mailing list management is one of qmail's strengths. Notable features:
+
+* qmail lets each user handle his own mailing lists. The delivery
+instructions for user-whatever go into ~user/.qmail-whatever.
+
+* qmail makes it really easy to set up mailing list owners. If the user
+touches ~user/.qmail-whatever-owner, all bounces will come back to him.
+
+* qmail supports VERPs, which permit completely reliable automated
+bounce handling for mailing lists of any size.
+
+* SPEED---qmail blasts through mailing lists an order of magnitude
+faster than sendmail. For example, one message was successfully
+delivered to 150 hosts around the world in just 70 seconds, with qmail's
+out-of-the-box configuration.
+
+* qmail automatically prevents mailing list loops, even across hosts.
+
+* qlist, included in the qmail package, deals with subscription requests
+safely and automatically.
+
+* qmail allows inconceivably gigantic mailing lists. No random limits.
+
+* qmail handles aliasing and forwarding with the same simple mechanism.
+For example, Postmaster is controlled by ~alias/.qmail-postmaster. This
+means that cross-host loop detection also applies to aliases.
diff --git a/BLURB3 b/BLURB3
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+Here are some of qmail's features. 
+
+Setup:
+*  automatic adaptation to your UNIX variant---no configuration needed
+*  AIX, BSD/OS, FreeBSD, HP/UX, Irix, Linux, OSF/1, SunOS, Solaris, and more
+*  automatic per-host configuration (qmail-config)
+*  quick installation---no big list of decisions to make
+
+Security:
+*  clear separation between addresses, files, and programs
+*  minimization of setuid code (qmail-queue)
+*  minimization of root code (qmail-start, qmail-lspawn)
+*  five-way trust partitioning---security in depth
+*  optional logging of one-way hashes, entire contents, etc. (QUEUE_EXTRA)
+
+Message construction (qmail-inject):
+*  RFC 822, RFC 1123
+*  full support for address groups
+*  automatic conversion of old-style headers to RFC 822 format
+*  header line length limited only by memory
+*  host masquerading (control/defaulthost)
+*  user masquerading (MAILUSER, MAILHOST)
+*  sendmail hook for compatibility with current user agents
+
+SMTP service (qmail-smtpd):
+*  RFC 821, RFC 1123, RFC 1651, RFC 1652, RFC 1854
+*  8-bit clean
+*  931/1413/ident/TAP callback (tcp-env)
+*  relay control---stop unauthorized relaying by outsiders (control/rcpthosts)
+*  no interference between relay control and forwarding
+*  tcpd hook---reject SMTP connections from known abusers
+*  automatic recognition of local IP addresses
+*  per-buffer timeouts
+*  hop counting
+
+Queue management (qmail-send):
+*  instant handling of messages added to queue
+*  parallelism limit (control/concurrencyremote, control/concurrencylocal)
+*  split queue directory---no slowdown when queue gets big
+*  quadratic retry schedule---old messages tried less often
+*  independent message retry schedules
+*  automatic safe queueing---no loss of mail if system crashes
+*  automatic per-recipient checkpointing
+*  automatic queue cleanups (qmail-clean)
+*  queue viewing (qmail-qread)
+*  detailed delivery statistics (qmailanalog, available separately)
+
+Bounces (qmail-send):
+*  QSBMF bounce messages---both machine-readable and human-readable
+*  HCMSSC support---language-independent RFC 1893 error codes
+*  double bounces sent to postmaster
+
+Routing by domain (qmail-send):
+*  any number of names for local host (control/locals)
+*  any number of virtual domains (control/virtualdomains)
+*  domain wildcards (control/virtualdomains)
+*  configurable percent hack support (control/percenthack)
+*  UUCP hook
+
+SMTP delivery (qmail-remote):
+*  RFC 821, RFC 974, RFC 1123
+*  8-bit clean
+*  automatic downed host backoffs
+*  artificial routing---smarthost, localnet, mailertable (control/smtproutes)
+*  per-buffer timeouts
+*  passive SMTP queue---perfect for SLIP/PPP (serialmail, available separately)
+
+Forwarding and mailing lists (qmail-local):
+*  address wildcards (.qmail-default, .qmail-foo-default, etc.)
+*  sendmail/smail /etc/aliases compatibility (qmsmac, available separately)
+*  mailing list owners---automatically divert bounces and vacation messages
+*  VERPs---automatic recipient identification for mailing list bounces
+*  Delivered-To---automatic loop prevention, even across hosts
+*  automatic subscription management (qlist)
+
+Local delivery (qmail-local):
+*  user-controlled address hierarchy---fred controls fred-anything
+*  mbox delivery
+*  reliable NFS delivery (maildir)
+*  user-controlled program delivery: procmail etc. (qmail-command)
+*  optional new-mail notification (qbiff)
+*  optional NRUDT return receipts (qreceipt)
+*  conditional filtering (condredirect)
+
+POP3 service (qmail-popup, qmail-pop3d):
+*  RFC 1939
+*  UIDL support
+*  TOP support
+*  APOP hook
+*  modular password checking (checkpassword, available separately)
diff --git a/BLURB4 b/BLURB4
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+qmail's modular, lightweight design and sensible queue management make
+it the fastest available message transfer agent. Here's how it stacks up
+against the competition in five different speed measurements.
+
+* Scheduling: I sent a message to 8192 ``trash'' recipients on my home
+machine. All the deliveries were done in a mere 78 seconds---a rate of
+over 9 MILLION deliveries a day! Compare this to the speed advertised
+for Zmailer's scheduling: 1.1 million deliveries a day on a
+SparcStation-10/50. (My home machine is a 16MB Pentium-100 under BSD/OS,
+with the default qmail configuration. qmail's logs were piped through
+accustamp and written to disk as usual.)
+
+* Local mailing lists: When qmail is delivering a message to a mailbox,
+it physically writes the message to disk before it announces success---
+that way, mail doesn't get lost if the power goes out. I tried sending a
+message to 1024 local mailboxes on the same disk on my home machine; all
+the deliveries were done in 25.5 seconds. That's more than 3.4 MILLION
+deliveries a day! Sending 1024 copies to a _single_ mailbox was just as
+fast. Compare these figures to Zmailer's advertised rate for throwing
+recipients away without even delivering the message---only 0.48 million
+per day on the SparcStation.
+
+* Mailing lists with remote recipients: qmail uses the same delivery
+strategy that makes LSOFT's LSMTP so fast for outgoing mailing lists---
+you choose how many parallel SMTP connections you want to run, and qmail
+runs exactly that many. Of course, performance varies depending on how
+far away your recipients are. The advantage of qmail over other packages
+is its smallness: for example, one Linux user is running 60 simultaneous
+connections, without swapping, on a machine with just 16MB of memory!
+
+* Separate local messages: What LSOFT doesn't tell you about LSMTP is
+how many _separate_ messages it can handle in a day. Does it get bogged
+down as the queue fills up? On my home machine, I disabled qmail's
+deliveries and then sent 5000 separate messages to one recipient. The
+messages were all safely written to the queue disk in 23 minutes, with
+no slowdown as the queue filled up. After I reenabled deliveries, all
+the messages were delivered to the recipient's mailbox in under 12
+minutes. End-to-end rate: more than 200000 individual messages a day!
+
+* Overall performance: What really matters is how well qmail performs
+with your mail load. Red Hat Software found one day that their mail hub,
+a 48MB Pentium running sendmail 8.7, was running out of steam at 70000
+messages a day. They shifted the load to qmail---on a _smaller_ machine,
+a 16MB 486/66---and now they're doing fine.
diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
@@ -0,0 +1,1204 @@
+19970415 version: qmail 1.01.
+19970414 doc: tightened up qmail-upgrade.7.
+19970414 code: rewrote rewrite().
+19970414 code: implemented recipientmap. suggested by RDM.
+19970414 doc: auto-configured qmail home directory in qmail-control.5,
+         qmail-newu.8, qmail-pw2u.8, qmail-start.8, qmail-users.5.
+19970414 port: Solaris needs socket libs for gethostname. impact: can't
+         compile under Solaris. fix: use socket.lib for qmail-local.
+19970412 code: introduced stralloc_starts.
+19970412 code: introduced str_equal.
+19970412 code: introduced str_start.
+19970412 code: introduced byte_equal.
+19970412 code: made an optional aliasempty arg for qmail-start.
+19970412 code: made an aliasempty arg for qmail-lspawn.
+19970412 code: changed ALIAS_EMPTY to an arg for qmail-local.
+19970412 port: UnixWare returns >0 for SIOCGIFCONF. impact: ipme fails
+         under UnixWare. fix: check for >=0, not =0. tnx JD.
+19970412 port: DGUX does not have ranlib. impact: can't compile under
+         DGUX. fix: added dgux line to make-makelib. tnx HWM.
+19970412 code: changed maildir library to skip any filename beginning
+         with dot. tnx SP.
+19970412 doc: added FAQ entry about aliases with dots.
+19970412 doc: clarified in qmail-inject.8 that default envelope sender
+         is the same as _default_ From address.
+19970411 code: renamed qmail-makectl as qmail-config.
+19970411 code: renamed qmail-alias as qmail-local.
+19970411 code: switched from signal library to sig library.
+19970411 code: switched from qqtalk library to qmail library.
+19970411 code: switched from getline library to getln library.
+19970411 code: massive library cleanups.
+19970411 code: revamped autoconfiguration system.
+19970411 code: revamped configuration interface.
+19970411 code: eliminated qmail-home.
+19970411 code: eliminated tokenize.
+19970220 qmail 1.00.
+19970219 change: various documentation tweaks.
+19970218 change: updated THOUGHTS.
+19970218 change: talked about SPAWN_NUMD in FAQ. tnx EC.
+19970210 change: noted in maildir.5 that readers should skip any name
+         starting with a dot. tnx SP.
+19970209 change: added note to splogger.8 about reliability. tnx BT.
+19970209 change: added section to FAQ on slow sendmail switch. tnx BT.
+19970206 change: added section to FAQ about dtcm. tnx PJG.
+19970206 change: tweaked maildir.5.
+19970201 change: added MH spost note to FAQ. tnx TU.
+19970131 change: reorganized FAQ.
+19970131 change: added web references to FAQ.
+19970124 change: tweaked qmail-upgrade man page.
+19970120 qmail 0.96, gamma.
+19970120 change: removed various try* in auto-configuration.
+19970120 bug: qmail-inject fails to quote argument addresses. impact:
+         addresses containing special characters could be misinterpreted
+	 or rejected. tnx C2F. fix: use quote2().
+19970120 portability problem: ESIX puts syslog() and openlog() into
+         -lgen. impact: can't compile under ESIX. fix: put -lgen into
+	 LIBS for unix_sv. tnx RN.
+19961221 qmail 0.95, gamma.
+19961218 change: added various try* to TARGETS. tnx SA.
+19961216 change: clarified in qmail-send.8 that virtualdomains does not
+         apply to domains listed in locals.
+19961216 change: slurpclose() now closes fd on out-of-memory. makes it
+         more widely applicable.
+19961215 change: replaced elm instructions in INSTALL.mbox with an
+         explanation of what source change to make. tnx AB.
+19961212 portability problem: under NEWS-OS, time_t needs sys/types.h.
+         impact: couldn't compile under NEWS-OS. fix: include
+	 sys/types.h in predate.c. tnx TU.
+19961211 change: used timeoutread, timeoutwrite in remoteinfo(). tnx
+         REB.
+19961210 portability problem: apparently some SGIs produce a systype of
+         irix64. impact: couldn't compile on those systems. fix: handle
+	 irix64 in make-cmds. tnx M3S.
+19961208 change: added note to maildir2mbox.1 about mbox locking.
+19961208 qmail 0.94, gamma.
+19961207 change: added QMAILDEFAULTDOMAIN, QMAILDEFAULTHOST,
+         QMAILIDHOST, QMAILPLUSDOMAIN. tnx BTW.
+19961206 cleanup: readsubdir() protects itself against name overflow,
+         rather than depending on caller.
+19961204 change: changed FAQ 7.3 to prohibit fixup relaying.
+19961203 change: added note to FAQ about possibly having to put a space
+         before "$SENDER" for uux. tnx FW.
+19961202 change: added FAQ entry on QUEUE_EXTRA.
+19961202 change: added FAQ entry on backups. tnx DP.
+19961202 change: added note to INSTALL.mbox about qpopper. tnx VV.
+19961201 change: replaced logger with splogger in FAQ 5.1. tnx FPL.
+19961201 change: used netmask example for tcpcontrol in FAQ. tnx FPL.
+19961201 change: added note to README about the mailing list. tnx FPL.
+19961201 change: documented rcpthosts wildcards. tnx RN.
+19961201 change: added note to FAQ about making mailx use datemail.
+19961201 change: added datemail. function requested by several people;
+         approach suggested by TG.
+19961201 change: added predate.
+19961129 change: added QUEUE_EXTRA, QUEUE_EXTRALEN.
+19961129 change: qmail-remote bounces messages with partial final lines.
+19961129 change: added atomcheck() to quote crappy atoms.
+19961129 change: revised atomok() to let atoms deal with more crap.
+19961127 change: qmail-send adds note to deferral if flagdying. tnx TG.
+19961127 change: split off maildirbounce, maildir2qmtp, and maildir2smtp
+         into a separate serialmail package.
+19961126 change: eliminated beta success reports from README.
+19961124 change: forced res_query() return value to fit inside incoming
+         buffer size. allegedly there are buggy versions of res_query()
+	 that don't guarantee this.
+19961122 qmail 0.93, gamma.
+19961122 change: allowed empty arg list in forward.
+19961121 change: qmail-smtpd now uses unknown (like qmail-qmtpd) rather
+         than dying if environment variables are not set.
+19961121 cleanup: reorganized helo handling in qmail-smtpd.c.
+19961121 cleanup: eliminated newfield_rec.
+19961121 cleanup: introduced DATE822FMT. used it in received.c.
+19961121 cleanup: introduced received.c. used it in qmail-qmtpd.c,
+         qmail-smtpd.c.
+19961121 change: qmail-smtpd now generates a new timestamp for each
+         message. tnx PJG.
+19961121 cleanup: used stralloc in newfield.
+19961121 cleanup: eliminated newfield_cc.
+19961121 change: eliminated hfield_mort().
+19961119 change: added 2-minute damper on tcpto.
+19961118 change: wrote defaults for readfile controls in showctl.
+19961117 change: control_readfile() now allows comments and blank lines.
+         tnx LW.
+19961117 change: qmail-start sets logger gid to GID_NOFILES.
+19961117 bug: ipme_init() uses a fixed-length buffer for SIOCGIFCONF.
+         impact: qmail-smtpd and qmail-remote will die if there are too
+	 many local IP addresses. tnx MD. fix: ipme_init() now
+	 dynamically allocates space, up to 200000 bytes, as long as
+	 SIOCGIFCONF keeps failing. note that this is a very widespread
+	 bug; it's in amd, exim, mrouted, named, nntpd, rarpd, sendmail,
+	 tcpdump, timed, xntpd, and probably dozens more programs.
+19961117 portability problem: on BSD 4.4 and various other systems,
+         SIOCGIFCONF will truncate long lists and return success.
+	 impact: on those systems, qmail-smtpd and qmail-remote will
+	 miss some local IP addresses if there are too many. fix:
+	 ipme_init() now checks whether there is enough space left in
+	 the buffer for another ifreq, plus 64 bytes JIC. yuck.
+19961117 change: ipmeprint now flushes only at end.
+19961117 cleanup: introduced subfdinsmall. used it in qmail-clean.c,
+         qmail-qmtpd.c.
+19961117 cleanup: introduced subfdoutsmall. used it in hostname.c,
+         printbreak.c, printnumd.c, printsplit.c, qmail-alias.c,
+	 qmail-clean.c, qmail-getpw.c, qmail-qmtpd.c, maildir2smtp.c,
+	 maildir2qmtp.c.
+19961117 change: moved subfderr buf up to 256 characters.
+19961117 change: added maildirbounce. tnx MD, TG.
+19961116 change: maildir2smtp and maildir2qmtp now print filenames for
+         permanent bounces. tnx MD.
+19961116 change: in SECURITY, ``eleven most recent sendmail security
+         holes, five'' -> ``twelve most recent sendmail security holes,
+	 six.''
+19961116 change: rewrote qmail-showctl more professionally.
+19961115 change: added several tests to find-systype.sh. this will
+         affect many systypes.
+19961115 change: qmail-alias now treats most exit codes as soft errors.
+19961115 change: revamped exit codes everywhere for 0, 100, 111.
+19961114 change: added splogger.
+19961114 portability problem: Sun's cc recognizes sqrt() as a builtin,
+         even if math.h is not included and sqrt is defined statically.
+	 yuck. impact: when qmail is compiled with Sun's cc, next-retry
+	 times are all screwed up. tnx PJG. fix: my sqrt() is now called
+	 squareroot().
+19961114 change: dns_ip() now recognizes [1.2.3.4]. tnx DS.
+19961112 change: enabled x option in sendmail. tnx DS.
+19961111 change: added SIGHUP handling to qmail-send. suggested by many
+         people.
+19961111 bug: control routines returned incorrect codes for some
+         out-of-memory conditions. impact: none; conditions cannot
+	 happen with sane control files. fix: return -1.
+19961111 change: added SIGALRM handling to qmail-send. suggested by many
+         people.
+19961111 change: eliminated flagnobreak (-b/-B) from qmail-pw2u.
+19961111 change: qmail-getpw now allows hyphens inside usernames.
+19961111 change: added users/append to qmail-pw2u. tnx G2A.
+19961111 change: added badmailfrom to qmail-smtpd. requested by several
+         people.
+19961110 change: replaced elm instructions in INSTALL.mbox with a simple
+         note to set incomingfolders in elm.rc. tnx AB.
+19961110 change: replaced ``owner hack'' with ``variable envelope
+         return paths'' throughout the documentation. tnx DS.
+19961110 change: qmail-setup installs man pages as well as cat pages.
+19961110 change: renamed qmail-newuser as qmail-newu. tnx G2A.
+19961110 change: renamed qmail-pw2user as qmail-pw2u. tnx G2A.
+19961105 change: set path in INSTALL.boot. tnx TJH.
+19961105 change: noted in qmail-smtpd.8 that addresses without @ are
+         always allowed through.
+19961105 change: indicated at various spots in FAQ that rcpthosts has to
+         be updated. suggested by various people.
+19961105 change: indicated at various spots in FAQ that qmail has to be
+         restarted. suggested by various people.
+19961029 change: fixed typo in maildir2qmtp.1. tnx BG.
+19961026 qmail 0.92, gamma.
+19961026 bug: qmail-getpw did not 0-terminate usernames. tnx CF. impact:
+         qmail-getpw would crash on some systems, deferring local
+	 deliveries. fix: 0-terminate.
+19961025 cleanup: renamed auto-hassgprm.h to hassgprm.h.
+19961025 cleanup: renamed auto-hassgact.h to hassgact.h.
+19961024 change: replaced qmail-alias.0 with dot-qmail.0 in
+         INSTALL.alias. tnx MW.
+19961022 change: switched uids as early as possible in qmail-start.c.
+19961022 change: in SECURITY, ``ten most recent sendmail security
+         holes, five'' -> ``eleven most recent sendmail security holes,
+	 five.''
+19961022 change: quote_need() now treats non-ASCII characters the same
+         way as control characters.
+19961022 change: added version and home page to qmail.7.
+19961022 cleanup: introduced slurpclose.c. used it in qmail-alias.c,
+         qmail-lspawn.c.
+19961021 portability problem: AT&T NCR boxes need stdio.h before
+         arpa/nameser.h. impact: dns.c would not compile. fix: include
+	 stdio.h. tnx HS.
+19961021 change: added AIX section to INSTALL.ids. tnx SSB.
+19961021 change: added qmail-pw2user.
+19961020 change: added qmail-pw2user.8.
+19961020 change: qmail-alias now dies soft on EACCES/EPERM for .qmail.
+19961020 change: eliminated root comments from INSTALL.qsmhook.
+19961020 change: various improvements in FAQ.
+19961017 change: added QLX_ROOT.
+19961017 change: renamed hosts in FAQ. tnx SLB.
+19961017 change: in dot-qmail.5, documented envnoathost effects. tnx RN.
+19961017 change: revamped addresses.5.
+19961017 change: added stripvdomprepend() for better bounces. tnx PT.
+19961012 portability problem: under HP-UX 9, can't setgroups() to 65537.
+         impact: couldn't compile under HP-UX 9. fix: use 0 instead of
+	 65537 in chkshsgr.c. tnx HHO.
+19961008 change: added several qlx codes.
+19961008 cleanup: eliminated qlx from qmail-alias.
+19961008 change: qmail-lspawn runs qmail-getpw as UID_PW.
+19961008 change: added qmail-newuser.
+19961008 change: added cdb support to qmail-lspawn.
+19961008 change: integrated cdb.
+19961007 change: added qmail-users.5.
+19961007 change: eliminated usermap.
+19961007 cleanup: switched execvp to execv in sendmail, qmail-lspawn.
+19961007 change: used qmail-getpw in qmail-lspawn.
+19961007 change: renamed LSPAWN_USERLEN as GETPW_USERLEN.
+19961007 change: added qmail-getpw.
+19961007 change: created users subdirectory of CONF_HOME.
+19961007 change: fixed typo in FAQ. tnx J1B.
+19961006 change: replaced subfdout with a small ss in qmail-alias.
+19961006 change: reduced qmail-alias buffer sizes to 1024.
+19961003 change: added note to maildir2smtp.0 about maildirmake. tnx SM.
+19961003 bug: if ipme_init() returned -1, qmail-remote would continue,
+         blindly assuming that all addresses are local. impact: on
+	 systems with too many aliases, all remote deliveries fail. tnx
+	 MD. fix: qmail-remote now dies with temp_oserr() on any result
+	 other than 1.
+19961003 portability problem: all pre-4.9.4 versions of bind barf,
+         badly, on CNAME queries to lame servers. what a crappy system.
+	 even if the resolver doesn't barf, the next name server down
+	 the line may barf. impact: qmail can't get mail through to
+	 domains that are (1) lame and (2) running old versions of bind.
+	 fix: never, ever, do a CNAME query. dns_cname() now does an ANY
+	 query instead. this, like sendmail's analogous procedure, is
+	 unreliable when a CNAME is mixed with other records.
+19961001 cleanup: switched to libfd in qmail-start.c.
+19960929 cleanup: renamed auto-hasmkffo.h to hasmkffo.h.
+19960928 cleanup: reorganized qmail-start.c.
+19960928 cleanup: used libfd in preline.c, qmail-lspawn.c,
+         qmail-popup.c, qmail-rspawn.c, qmail-start.c, qqtalk.c,
+	 qsmhook.c.
+19960928 cleanup: added libfd.
+19960927 change: in SECURITY, ``nine most recent sendmail security
+         holes, four'' -> ``ten most recent sendmail security holes,
+	 five.''
+19960926 change: added tcpcontrol notes to FAQ.
+19960926 change: qmail-smtpd now immediately closes connection, with a
+         warning message dedicated to Solaris, if stray newlines show up
+	 in the incoming data.
+19960926 change: added INSTALL.boot.
+19960926 portability problem: on systems that can handle IP interface
+         aliases (i.e., on sa_len systems), SIOCGIFADDR returns the
+	 primary address for an alias. impact: ipme_init() did not
+	 include alias addresses. fix: ipme_init() avoids SIOCGIFADDR on
+	 sa_len systems; on these systems, the address we want is
+	 already in ifr. tnx DM.
+19960926 change: qmail-alias kills itself if locking takes longer than
+         30 seconds.
+19960926 change: qmail-pop3d no longer moves messages. tnx RS.
+19960924 change: added note to FAQ about descriptors limit. tnx RD.
+19960922 change: open_trunc() now uses 644.
+19960922 change: qmail-setup now does umask(077).
+19960922 change: maildir2mbox now does umask(077).
+19960922 change: moved subfderr buf up to 64 characters.
+19960920 change: in SECURITY, ``eight most recent sendmail security
+         holes, three'' -> ``nine most recent sendmail security holes,
+	 four.''
+19960920 portability problem: init run commands are subject to job
+         control signals under more systems than HP-UX. impact: on some
+	 systems (e.g., Solaris), qmail daemons would be killed. fix:
+	 INSTALL now tells everybody to use csh -cf.
+19960920 change: added queue-run section to FAQ.
+19960920 change: in pine-crashing question in FAQ, added -oem and -oi,
+         so that change will work with the real sendmail too.
+19960919 change: added CNAME section to FAQ. tnx to various people.
+19960919 change: eliminated QQX_EXECHARD and QQT_EXECHARD. this means
+         that all qmail-queue invocation failures are now soft, even
+	 things like EPERM.
+19960919 change: replaced ``No such address'' with ``Sorry, no mailbox
+         here by that name.'' tnx G2A.
+19960919 change: qmail-remote now includes host name in no-such-host
+         messages. tnx G2A.
+19960919 change: replaced ``Temporarily unable to canonicalize address''
+         with ``CNAME lookup failed temporarily.''
+19960918 change: improved an error message in qmail-alias.c. tnx TG.
+19960918 change: added SHELL=/bin/sh to Makefile. tnx JL.
+19960916 change: reorganized INSTALL.ids a bit.
+19960916 change: ``from smtpd'' is now ``from network''.
+19960916 change: SMTPD is now DAEMON.
+19960916 change: qmail-start sets logger uid to UID_LOG. tnx JLH.
+19960916 change: added CONF_USERL.
+19960916 change: iaafmt() now puts a dot on in-addr.arpa.
+19960915 change: added UPGRADE. suggested by several people.
+19960915 change: added qsutil error messages to qmail-log.5.
+19960915 change: qsutil error messages are now alerts.
+19960915 portability problem: on some systems, logger appears to use
+         syslog(pri,buf) instead of syslog(pri,"%s",buf). tnx JC.
+	 impact: logger could barf or crash if fed messages containing
+	 %. an attacker could easily cause a crash, eliminating qmail's
+	 logs. fix: % is no longer considered safe for logs.
+19960912 cleanup: split seek.c into seek_*.c.
+19960912 cleanup: replaced seek_to() with seek_set().
+19960912 cleanup: introduced libseek.a.
+19960907 cleanup: split case.c into case_*.c.
+19960907 cleanup: introduced libcase.a.
+19960907 cleanup: split wait.c into wait_*.c.
+19960907 cleanup: introduced libwait.a.
+19960907 cleanup: renamed auto-haswaitp.h to haswaitp.h.
+19960907 cleanup: split open.c into open_*.c.
+19960907 cleanup: introduced libopen.a.
+19960904 change: added generic pointer to qmail-control.5. tnx HW.
+19960904 change: rewrote rcpthosts section in FAQ. tnx HW.
+19960904 change: added organization section to FAQ. tnx HW.
+19960902 qmail 0.91, gamma.
+19960902 change: control_readfile() can now handle partial lines. tnx
+         JDHB.
+19960902 change: eliminated non-fqdn note from FAQ. next version of
+         tcpserver will use DNS directly.
+19960902 change: qlist now uses NEWSENDER, not SENDER.
+19960902 change: qmail-pop3d no longer obtains a lock. tnx RS.
+19960902 change: put }g on all seds in Makefile.
+19960831 change: noted in qmail-control.5 that comments are not allowed
+         in control files. tnx J2B.
+19960829 change: used double union in alloc.c. tnx ME.
+19960829 change: replaced semicolon with colon for smtproutes port.
+19960829 change: in INSTALL, put make man just before make setup.
+19960829 change: changed a few qmail messages into alerts.
+19960829 cleanup: renamed datetime_gmt as datetime_tai.
+19960829 change: added note to UUCP question that some UUCP software
+         doesn't want preline -f. tnx SB.
+19960829 change: added question 2.4 to FAQ on SLIP/PPP.
+19960828 change: replaced owner- with owner-@host-@[] in qmail-inject.
+19690828 change: replaced owner- with owner-@host-@[] in qmail-alias.
+19960828 change: replaced owner- with owner-@host-@[] in injectbounce().
+19960828 change: replaced owner- with owner-@host-@[] in senderadd() for
+         owner hack.
+19960828 change: qmail-inject -n now prints Return-Path.
+19960825 cleanup: revised ending code in token_addrlist(). 
+19960825 change: tokenize now uses linelen 0 for unparse.
+19960825 change: if linelen is 0 in token822_unparse, no length limit.
+19960825 change: added LINELEN macro to qmail-inject for unparse.
+19960825 change: token822_unparse now takes linelen argument. (leaving
+         two spaces on the right before linelen.)
+19960824 cleanup: renamed token as token822.
+19960822 portability problem: under NEWS-OS, /bin/mail and /usr/ucb/mail
+         invoke sendmail with -E and -J options. tnx TU. impact:
+	 couldn't send mail with those programs. fix: accept opts,
+	 including _optional_ args. ugh.
+19960821 change: sendmail now quits if invoked as newaliases. tnx TU.
+19960821 portability problem: under NEWS-OS, dirent.h needs sys/types.h.
+         tnx TU. this POSIX violation also appears in some versions of
+	 FreeBSD. impact: couldn't compile under NEWS-OS. fix: include
+	 sys/types.h in direntry.h* and trydrent.c. [sigh]
+19960821 change: added concurrencyremote question to FAQ.
+19960821 change: added chkspawn.
+19960821 change: moved default SPAWN_NUMD up to 120.
+19960818 change: allowed ;port in smtproutes. tnx AL.
+19960818 change: introduced port in qmail-remote.c.
+19960818 change: qmail-queue records qp in Received lines. 2 lines of
+         code. tnx ME.
+19960818 change: in SECURITY, ``seven most recent sendmail security
+         holes'' -> ``eight most recent sendmail security holes.''
+19960818 change: qmail-pop3d now appends an extra blank line to every
+         message, for compatibility with popper. some clients can't
+	 deal with the right thing, unfortunately. tnx FPL.
+19960818 change: added qmail-tcpto.
+19960818 change: eliminated cc -posix for NeXTs. tnx SA.
+19960818 change: eliminated loadfifo. tnx SA.
+19960818 change: integrated auto-configured fifo.c code from SA.
+19960817 change: put SYSDEPS into a more reasonable order.
+19960813 change: indicated possibility of duplication when qmail-remote
+         gets a dead connection after DATA. tnx ME.
+19960813 change: documented qmail-inject environment variables.
+19960813 change: supported per-recipient owner hack in qmail-inject.
+19960813 change: supported per-message owner hack in qmail-inject.
+19960813 change: introduced hackedruser into qmail-inject.
+19960813 change: introduced QMAILRUSER, QMAILRHOST.
+19960812 change: added QMAILINJECT option to allow address-comment form.
+19960812 change: made name-address form the default in qmail-inject.
+19960812 change: added QMAILINJECT options f and m to delete From and
+         Message-ID on input. tnx LL.
+19960812 change: added QMAILINJECT environment variable.
+19960812 change: added QMAILHOST, QMAILUSER, QMAILNAME to override
+         MAILHOST, MAILUSER, MAILNAME. tnx MG.
+19960812 change: added qmail-showctl.
+19960812 portability problem: under Solaris 2.4 and possibly other
+         systems, the linker does not give generic alignment to an array
+	 of 4096 chars. tnx JP. impact: some subset of the programs
+	 would (reliably) die with a bus error; in the Solaris case,
+	 maildir2mbox. fix: redefine space in alloc.c to be aligned.
+19960812 change: qmail-remote no longer does CNAME lookups if there's an
+         artificial SMTP route. tnx ME.
+19960812 change: added flagcname arg to addrmangle() in qmail-remote.
+19960812 cleanup: moved host/relayhost processing earlier in
+         qmail-remote.
+19960812 change: qmail-remote stops before DATA if no RCPTs were
+         successful. tnx JLH.
+19960812 change: rewrote rcpthosts explanation in FAQ.
+19960811 change: added qmail-log.5.
+19960811 change: introduced ALIAS_PATERNALISM. configurability requested
+         by several people.
+19960811 change: eliminated go-writability test for qmeox(). the alleged
+         value of paternalism is nonexistent if nobody even notices
+	 you're doing it.
+19960811 change: in qbiff, changed no-/-allowed to no-/-at-beginning,
+         no-dots-allowed, must-be-nonempty. tnx MD.
+19960811 change: in mbox.5, discouraged mail readers from looking for
+         From_ lines only after blank lines. too much crap in the world.
+19960811 change: added subject line to qreceipt success notices.
+19960811 change: added subject line to qmail-send bounce messages.
+19960811 change: qmail-alias now expects dash arg. this finally gives
+         lspawn complete control over the local -> ~user/.qmail-ext map.
+19960811 change: qmail-lspawn passes dash arg to qmail-alias.
+19960811 change: reorganized qlist acknowledgment format. again.
+19960811 change: documented EXT, EXT2, EXT3, EXT4. tnx BB.
+19960810 change: qmail-makectl now copies locals to rcpthosts. should be
+         a better default. suggested by TK.
+19960805 portability problem: new makefile generator put in tabs again.
+         sigh. impact: couldn't compile under some systems. fix: same as
+	 before. tnx TG.
+19960804 change: added tcpserver instructions to FAQ.
+19960804 change: reorganized FAQ server instructions into a new section.
+19960801 qmail 0.90, gamma.
+19960801 change: qmail-qmtpd now supports rcpthosts, RELAYCLIENT.
+19960731 change: default NUMD is now 29. this prepares for weird systems
+         where getpwnam() needs more than one descriptor (but the
+	 descriptor limit is still 64! ... you never know), and for
+	 possible future getpwnam() replacements.
+19960731 change: popped subfderr buffer up to 32 characters. made sure
+         that everybody flushed subfderr as necessary.
+19960731 change: maildir2qmtp now prints filenames and responses.
+19960731 change: maildir2smtp now prints filenames it's trying and
+         relevant portion of SMTP responses.
+19960731 change: used succwrite() in maildir2smtp, maildir2qmtp.
+         simplifies code quite a bit.
+19960731 change: qmail-remote's blast() checks sooner for write errors.
+19960731 change: added better -e option to sendmail. tnx TG.
+19960731 change: added maildir2qmtp.
+19960730 cleanup: eliminated die_nomem() in maildir2smtp.c.
+19960730 change: dns_cname now pretends that "foo." is a CNAME for "foo"
+	 to give the desired behavior for people who misuse DNS and
+	 violate RFC 822. tnx RN.
+19960730 change: dns_cname now tests for empty names and ] on every
+         loop.
+19960730 change: used LSPAWN_BREAK in qmail-send.c for usermap.
+19960730 change: updated header example in qmail-header.5.
+19960730 change: added printbreak. auto-configured BREAK in dot-qmail.5,
+         qmail-lspawn.7, qmail-send.8, qmail-upgrade.7, qlist2.
+19960730 change: added printnumd. auto-configured NUMD in qmail-send.8,
+         qmail-limits.8.
+19960730 change: added printsplit. auto-configured split in qmail-upq.
+19960730 change: added dot-qmail.5.
+19960730 change: qmail-smtpd now treats HELO as including RSET.
+19960730 change: added moreinfo to qlist usage message.
+19960729 change: improved an error message in qmail-alias.
+19960729 cleanup: merged qmeox(), qmeodx().
+19960729 bug: failure to stat .qmail-owner was not an error. impact: if
+         stat failed temporarily (e.g., because of NFS), .qmail-owner
+	 would be incorrectly ignored, so outgoing message would have
+	 wrong envelope sender. fix: qmail-alias does temp_nfsqmail() if
+	 stat() returns a temporary error.
+19960729 change: added RFCOWNER.
+19960729 change: added qmtpd setup question to FAQ.
+19960729 change: added qmail-qmtpd.
+19960728 change: revamped maildir2smtp error messages.
+19960728 change: revamped maildirwatch error messages.
+19960728 change: revamped maildir2mbox error messages.
+19960728 change: used strerr in maildir_scan().
+19960728 change: used strerr in maildir_chdir().
+19960728 change: introduced strerr.
+19960728 bug: the new tcp-env tried to read from an ndelay socket.
+         impact: TCPREMOTEINFO would always be empty. fix: unset ndelay
+	 in remoteinfo.c.
+19960728 bug: if maildir2smtp saw a permanent failure after MAIL, it
+         failed to do RSET. impact: all further messages would be
+	 rejected at the MAIL stage. fix: maildir2smtp now always does
+	 RSET. tnx JW.
+19960728 cleanup: qmail-alias now applies lowercase and dot-to-colon
+         conversion directly to dashext, leaving everything else alone.
+	 this works since all .qmail access is factored through dashext.
+19960727 portability problem: under NeXTStep, -posix is almost entirely
+         broken. impact: qmail daemons would dump core under NeXTStep.
+	 fix: turn off -posix, except for loading qmail-setup, which
+	 needs mkfifo(); NeXT, bless them, didn't put mkfifo() into the
+	 C library where it belongs. this requires a new make command,
+	 namely loadfifo.
+19960727 change: all characters 33-126 are now considered safe for logs.
+         tnx MD.
+19960727 cleanup: eliminated qp variable from mailforward().
+19960727 cleanup: maildirwatch.c includes headerbody.h.
+19960727 cleanup: eliminated match from maildirwatch.c.
+19960727 cleanup: eliminated code variable from maildir2smtp.c:doit().
+19960727 cleanup: maildir2smtp.c includes scan.h.
+19960727 cleanup: maildir.c includes str.h.
+19960727 cleanup: qmail-popup.c now includes exit.h.
+19960727 cleanup: qmail-pop3d.c now includes exit.h.
+19960727 cleanup: eliminated path from qmail-start.c.
+19960727 cleanup: eliminated birthplusnn from nextretry().
+19960727 cleanup: eliminated r from timeoutconn().
+19960727 cleanup: tcpto.c now includes byte.h.
+19960727 cleanup: spawn.c now declares initialize().
+19960727 cleanup: qmail-lspawn.c now includes str.h, byte.h.
+19960727 cleanup: qmail-inject.c now includes quote.h.
+19960727 change: qmail-check now checks separately for group
+         readability and other readability.
+19960727 bug: maildir2smtp didn't check flagehlo in PIPELINING parsing.
+         impact: a server that said PIPELINING at any point, not just
+	 EHLO, would receive pipelined data. fix: check flagehlo.
+19960727 bug: readsubdir was calling pause(). impact: if a subdirectory
+         was removed, qmail-send would hang. fix: use rs->pause().
+19960727 change: used error_str in qmail-qread.
+19960727 change: qmail-qread now looks for local/remote open errors.
+19960727 cleanup: added warn() in qmail-qread.c.
+19960727 change: qmail-qread now exits 111 for temporary errors.
+19960727 change: used error_str in qmail-setup.
+19960727 change: introduced error_str.
+19960727 change: replaced qmail-check with make check in INSTALL.
+19960727 change: added check target to Makefile.
+19960727 change: replaced qmail-setup with make setup in INSTALL.
+19960727 change: indirected fake targets through do- targets.
+19960727 change: added setup target to Makefile.
+19960727 change: qmail-makectl now makes sure that defaultdomain has
+         at least one dot. e.g., enteract.com -> enteract.com, not com.
+19960726 bug: quote() failed to quote commas. impact: addresses
+         containing commas would not have been quoted correctly for
+	 Return-Path or for SMTP MAIL FROM. fix: quote commas.
+19960726 change: sendmail now mentions qmail-qread, not qmail-mailq.
+19960726 change: qmail-alias now expects ext arg. this eliminates
+         LSPAWN_BREAK from qmail-alias and gives lspawn almost complete
+	 control over the local -> ~user/.qmail-ext transformation. the
+	 exception is that qmail-alias always uses ~user/.qmail,
+	 ignoring ext, if local is the same as user.
+19960726 change: qmail-lspawn passes ext to qmail-alias.
+19960726 change: alloc() now uses up a 4K space before calling malloc().
+19960726 change: ipalloc allocation base is now 10. 100 was silly.
+19960726 change: stralloc allocation base is now 30.
+19960726 change: injectbounce() now supports the owner hack.
+19960726 change: qmail-smtpd no longer requires HELO. tnx K1J.
+19960726 cleanup: replaced makereceived() with dohelo().
+19960726 change: qmail-smtpd is back to 555 for syntax errors.
+19960725 change: qmail-alias now supports the owner hack. tnx to RN for
+         prodding me to look at this problem.
+19960725 change: senderadd() now supports the owner hack.
+19960725 cleanup: split off senderadd().
+19960725 change: added pine-crashing note to FAQ.
+19960725 change: added procmail config.h note to INSTALL.mbox.
+19960725 change: added elm TMPDIR note to INSTALL.mbox.
+19960725 change: added pine.conf note to INSTALL.mbox.
+19960724 change: added fixup note to FAQ.
+19960724 change: qmail-inject now exits 111 for temporary errors.
+19960724 change: qmail-smtpd now appends RELAYCLIENT to incoming
+         recipient domain names.
+19960724 cleanup: moved relayclient out of qmail-smtpd's addrallowed()
+         into caller.
+19960724 change: added rcpthosts wildcards.
+19960724 change: added clean target to Makefile.
+19960723 change: added virtualdomains exceptions.
+19960722 change: added BLURB4.
+19960722 change: added BLURB3.
+19960722 change: eliminated smarthost and localnet.
+19960722 change: incorporated relaymap, contributed by LW. renamed it
+         as smtproutes.
+19960722 change: qmail-popup now supports APOP. suggested by BG, who
+         distributed similar changes.
+19960722 change: qmail-popup now sends APOP timestamp to checkpassword.
+19960722 cleanup: in qmail-popup, split off doanddie().
+19960722 change: qmail-popup now prints APOP timestamp in banner.
+19960722 change: added hostname argument to qmail-popup.
+19960722 cleanup: in qmail-popup, split out() into out(), outflush().
+19960722 cleanup: in qmail-popup, introduced pop3_greet().
+19960721 portability problem: under Unisys SVR4, hostname is not in the
+         usual path. impact: qmail-makectl fails. fix: added hostname
+	 command here, used it in qmail-makectl.
+19960721 portability problem: on some sysctl-based systems, apparently
+         gethostname() doesn't write anything if the output buffer is
+	 too small. it should write a truncated name. impact: if anyone
+	 has a hostname longer than 64 characters, maildirs could get up
+	 to 64 characters of garbage, rather than a truncated hostname.
+	 fix: qmail-alias now does *host = 0 before calling gethostname.
+19960721 change: updated FAQ examples from qsmhook to preline.
+19960721 change: added preline.
+19960721 change: qsmhook now uses signal_init, signal_uninit.
+19960721 change: qsmhook now checks specifically for empty args.
+19960721 change: documented mbox.
+19960721 change: added EXT, EXT2, EXT3, EXT4.
+19960721 change: added LAST response to qmail-pop3d, always returning
+         OK 0. tnx RN.
+19960721 change: added qmail home page to README.
+19960721 change: added HELP response to qmail-smtpd. tnx RN.
+19960720 change: expanded, vertically, the qmail-inject error message
+         for unparseable header fields.
+19960720 change: logo is now dolphin. tnx CEJ.
+19960719 qmail 0.76, beta.
+19960719 change: used LSPAWN_BREAK in qmail-alias for deciding how to
+         handle extensions. this should produce better behavior in the
+	 (unsupported) case that LSPAWN_BREAK is not a hyphen.
+19960719 bug: qmail-smtpd didn't check for null arg on MAIL, RCPT.
+         impact: qmail-smtpd would deref 0 and crash. fix: qmail-smtpd
+	 now gives syntax error on null arg.
+19960719 change: documented UFLINE in qmail-command.8. tnx TG.
+19960718 change: added maildir2smtp.
+19960718 cleanup: introduced maildir.c. used it in maildir2mbox.c,
+         maildirwatch.c.
+19960718 change: added maildirwatch.
+19960718 cleanup: maildir2mbox now sets up pq2 as it is deleting from
+         pq, rather than simultaneously with pq.
+19960718 change: added H_DELIVEREDTO.
+19960718 portability problem: Unisys requires -lsocket -lnsl. impact:
+         couldn't compile under Unisys. fix: added unix_sv section to
+	 make-cmds.sh. tnx TVP.
+19960718 change: added unix_sv section in find-systype. tnx TVP.
+19960717 change: qmail-alias now appends newline if .qmail does not end
+         with a newline. tnx MC.
+19960717 change: qmail-alias now defers delivery for a blank line only
+         if it is the first line of the file. handles user behavior
+	 described by MC of putting many newlines at end of file.
+19960717 bug: qmail-inject looked for dots in user part, not just host
+         part, when deciding whether to use defaultdomain. impact: the
+	 address joe.bloggs@here didn't have defaultdomain added. fix:
+	 qmail-inject now stops at the @.
+19960717 change: updated INSTALL.alias to mention qmsmac.
+19960717 change: syntax error code for SMTP is now 501.
+19960717 change: added -e option to sendmail. tnx TG.
+19960716 change: changed ~alias files to .qmail-local, not .qmaillocal.
+	 suggested by many people.
+19960716 change: redid qmail-alias/qmail-lspawn interface.
+19960716 change: replaced EXTENSION, USEREXT with LOCAL.
+19960716 change: qmail-queue now removes intd, mess upon error, as long
+	 as it doesn't time out. suggested by BB et al.
+19960716 change: added flagmademess, flagmadeintd to qmail-queue.c.
+19960716 cleanup: changed todofd to intdfd in qmail-queue.c.
+19960716 cleanup: added cleanup() to qmail-queue.c.
+19960716 change: added timeout to tcp-env.c, default 30 seconds.
+19960716 change: remoteinfo_get() now uses timeoutconn().
+19960715 change: added procmail config.h note to FAQ.
+19960704 change: qmail-upgrade.7 now warns administrators that ~alias
+         generally doesn't apply to addresses starting with a user name.
+19960703 change: added echo \c note to FAQ. tnx PJG.
+19960702 change: qmail-smtpd now accepts HELO without an argument.
+         tnx K1J, J1B.
+19960627 change: qmail-lspawn.8 now mentions that qmail-lspawn doesn't
+         set up supplementary groups. tnx TG.
+19960625 portability problem: under Linux, read(,,0) doesn't do proper
+         error slippage. impact: timeoutconn() would always report
+	 success; if a connection failed, qmail-remote would report a
+	 greeting failure and skip all further MX records. tnx ME. fix:
+	 timeoutconn() now uses getpeername() to check for success.
+19960625 change: qmail-smtpd now mentions disk full for QQT_WRITE.
+19960625 change: qmail-inject now mentions disk full for QQT_WRITE.
+19960622 change: if RELAYCLIENT is set, qmail-smtpd skips rcpthosts.
+19960609 change: updated INSTALL for current SMTP responses.
+19960607 change: clarified INSTALL.qsmhook examples. tnx S1R.
+19960607 change: added subject parsing to qlist.c. tnx RN.
+19960607 cleanup: used case_diffb in qlist.c.
+19960607 change: added extra log information to INSTALL examples.
+19960606 change: added -Pn to uucp line in FAQ. tnx DWS.
+19960605 portability problem: under Solaris, /usr/bin/groups incorrectly
+         reports your groups in /etc/group, rather than the results of
+	 getgroups(). tnx MD, PJG. impact: test #19 in INSTALL fails.
+	 fix: added special note to test #19 (sigh) about Solaris.
+19960605 change: improved maildir setup commands in INSTALL.mbox.
+19960605 change: on success, qmail-alias logs forwarding qp. 9 lines
+         extra code.
+19960605 change: qmail-send logs qp for bounce. 6 lines extra code.
+19960605 change: qmail-smtpd includes qp in its response when it accepts
+         a message. 7 lines extra code. requested by MD and others.
+19960605 change: added qqtalk_qp.
+19960605 change: qmail-send now logs uid and qp from todo file. 14 lines
+         extra code.
+19960605 change: qmail-queue now records uid and qp in u and p lines
+         in todo file. 7 lines extra code.
+19960605 change: improved qmail-alias x-bit error messages.
+19960605 change: newline in log is now converted to /, not underscore.
+19960604 change: when it accepts a message, qmail-smtpd includes the
+         local time in its 250 response.
+19960604 change: on success, qmail-alias prints delivery counts,
+         file+forward+program.
+19960603 change: qmail-remote now reports IP address on success. tnx MD.
+19960603 change: qmail-send now logs success and failure reports, not
+         just deferral reports.
+19960603 change: added netbsd section in find-systype, same as bsd.os
+         section. this will affect netbsd-* systypes. tnx MBS.
+19960530 qmail 0.75, beta.
+19960528 change: added qmail.7. tnx MD.
+19960525 change: added qmail-pop3d. tnx RN.
+19960525 change: added qmail-popup. tnx RN.
+19960525 change: added elm filter section to FAQ. tnx GB.
+19960502 portability problem: on many systems, select() on an
+         almost-full pipe incorrectly says writable. tnx ME for running
+	 into this and helping track it down. impact: if qmail-send
+	 writes a pipeful to qmail-lspawn or qmail-rspawn before they
+	 can react (because of high concurrency, high load, or long
+	 addresses), it will receive an incorrect -1/EAGAIN, and will
+	 conclude that spawn died. sysadmin will have to restart qmail,
+	 and messages will be duplicated. fix: in qmail-send.c,
+	 busy-loop if write() to spawn returns any error other than
+	 EPIPE.
+19960501 bug: qmail-alias treated NAMETOOLONG and NOTDIR as temporary
+         errors. impact: qmail-alias never looked for -default; even if
+	 mail was destined to bounce, it would have to time out first.
+	 fix: qmail-alias now uses error_temp().
+19960430 bug: qmail-smtpd treated qq crash as permanent error. impact:
+         if somebody actively kills qq, mail will be incorrectly
+	 bounced. tnx SS. fix: qmail-smtpd now treats only TOOLONG and
+	 EXECHARD as permanent errors.
+19960430 cleanup: eliminated QQT_TTY from qqtalk.h.
+19960428 change: added ``warning: '' before trouble-marking message.
+19960428 change: added percenthack. requested by GB.
+19960428 cleanup: switched to auto-generated Makefile.
+19960428 cleanup: switched to auto-generated .o dependencies.
+19960428 cleanup: eliminated fmt.o, scan.o from Makefile.
+19960428 portability problem: under HP-UX 10, the rc pgrp is sent HUP
+         when rc finishes. tnx BG. impact: the qmail daemons are killed
+	 when rc finishes. fix: added special note in INSTALL (sigh) to
+	 use csh -cf.
+19960427 cleanup: added PORT_SMTP in qmail-remote.c.
+19960427 cleanup: introduced timeoutwrite.c. used it in qmail-remote.c.
+19960427 cleanup: introduced timeoutread.c. used it in qmail-remote.c.
+19960427 cleanup: introduced timeoutconn.c. used it in qmail-remote.c.
+19960427 change: added timeoutconnect. default: 60 seconds.
+19960427 change: added pop3d instructions to FAQ. tnx RN.
+19960427 change: eliminated env manipulation from qmail-start. tnx BG.
+19960427 change: headerbody now ends header, inserting blank line, if
+         first line of a header field doesn't pass hfield_valid. tnx TG.
+19960427 change: headerbody now prepends MBOX-Line: to any header line
+         starting From_. this lets qmail-inject work with elm's bounce.
+	 tnx OR, K1J, et al.
+19960426 change: added moreinfo arg to qlist and qlist2.
+19960426 change: added signal_uncatchchild() to qmail-send.c. tnx BG.
+         now, if sysadmin sets SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN before invoking
+	 qmail-send [sigh], qmail-send won't screw up bounce messages.
+19960426 change: dns_cname now checks whether last character is ],
+         rather than whether first character is [, for quick return.
+19960426 cleanup: glue is now global in dns.c.
+19960426 cleanup: qmail-remote no longer does stralloc_0 for host and
+         canonhost.
+19960426 change: dns_mxip no longer rejects [foo].bar.
+19960426 change: dns_mxip no longer requires for bracket that input
+         be 0-terminated.
+19960426 change: qmail-start can now take logger as an argument.
+19960426 change: qmail-start now invokes qmail-send in foreground (as
+         parent of other processes).
+19960426 change: added mailsubj. tnx GAW.
+19960426 portability problem: under some systems, can't lock read-only
+         file. impact: maildir2mbox would always fail on those systems.
+	 fix: maildir2mbox now opens a separate lock fd. tnx BG.
+19960426 cleanup: removed unnecessary #!/bin/sh and # AUTO from mctl.sh.
+19960426 change: added qmail-qstat.
+19960426 change: added qmail-qread.8.
+19960426 change: renamed qmail-mailq as qmail-qread.
+19960419 change: qmail-alias now defers delivery rather than skipping
+         blank lines in .qmail.
+19960419 change: in qmail-lspawn.c, lowercased name before getpwnam().
+         really getpwnam() should do this, but oh well.
+19960419 change: added username to qmail-lspawn.c, with LSPAWN_USERLEN
+         in conf-unusual.h. names longer than LSPAWN_USERLEN will skip
+	 getpwnam().
+19960419 change: if qlist doesn't see any cmds, it presumes that you
+         meant to subscribe.
+19960419 change: reorganized qlist acknowledgment format.
+19960415 change: reorganized and rewrote FAQ.
+19960415 change: renamed HOWTO as FAQ.
+19960414 change: in qmail-alias, converted extension to lowercase just
+         before qmeopen(), qmeox() calls. thus EXTENSION and USEREXT and
+	 RECIPIENT will preserve case passed by qmail-lspawn, while
+	 .qmailext lookups will not.
+19960414 change: removed case_lowers(r) from qmail-lspawn.c. tnx JLH.
+19960414 change: moved extension . -> : conversion to just before
+         qmeopen(), qmeox() calls in qmail-alias.c. thus EXTENSION and
+	 USEREXT and RECIPIENT will preserve dots.
+19960414 change: qsmhook -x now does case-independent comparison.
+19960413 change: added procmail instructions to HOWTO.
+19960409 bug: qmail-alias does not check for newlines when it generates
+         Return-Path. impact: resulting Return-Path header field will be
+	 illegal, if sender address contains newline followed by
+	 something other than whitespace. fix: qmail-alias now replaces
+	 newline with underscore in rpline.
+19960409 change: added leaf UUCP description to HOWTO. tnx J2K.
+19960409 change: added -B option to sendmail. tnx OR.
+19960409 change: qlist now makes lists unwritable (after renaming from
+         .qtemp to .qmail). tnx MLH.
+19960409 change: added flagdtline to qsmhook.c, based on -l option.
+19960409 change: added PIPELINING declaration to qmail-smtpd. tnx JGM.
+19960409 change: qmail-smtpd now flushes output instantly after DATA,
+         QUIT, HELO, EHLO, NOOP, VRFY, or any 502.
+19960409 change: qmail-smtpd now flushes output upon read() and death.
+19960409 change: qmail-smtpd no longer flushes output in out().
+19960409 change: increased qmail-smtpd outbuf size from 128 to 512.
+19960409 cleanup: in qmail-smtpd, eliminated ssinit() in favor of FDBUF.
+19960409 bug: qmail-alias produced aliasfoo-owner rather than foo-owner
+         as envelope sender for ~alias/.qmailfoo. tnx DS. impact: wrong
+	 envelope sender whenever ~alias/.qmailfoo-owner existed. fix:
+	 qmail-alias now checks for hyphen at beginning of extension.
+19960409 change: added _ESMTP to end of 220. tnx JLH.
+19960409 change: moved out("\r\n") out of smtp_greet() into callers.
+         this improves the flushing behavior on 221.
+19960328 qmail 0.74, beta.
+19960326 change: changed subdirectory split from 32 to 23.
+19960326 portability problem: some versions of make don't understand
+         that a line with just a tab is blank. impact: couldn't compile
+	 under those systems. fix: eliminated extra tab from Makefile.
+	 tnx TG.
+19960325 change: added qmail-mailq.
+19960325 change: introduced readsubdir.
+19960325 change: qmail-setup makes split; qmail-check checks split.
+19960325 change: used split in qmail-send, qmail-clean, qmail-queue
+         for mess, info, local, remote.
+19960325 change: fmtqfn now supports split queue subdirectories.
+19960325 cleanup: eliminated cat2s().
+19960325 cleanup: introduced fmtqfn.c. used it in qmail-queue.c,
+         qmail-send.c, qmail-clean.c.
+19960325 change: in protocol between qmail-clean and qmail-send, now
+         using intd/ instead of mess/.
+19960325 change: qmail-queue.c and triggerpull.c now work inside queue
+         subdirectory.
+19960325 change: spawn.c now checks whether message is a regular file.
+19960325 change: spawn.c now allows slashes in messid except at
+         beginning.
+19960325 cleanup: introduced fnmake_split in qmail-send.c.
+19960325 cleanup: eliminated strnum in qmail-send.c in favor of
+         fnmake_{info,todo,mess,chanaddr} and fnmake2_bounce.
+19960325 cleanup: introduced strnum3 in qmail-send.c for the logging
+         uses of strnum.
+19960325 cleanup: in qmail-send.c, getinfo() now takes id argument.
+19960325 cleanup: qmail-send.c now preallocates space for fn, fn2.
+19960325 change: time zone is now -0000 instead of +0000. encouraging
+         DRUMS to use this as an i-don't-know-the-local-time indicator.
+19960324 change: qmail-rspawn.c now calls tcpto_clean().
+19960324 cleanup: spawn.c now calls initialize().
+19960324 change: qmail-setup makes lock/tcpto; qmail-check checks it.
+19960324 change: qmail-remote now quickly skips connect() to a host that
+         seems to be down. tnx BP for pressuring me to get this done.
+19960323 change: in qmail-alias.8, renamed mboxg as mboxrd. tnx RD.
+         idea was popularized by RD in June 1995.
+19960322 cleanup: eliminated subfd_init().
+19960322 change: qbiff now removes the word Subject.
+19960322 change: now /bin/true instead of /dev/null in the generic
+         INSTALL.ids instructions. tnx JPR.
+19960322 change: added hfield_skipname(). tnx RN.
+19960322 bug: qmail-inject did not check whether USER needed quoting.
+         impact: if USER had weird characters, the From address would
+	 generally be wrong, unless the user manually set up MAILUSER
+	 with proper quoting. fix: qmail-inject sets up a quoted-string
+	 if necessary.
+19960322 cleanup: separated out quote_need() in quote.c.
+19960322 cleanup: added stralloc_catb.c. used it in qmail-alias.c,
+         qmail-send.c.
+19960322 change: qmail-send now uses a quadratic retry schedule from
+         birth of each message. this also eliminates clustering.
+19960322 cleanup: separated out nextretry() in qmail-send.c.
+19960322 change: qmail-remote now passes all non-@ addresses through
+         without comment, not just <> and <#>.
+19960322 change: replaced # test with anything@[] test in qmail-inject.
+19960322 change: replaced # with #@[] in qlist.c, qmail-alias.c,
+         qmail-send.c, qreceipt.c.
+19960322 change: qmail-lspawn no longer discards messages to <#>.
+19960322 cleanup: in qlist, used str_diff for <> and <#> tests.
+19960322 change: qmail-alias is now back to testing envelope sender for
+         <> and <#>, rather than things without an @.
+19960321 change: added 8BITMIME support to qmail-smtpd.
+19960321 change: added ESMTP support to qmail-smtpd.
+19960318 change: used NEWSENDER in place of SENDER for |forward.
+19960318 change: added NEWSENDER.
+19960318 change: added HCMSSC support to qmail-alias.c.
+19960318 change: added HCMSSC support to spawn.c.
+19960318 change: added HCMSSC support to qmail-remote.c.
+19960318 change: added HCMSSC support to qmail-smtpd.c.
+19960317 portability problem: SCO requires -lsocket -lnsl. impact:
+         couldn't compile under SCO. fix: added SCO section in
+	 make-cmds.sh. tnx JPR. note that this is for OSR 5; 3.2v4.2
+	 will need more fixes, and old 3.2 is basically hopeless.
+19960317 bug: newfield_datemake would leave newfield_date alone if it
+         was already initialized, even though qmail-send calls
+	 newfield_datemake anew for each bounce. impact: bounce messages
+	 would usually have an incorrect Date field. fix: redid
+	 newfield_datemake to update newfield_date each time.
+19960317 change: allowed . and @ in 822 phrases; 822 doesn't allow them,
+         but they do show up. tnx to the DRUMS group.
+19960317 change: replaced GMT with +0000 in date822fmt.c. this confuses
+         a few versions of getdate(), but the DRUMS group is going to
+	 outlaw GMT, not just recommend against it as in 1123.
+19960317 change: redefined ALIAS_EMPTY to take advantage of . for file
+         deliveries. tnx RN.
+19960317 change: qmail-alias now allows . as well as / to start file
+         deliveries. tnx RN.
+19960317 change: qmail-alias now dies (soft) if .qmail is writable to
+         others, rather than silently ignoring it.
+19960317 change: qmail-alias now dies (soft) if flagforwardonly is
+         violated, rather than silently ignoring the bad instructions.
+19960317 change: qmail-alias now ignores x bit on empty .qmail files.
+19960317 bug: if RCPT gave 4xx and DATA gave 5xx, qmail-rspawn would
+         incorrectly assign a permanent failure to that recipient.
+	 impact: in that case, mail would be incorrectly bounced. fix:
+	 remove orr > 0 test from qmail-rspawn.c.
+19960310 change: tcp-env now uses signal_uninit(). [sigh]
+19960310 change: tcp-env now specifically unsets HOST and INFO if they
+         are not applicable. just trying to make it more widely usable.
+19960310 cleanup: used byte_* in remoteinfo.c, ipme.c, tcp-env.c.
+19960310 cleanup: added readwrite.h, eliminated sys.h.
+19960310 cleanup: included byte.h in qmail-send.c.
+19960310 cleanup: eliminated i and j from forward.c's main().
+19960310 cleanup: eliminated wstat from qlist.c.
+19960310 cleanup: eliminated die_nomem() parameter in qmail-setup.c.
+19960310 cleanup: eliminated i from qmail-remote's addrmangle().
+19960310 cleanup: added exit.h.
+19960310 cleanup: split ipalloc.c off of ip.c.
+19960310 cleanup: added fmt_strn.c, eliminated fmt_strncpy.c.
+19960310 change: reorganized INSTALL to do some pre-upgrade tests.
+         tnx RN.
+19960310 change: reordered steps in upgrade procedure in INSTALL.
+19960308 change: eliminated ownership test in qmail-alias.c. tnx DS.
+19960304 change: in SECURITY, ``six most recent sendmail security
+         holes'' -> ``seven most recent sendmail security holes.''
+19960303 qmail 0.73, beta.
+19960303 change: added SYSDEPS.
+19960303 cleanup: revamped select.h autoconfiguration.
+19960303 cleanup: revamped fork.h autoconfiguration.
+19960303 cleanup: revamped direntry.h autoconfiguration. target is now
+         direntry.h; auto-hasdrent.h is gone.
+19960303 change: tryflock.c now includes <sys/types.h>, for consistency
+         with lock.c. may affect portability.
+19960302 portability problem: under BSDI, can't set sticky on normal
+         files. dorks. impact: the new qlist doesn't work under BSDI;
+         be glad I test things before release. fix: qmail-alias and
+         qlist now use executable instead of sticky.
+19960302 change: gfrom now quotes >From and >>From etc. as well as From;
+         in other words, I'm switching from mbox format to mboxg format.
+19960302 cleanup: added gfrom.c. used it in qmail-alias.c, maildir2mbox.c.
+19960302 change: addbounce() now substitutes \n\n -> \n/ in reports,
+	 and \n -> _ in recips. thus bounces can now be reliably parsed.
+19960302 change: if qmail-send had trouble reading the original message
+	 or the list of addresses for a bounce, it used to give up and
+	 send a bounce with "Oh no! I had trouble reading the rest of
+	 your message" or some such. now it aborts the bounce attempt
+	 and tries again later.
+19960302 cleanup: added qqtalk_fail(). used it in qmail-alias.c,
+         qmail-smtpd.c.
+19960302 bug: if mailforward() had trouble reading message (e.g.,
+         because of an I/O error), it marked an error but kept reading.
+	 impact: could loop forever. fix: upon error, break.
+19960302 change: maildir2mbox now scans (restrictively) for return-path.
+19960302 change: qbiff now prints subject and body, up to 74 chars.
+19960302 change: added H_SUBJECT to hfield.
+19960302 change: qbiff now puts TO before FROM.
+19960301 cleanup: added fmt_str.c. used it in many places.
+19960301 change: qmail-send now says something if you've told it to exit
+         but it's waiting for some deliveries. tnx RN.
+19960301 change: qmail-alias -n now continues (with warning) if home
+         directory is sticky. tnx RN.
+19960301 change: improved usage messages in qmail-alias.c. tnx RN.
+19960301 change: put limit on length of addresses in qlist.
+19960301 change: added exit 99 support to qmail-alias. tnx RN.
+19960301 change: qmail-alias now exits immediately on temporary or
+         permanent error. rewrote section in qmail-alias.8 accordingly.
+19960301 cleanup: eliminated flagsuccesses from qmail-alias.c.
+19960301 change: added usermap.
+19960301 bug: failure to append to mbox was a permanent error. impact:
+	 if mbox was temporarily unopenable (e.g., because fds were
+	 low), mail would be incorrectly bounced. fix: failure is now
+	 temporary. tnx DS.
+19960229 change: qmail-alias now preserves any envelope sender that
+         doesn't contain an @, not just <> and <#>.
+19960229 cleanup: revamped byte_* interface.
+19960229 cleanup: renamed str_cpy as str_copy.
+19960229 cleanup: added str_chr.c. used it in qbiff.c, qmail-smtpd.c.
+19960229 cleanup: added str_rchr.c. used it in qmail-send.c, quote.c,
+         qmail-remote.c.
+19960229 cleanup: added byte_rchr.c. used it in qmail-smtpd.c, spawn.c.
+19960229 cleanup: used USEREXT instead of RECIPIENT in qsmhook.c.
+19960229 cleanup: used USEREXT instead of RECIPIENT in qbiff.c.
+19960229 cleanup: removed j and k from rewrite() in qmail-send.c.
+19960229 portability problem: under HP-UX 10 and Solaris 2.5, can't
+         setgroups()/setgid() to the system's nogroup/nobody gid. dorks.
+	 impact: inetd chokes, so all SMTP connections are rejected; and
+	 ``alias'' mail, including postmaster, bounces. fix: in
+	 INSTALL.ids, set up a separate powerless gid (tentatively
+	 ``nofiles'') for qmaild and alias. tnx DS and PJG.
+19960229 change: qreceipt now uses qqtalk rather than qmail-inject.
+19960229 change: qlist now uses qqtalk rather than qmail-inject.
+19960229 change: incorporated qmail-setup patch from RN for better
+         error messages.
+19960228 change: added LSPAWN_BREAK in conf-unusual.h; used it in
+         lspawn.c. configurability requested by PJG.
+19960228 portability problem: on several systems, including everything
+         from DEC, select() on a pipe reader returns 1 if there aren't
+	 any writers yet. pointed out by DS. impact: qmail-send chewed
+	 up lots of CPU time. fix: trigger_set() now opens the pipe for
+	 writing after opening it for reading. also added trynpbg1; on
+	 working systems, no point in wasting the extra fd.
+19960228 change: qmail-alias uses .qmail sticky bit for forwardonly.
+19960228 change: qlist now sets sticky bit on .qmail file.
+19960228 change: un-documented +list.
+19960228 portability problem: on HP-UX and possibly other systems, the
+         supplementary group list does not include the gid. pointed out
+	 by DS. impact: on those systems, tryshsgr could incorrectly set
+	 hasshsgr; this would prevent qmail-send from running. fix: if
+	 tryshsgr sees that getgroups() returns 0, now it actively sets
+	 up a supplementary group list. added chkshsgr to make sure the
+	 setgroups() will work.
+19960227 cleanup: eliminated GETSHORT in dns.c in favor of getshort().
+19960227 cleanup: deleted h->len < 3 test from qlist.c:dobody. tnx RN.
+19960227 change: replaced ~ with $HOME in INSTALL.mbox.
+19960227 change: added note about setgid-mail bits to INSTALL.mbox.
+19960227 change: added forward.1.
+19960227 change: modified forward to allow multiple addresses.
+19960227 change: modified forward to take an entire address, not just a
+         hostname.
+19960227 change: renamed qrelay as forward.
+19960227 change: added USEREXT support to qmail-alias.
+19960227 change: added -F to sendmail. the need for this was pointed
+         out by RN.
+19960227 change: added 2 bytes of slop in alloc().
+19960227 bug: received_setup() was not allowing space for the final \0.
+         impact: none; the line length is always between 65 and 75
+	 characters, which gives at least 45 characters of slop with
+	 existing malloc() implementations. fix: leave space. tnx NH.
+	 note that the bug here is really in fmt_strncpy, which was
+	 written before i was truly free of the curse of libc.a.
+19960227 change: added ALIAS_EMPTY in conf-unusual.h; used it in
+         qmail-alias.c. tnx PJG.
+19960227 change: added SPAWN_NUMD in conf-unusual.h; used it in spawn.c.
+19960227 change: added conf-unusual.h.
+19960227 cleanup: replaced sizeof(short) with 2 in dns.c.
+19960227 portability problem: on an Alpha, long is 64 bits. pointed out
+         by DS. impact: address lookups produced incorrect results on an
+	 Alpha; qmail-makectl and qmail-remote failed. fix: replaced
+	 sizeof(long) with 4 in dns.c.
+19960227 portability problem: on an Alpha, bzero() is declared properly
+         via sys/time.h. impact: couldn't compile on an Alpha. fix:
+	 removed bzero() declaration from select.h. tnx DS.
+19960227 portability problem: under SCO, sys/file.h is not protected.
+         impact: couldn't compile under SCO. fix: include sys/types.h in
+	 lock.c. tnx RN.
+19960219 change: added some .qmail-list hints to qlist.1.
+19960219 change: added +list support to qmail-alias.
+19960215 change: added THANKS.
+19960212 bug: foo was not initialized in qrelay.c. impact: depends on
+         the machine; on some machines, no effect; on other machines,
+	 guaranteed core dump. fix: initialized foo. tnx DS.
+19960209 qmail 0.72, beta.
+19960209 change: qmail-alias now replaces dot, not slash, with colon.
+	 also, qmeopen() makes sure that .qmail file is S_IFREG; I hope
+	 this doesn't cause portability problems.
+19960209 change: added success-reporting procedure to INSTALL.
+19960208 change: added VERSION.
+19960208 change: added qlist2.
+19960208 change: revamped qlist interface. tnx RN.
+19960208 change: improved an error message in qlist.c.
+19960208 change: added qrelay. added relay section to HOWTO. tnx DS.
+19960208 cleanup: included substdio.h in qqtalk.h.
+19960207 bug: prioq_delmin() wasn't guaranteeing heap structure on the
+         last element. impact: scheduled passes could have been delayed,
+	 conceivably as long as half an hour. fix: prioq_delmin() now
+	 checks when it can safely move the last element.
+19960207 change: added maildirmake.1, maildir2mbox.1.
+19960206 change: revised logo paragraph in THOUGHTS.
+19960206 change: replaced nowhere.org with nowhere.mil in examples.
+         nowhere.org is a real domain... [sigh]
+19960206 change: added qreceipt.1.
+19960206 portability problem: IRIX doesn't have vfork. pointed out by
+         DS. impact: couldn't compile under IRIX. fix: added fork.h,
+	 tryvfork.c.
+19960206 portability problem: IRIX doesn't have ranlib. pointed out by
+         DS. impact: couldn't compile under IRIX. fix: added IRIX
+	 section in make-cmds.sh.
+19960205 cleanup: removed warning from substdio_copy() documentation; in
+         fact, substdio_copy() can be used safely on a fed substdio.
+19960205 change: added qbiff.1.
+19960204 change: implemented localnet. removed relevant paragraph from
+         THOUGHTS. tnx IS.
+19960204 change: in qmail-remote.8, explained the dangers of smarthost.
+         tnx IS.
+19960204 change: implemented virtualdomains wildcards. tnx JLH.
+19960203 change: qmail-send now handles virtualdomains _after_ locals.
+         updated INSTALL.qsmhook appropriately.
+19960203 change: added note to INSTALL.alias about ~ftp, ~www, ~uucp
+         being owned by root.
+19960130 cleanup: in qlist.c, renamed flagremoved as flagwasthere.
+19960130 bug: qmail-send did not pay attention to flagexitasap in
+         pass_dochan(). impact: qmail-send would happily start new
+	 deliveries even if it wanted to exit. fix: qmail-send now
+	 returns immediately in pass_selprep() and pass_dochan() if
+	 flagexitasap.
+19960130 change: in qlist.c and qlist.1, renamed ext as list.
+19960130 change: in qlist.c and qlist.1, renamed manager as owner.
+19960129 qmail 0.71, beta.
+19960129 change: mentioned djb-qmailbeta in README. tnx MWE.
+19960129 change: added a note to INSTALL.mbox making clear that
+         Mailbox is in mbox format. tnx MWE.
+19960129 change: qlist now warns you if it didn't see any cmds. tnx RN.
+19960129 change: incorporated qlist patch from RN to refuse double subs. 
+19960129 change: added qlist.1, contributed by RN. mangled it a bit.
+19960129 bug: comment was not allowed in ``phrase (comment) <route>'';
+         pointed out by RN. impact: some correct address lists could be
+	 mis-parsed by qmail-inject or qlist. fix: token.c now allows
+	 TOKEN_COMMENT in the appropriate scan.
+19960128 change: added a logo paragraph to THOUGHTS.
+19960127 change: implemented rcpthosts.
+19960127 change: split up some uses of putflush in qmail-remote,
+	 qmail-smtpd, spawn.c. eliminated NODELAY and corresponding
+	 paragraph in THOUGHTS.
+19960127 change: added quote2(). used it in qmail-alias, qmail-send,
+         qreceipt. now addresses are properly quoted in the From, To,
+	 and internal Return-Path of bounces; the From and To of
+	 receipts; and the Return-Path/RPLINE of delivered messages.
+	 removed relevant paragraph from THOUGHTS.
+19960127 change: in RFCLOOPS, documented fact that Delivered-To address
+         is conventionally not quoted.
+19960127 change: knocked default SMTP timeouts down to 20 minutes.
+19960127 change: added INSTALL.ids. tnx RN.
+19960127 change: in INSTALL, noted that nogroup should already exist.
+19960127 bug: pass_selprep checked pqchan[c] even if pass[c].id. impact:
+	 qmail-send wasted CPU time whenever more than one message was
+	 waiting on a blocked channel. fix: pass_selprep now checks
+	 !pass[c].id.
+19960127 bug: programs invoked from qmail-alias were immune to SIGPIPE.
+         impact: a delivery pipeline such as |yes|head -1000 would loop
+	 forever, since yes does not check for write errors. fix: added
+	 signal_uninit(). used it before execvp in qmail-alias. [sigh]
+19960127 cleanup: added date822fmt.c. used it in newfield.c, qmail-queue.
+19960127 cleanup: added fmt_uint0.c. used it in myctime.c, newfield.c,
+         qmail-queue.
+19960127 cleanup: added dnsdoe.c. used it in dnscname, dnsfq, dnsip,
+         dnsmxip, dnsptr.
+19960127 cleanup: eliminated temp from dnsfq.c.
+19960127 bug: gen_allocdefs was making assumptions incompatible with the
+         alloc_re interface. impact: qmail-send would dump core if you
+	 ran out of memory. fix: changed alloc_re interface.
+19960126 portability problem: some versions of Linux don't have
+         net/route.h. pointed out by RN. impact: couldn't compile under
+	 those versions. fix: ipme.c no longer includes net/route.h;
+	 hopefully this won't cause new portability problems.
+19960126 change: added chmod instructions to INSTALL and INSTALL.alias.
+         tnx RN.
+19960126 change: INSTALL now refers to the traditional sendmail spot
+         (/usr/lib), not the BSD 4.4 spot (/usr/sbin). tnx RN.
+19960126 change: make auto-uids.h now creates auto-uids.h.tmp first.
+	 thus, if someone disobeys the installation instructions, and
+	 his make fails to remove targets upon error, he'll still be
+	 okay. tnx RN.
+19960126 change: added forgeries.7.
+19960125 cleanup: eliminated flagverbose, flagmetoo in sendmail.
+19960125 cleanup: added substdio_copy.c. used it at several spots.
+19960125 cleanup: added constmap.c. qmail-send now uses constmap for
+         locals and virtualdomains. this will speed things up: no
+	 problem now to have thousands of virtual domains. removed
+	 relevant paragraph from THOUGHTS.
+19960125 change: added linux section in find-systype. this will affect
+         linux-* systypes. tnx RN for relevant info.
+19960124 change: added -od, -oe, -p, -f to sendmail. the need for
+         these was pointed out by TN.
+19960124 bug: qmail-smtpd was reading from descriptor 1. impact: none;
+         in normal use, both 0 and 1 point to the network. fix: changed
+	 1 to 0.
+19960124 bug: qmail-alias treated any .qmail open failure as permanent.
+         impact: if a .qmail file was temporarily unopenable (e.g.,
+	 because of NFS), it was incorrectly ignored. fix: qmail-alias
+	 now dies QLX_SOFT on any open failure other than ENOENT.
+19960124 change: added freebsd section in find-systype, same as bsd.os
+         section. this will affect freebsd-* systypes.
+19960124 cleanup: find-systype now immediately converts sys to lowercase.
+19960124 change: qmail-setup now copies man pages into /var/qmail/man;
+         qmail-check checks /var/qmail/man. using .0 style, which might
+	 cause trouble on various machines, but better than not trying.
+19960124 change: in qmail-remote.c, changed perm_control to temp_control
+         (and D to Z, thanks); thus failure to read control files (e.g.,
+	 because of permissions) is now a temporary error.
+19960124 bug: in qmail-remote.c, temp_chdir() used D, not Z. impact: if
+         chdir() to CONF_HOME failed (e.g., because of NFS), message
+	 would be bounced. fix: changed D to Z.
+19960124 change: reorganized README.
+19960124 portability problem: Linux has the fifo kernel bug that I had
+         hoped I'd never run into. impact: messages under Linux (and any
+	 other systems with this bug) were picked up only in sweeps, not
+	 instantly. fix: triggerpull.c now writes a byte (non-blocking)
+	 to the fifo. updated INTERNALS accordingly.
+19960124 bug: in qmail-remote.c, if quit() saw a remote write error, it
+         would call writeerr() even though a message report had already
+	 been produced. impact: the mess report would include an extra
+	 ``ZConnected but communications failed,'' which was confusing
+	 to humans. fix: quit() now simply skips the wait-for-QUIT
+	 smtpcode() upon write error.
+19960124 portability problem: Linux does not have SIGSYS or SIGEMT.
+         impact: couldn't compile under Linux. fix: added appropriate
+	 ifdefs in signal.c.
+19960124 qmail 0.70, beta.
diff --git a/FAQ b/FAQ
@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+1. Controlling the appearance of outgoing messages
+1.1. How do I set up host masquerading?
+1.2. How do I set up user masquerading?
+
+2. Routing outgoing messages
+2.1. How do I send local messages to another host?
+2.2. How do I set up a null client?
+2.3. How do I send outgoing mail through UUCP?
+2.4. How do I set up a separate queue for a SLIP/PPP link?
+2.5. How do I deal with ``CNAME lookup failed temporarily''?
+
+3. Routing incoming messages by host
+3.1. How do I receive mail for another host name?
+3.2. How do I set up a virtual domain?
+3.3. How do I set up several virtual domains for one user?
+
+4. Routing incoming messages by user
+4.1. How do I forward unrecognized usernames to another host?
+4.2. How do I set up a mailing list?
+4.3. How do I use majordomo with qmail?
+4.4. How do I use procmail with qmail?
+4.5. How do I use elm's filter with qmail?
+4.6. How do I create aliases with dots?
+
+5. Setting up servers
+5.1. How do I run qmail-smtpd under tcpserver?
+5.2. How do I set up qmail-qmtpd?
+5.3. How do I set up qmail-pop3d?
+5.4. How do I allow selected clients to use this host as a relay?
+5.5. How do I fix up messages from broken SMTP clients?
+
+6. Configuring MUAs to work with qmail
+6.1. How do I make BSD mail generate a Date with the local time zone?
+6.2. How do I stop pine from crashing?
+6.3. How do I make MH work with qmail?
+6.4. How do I stop Sun's dtcm from hanging?
+
+7. Managing the mail system
+7.1. How do I safely stop qmail-send?
+7.2. How do I manually run the queue?
+7.3. How do I rejuvenate a message?
+7.4. How do I organize a big network?
+7.5. How do I back up and restore the queue disk?
+
+8. Miscellany
+8.1. How do I tell qmail to do more deliveries at once?
+8.2. How do I keep a copy of all incoming and outgoing mail messages?
+8.3. How do I switch slowly from sendmail to qmail?
+
+
+
+1. Controlling the appearance of outgoing messages
+
+
+1.1. How do I set up host masquerading? All the users on this host,
+zippy.af.mil, are users on af.mil. When joe sends a message to fred, the
+message should say ``From: joe@af.mil'' and ``To: fred@af.mil'', without
+``zippy'' anywhere.
+
+Answer: echo af.mil > /var/qmail/control/defaulthost; chmod 644
+/var/qmail/control/defaulthost.
+
+
+1.2. How do I set up user masquerading? I'd like my own From lines to
+show boss@af.mil rather than god@heaven.af.mil.
+
+Answer: Add MAILHOST=af.mil and MAILUSER=boss to your environment. To
+override From lines supplied by your MUA, add QMAILINJECT=f to your
+environment.
+
+
+
+2. Routing outgoing messages
+
+
+2.1. How do I send local messages to another host? All the mail for
+af.mil should be delivered to our disk server, pokey.af.mil. I've set up
+an MX from af.mil to pokey.af.mil, but when a user on the af.mil host
+sends a message to boss@af.mil, af.mil tries to deliver it locally. How
+do I stop that?
+
+Answer: Remove af.mil from /var/qmail/control/locals. If qmail-send is
+running, give it a HUP. Make sure the MX is set up properly before you
+do this. Also make sure that pokey can receive mail for af.mil---see
+question 3.1.
+
+
+2.2. How do I set up a null client? I'd like zippy.af.mil to
+send all mail to bigbang.af.mil.
+
+Answer: echo :bigbang.af.mil > /var/qmail/control/smtproutes;
+chmod 644 /var/qmail/control/smtproutes. Disable local delivery as in
+question 2.1. Turn off qmail-smtpd in /etc/inetd.conf.
+
+
+2.3. How do I send outgoing mail through UUCP? I need qmail to send all
+outgoing mail via UUCP to my upstream UUCP site, gonzo.
+
+Answer: Put
+
+   :alias-uucp
+
+into control/virtualdomains and
+
+   |preline -df /usr/bin/uux - -r -gC -a"$SENDER" gonzo!rmail "($EXT2@$HOST)"
+
+into ~alias/.qmail-uucp-default. (For some UUCP software you will need
+to use -d instead of -df. Also, you may need to insert a space between
+-a and "$SENDER" for bounces to work properly.) If qmail-send is
+running, give it a HUP.
+
+
+2.4. How do I set up a separate queue for a SLIP/PPP link?
+
+Answer: Use serialmail (http://pobox.com/~djb/serialmail.html).
+
+
+2.5. How do I deal with ``CNAME lookup failed temporarily''? The log
+showed that a message was deferred for this reason. Why is qmail doing
+CNAME lookups, anyway?
+
+Answer: The SMTP standard does not permit aliased hostnames, so qmail
+has to do a CNAME lookup in DNS for every sender and recipient host. If
+the relevant DNS server is down, qmail defers the message. It will try
+again soon.
+
+
+
+3. Routing incoming messages by host
+
+
+3.1. How do I receive mail for another host name? I'd like our disk
+server, pokey.af.mil, to receive mail addressed to af.mil. I've set up
+an MX from af.mil to pokey.af.mil, but how do I get pokey to treat
+af.mil as a name for the local host?
+
+Answer: Add af.mil to /var/qmail/control/locals and to
+/var/qmail/control/rcpthosts. If qmail-send is running, give it a HUP.
+
+
+3.2. How do I set up a virtual domain? I'd like any mail for
+nowhere.mil, including root@nowhere.mil and postmaster@nowhere.mil and
+so on, to be delivered to Bob. I've set up the MX already.
+
+Answer: Put
+
+   nowhere.mil:bob
+
+into control/virtualdomains. Add nowhere.mil to control/rcpthosts. If
+qmail-send is running, give it a HUP.
+
+Now mail for whatever@nowhere.mil will be delivered locally to
+bob-whatever. Bob can set up ~bob/.qmail-default to catch all the
+possible addresses, ~bob/.qmail-info to catch info@nowhere.mil, etc.
+
+
+3.3. How do I set up several virtual domains for one user? Bob wants
+another virtual domain, everywhere.org, but he wants to handle
+nowhere.mil users and everywhere.org users differently. How can we do
+that without setting up a second account?
+
+Answer: Put two lines into control/virtualdomains:
+
+   nowhere.mil:bob-nowhere
+   everywhere.org:bob-everywhere
+
+Add nowhere.mil and everywhere.org to control/rcpthosts. If qmail-send
+is running, give it a HUP.
+
+Now Bob can set up separate .qmail-nowhere-* and everywhere-* files. He
+can even set up .qmail-nowhere-default and .qmail-everywhere-default.
+
+
+
+4. Routing incoming messages by user
+
+
+4.1. How do I forward unrecognized usernames to another host? I'd like
+to set up a LUSER_RELAY pointing at bigbang.af.mil.
+
+Answer: Put
+
+   | forward "$LOCAL"@bigbang.af.mil
+
+into ~alias/.qmail-default.
+
+
+4.2. How do I set up a mailing list? I'd like me-sos@my.host.name to be
+forwarded to a bunch of people.
+
+Answer: Put a list of addresses into ~me/.qmail-sos, one per line. Then
+incoming mail for me-sos will be forwarded to each of those addresses.
+You should also touch ~me/.qmail-sos-owner so that bounces come back to
+you rather than the original sender. If you want subscriptions to be
+handled automatically, put
+
+   | qlist2 sos my.host.name
+
+into ~me/.qmail-sos-request. Anyone who wants to subscribe can simply
+send a message to me-sos-request@my.host.name.
+
+
+4.3. How do I use majordomo with qmail?
+
+Answer: You need to patch majordomo so that it creates qmail-style
+lists. See ftp://koobera.math.uic.edu/pub/software/majordomo+qmail.gz.
+Exception: qmsmac understands sendmail-style :include: files, so you
+shouldn't patch majordomo if you're using qmsmac.
+
+
+4.4. How do I use procmail with qmail?
+
+Answer: Put 
+
+   | preline procmail
+
+into ~/.qmail. You'll have to use a full path for procmail unless
+procmail is in the system's startup PATH. Note that procmail will try to
+deliver to /usr/spool/mail/$USER by default; to change this, change
+SYSTEM_MBOX in procmail's config.h.
+
+
+4.5. How do I use elm's filter with qmail?
+
+Answer: Put 
+
+   | preline filter
+
+into ~/.qmail. You'll have to use a full path for filter unless filter
+is in the system's startup PATH.
+
+
+4.6. How do I create aliases with dots? I tried setting up
+~alias/.qmail-P.D.Q.Bach, but it doesn't do anything.
+
+Answer: Use .qmail-p:d:q:bach. Dots are converted to colons, and
+uppercase is converted to lowercase.
+
+
+
+5. Setting up servers
+
+
+5.1. How do I run qmail-smtpd under tcpserver? inetd is barfing at high
+loads, cutting off service for ten-minute stretches. I'd also like
+better connection logging.
+
+Answer: First, install the tcpserver program, part of the ucspi-tcp
+package (http://pobox.com/~djb/ucspi-tcp.html). Second, remove the smtp
+line from /etc/inetd.conf, and put the line
+
+   tcpserver -u 7770 -g 2108 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd &
+
+into your system startup files. Replace 7770 with your qmaild uid, and
+replace 2108 with your nofiles gid. Don't forget the &. The change will
+take effect at your next reboot.
+
+By default, tcpserver allows at most 40 simultaneous qmail-smtpd
+processes. To raise this limit to 400, use tcpserver -c 400. To keep
+track of who's connecting and for how long, run (on two lines)
+
+   tcpserver -v -u 7770 -g 2108 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd \
+   2>&1 | /var/qmail/bin/splogger smtpd 3 &
+
+
+5.2. How do I set up qmail-qmtpd?
+
+Answer: Two steps. First, put a
+
+   qmtp 209/tcp
+
+line into /etc/services. Second, put (all on one line)
+
+   qmtp stream tcp nowait qmaild
+   /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env tcp-env /var/qmail/bin/qmail-qmtpd
+
+into /etc/inetd.conf, and give inetd a HUP.
+
+If you have tcpserver installed, skip the inetd step, and set up
+
+   tcpserver -u 7770 -g 2108 0 qmtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-qmtpd &
+
+replacing 7770 and 2108 with the qmaild uid and nofiles gid. See
+question 5.1 for more details.
+
+
+5.3. How do I set up qmail-pop3d?
+
+Answer: Four steps. First, install the checkpassword program
+(http://pobox.com/~djb/checkpwd.html). Second, make sure you have a
+
+   pop3 110/tcp
+
+line in /etc/services. Third, put (all on one line)
+
+   pop3 stream tcp nowait root /var/qmail/bin/qmail-popup
+   qmail-popup YOURHOST /bin/checkpassword /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d Maildir
+
+into /etc/inetd.conf, and give inetd a HUP; replace YOURHOST with your
+host's fully qualified domain name. Fourth, set up Maildir delivery for
+any user who wants to read mail via POP.
+
+If you have tcpserver installed, skip the inetd step, and set up (on two
+lines)
+
+   tcpserver 0 pop3 /var/qmail/bin/qmail-popup YOURHOST \
+   /bin/checkpassword /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d Maildir &
+
+replacing YOURHOST with your host's fully qualified domain name. See
+question 5.1 for more details.
+
+Security note: pop3d should be used only within a secure network;
+otherwise an eavesdropper can steal passwords.
+
+
+5.4. How do I allow selected clients to use this host as a relay? I see
+that qmail-smtpd rejects messages to any host not listed in
+control/rcpthosts. I know I could entirely disable this feature by
+removing control/rcpthosts, but I want to be more selective.
+
+Answer: Three steps. First, install tcp-wrappers, available separately,
+including hosts_options. Second, change your qmail-smtpd line in
+inetd.conf to
+
+   smtp stream tcp nowait qmaild /usr/local/bin/tcpd
+   /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd
+
+(all on one line) and give inetd a HUP. Third, in tcpd's hosts.allow,
+make a line setting the environment variable RELAYCLIENT to the empty
+string for the selected clients:
+
+   tcp-env: 1.2.3.4, 1.2.3.5: setenv = RELAYCLIENT
+
+Here 1.2.3.4 and 1.2.3.5 are the clients' IP addresses. qmail-smtpd
+ignores control/rcpthosts when RELAYCLIENT is set. (It also appends
+RELAYCLIENT to each envelope recipient address. See question 5.5 for an
+application.)
+
+Alternative procedure, if you are using tcpserver: Install tcpcontrol
+(http://pobox.com/~djb/tcpcontrol.html). Create /etc/tcp.smtp containing
+
+   1.2.3.6:allow,RELAYCLIENT=""
+   127.:allow,RELAYCLIENT=""
+
+to allow clients with IP addresses 1.2.3.6 and 127.*. Run
+
+   tcpmakectl /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb /etc/tcp.smtp.tmp < /etc/tcp.smtp
+
+Finally, insert
+
+   tcpcontrol /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb
+
+before /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd in your tcpserver line.
+
+
+5.5. How do I fix up messages from broken SMTP clients?
+
+Answer: Three steps. First, put
+
+   | [ "@$HOST" = "@fixme" ] || ( echo Permission denied; exit 100 )
+   | qmail-inject -f "$SENDER" -- "$EXT2"
+
+into ~alias/.qmail-fixup-default. Second, put
+
+   fixme:fixup
+
+into /var/qmail/control/virtualdomains, and give qmail-send a HUP.
+Third, follow the procedure in question 5.4, but set RELAYCLIENT to the
+string ``@fixme'':
+
+   tcp-env: 1.2.3.6, 1.2.3.7: setenv = RELAYCLIENT @fixme
+
+Here 1.2.3.6 and 1.2.3.7 are the clients' IP addresses. If you are using
+tcpserver and tcpcontrol instead of inetd and tcpd, put
+
+   1.2.3.6:allow,RELAYCLIENT="@fixme"
+   1.2.3.7:allow,RELAYCLIENT="@fixme"
+
+into /etc/tcp.smtp, and run tcpmakectl as in question 5.4.
+
+
+
+6. Configuring MUAs to work with qmail
+
+
+6.1. How do I make BSD mail generate a Date with the local time zone?
+When I send mail, I'd rather use the local time zone than GMT, since
+some MUAs don't know how to display Date in the receiver's time zone.
+
+Answer: Put
+
+   set sendmail=/var/qmail/bin/datemail
+
+into your .mailrc or your system-wide Mail.rc. Beware that BSD mail is
+neither secure nor reliable.
+
+
+6.2. How do I stop pine from crashing? When I ask any version of pine
+past 3.91 to send mail, it crashes.
+
+Answer: Put
+
+   sendmail-path=/usr/lib/sendmail -oem -oi -t
+
+into /usr/local/lib/pine.conf. (This will work with sendmail too.)
+Beware that pine is neither secure nor reliable.
+
+
+6.3. How do I make MH work with qmail?
+
+Answer: Put
+
+   postproc: /usr/mh/lib/spost
+
+into each user's .mh_profile. (This will work with sendmail too.) Beware
+that MH is neither secure nor reliable.
+
+
+6.4. How do I stop Sun's dtcm from hanging?
+
+Answer: There is a novice programming error in dtcm, known as ``failure
+to close the output side of the pipe in the child.'' Sun has, at the
+time of this writing, not yet provided a patch. Sorry.
+
+
+
+7. Managing the mail system
+
+
+7.1. How do I safely stop qmail-send? Back when we were running
+sendmail, it was always tricky to kill sendmail without risking the loss
+of current deliveries; what should I do with qmail-send?
+
+Answer: Go ahead and kill the qmail-send process. It will shut down
+cleanly. Wait for ``exiting'' to show up in the log. To restart it, run
+qmail-start the same way as it's run from your system boot scripts.
+
+
+7.2. How do I manually run the queue? I'd like qmail to try delivering
+all the remote messages right now.
+
+Answer: Give the qmail-send process an ALRM.
+
+
+7.3. How do I rejuvenate a message? Somebody broke into Eric's computer
+again; it's going to be down for at least another two days. I know Eric
+has been expecting an important message---in fact, I see it sitting here
+in /var/qmail/queue/mess/15/26902. It's been in the queue for six days;
+how can I make sure it isn't bounced tomorrow?
+
+Answer: Just touch /var/qmail/queue/info/15/26902. (This is the only
+form of queue modification that's safe while qmail is running.)
+
+
+7.4. How do I organize a big network? I have a lot of machines, and I
+don't know where to start.
+
+Answer: First, choose the domain name where your users will receive
+mail. This is normally the shortest domain name you control. If you are
+in charge of *.movie.edu, you can use addresses like joe@movie.edu.
+
+Second, choose the machine that will know what to do with different
+users at movie.edu. Set up a host name in DNS for this machine:
+
+   mailhost.movie.edu IN A 1.2.3.4
+   4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN PTR mailhost.movie.edu
+
+Here 1.2.3.4 is the IP address of that machine.
+
+Third, make a list of machines where mail should end up. For example, if
+mail for Bob should end up on Bob's workstation, put Bob's workstation
+onto the list. For each of these machines, set up a host name in DNS:
+
+   bobshost.movie.edu IN A 1.2.3.7
+   7.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa IN PTR bobshost.movie.edu
+
+Fourth, install qmail on bobshost.movie.edu. qmail will automatically
+configure itself to accept messages for bob@bobshost.movie.edu and
+deliver them to ~bob/Mailbox on bobshost. Do the same for the other
+machines where mail should end up.
+
+Fifth, install qmail on mailhost.movie.edu. Put
+
+   movie.edu:alias-movie
+
+into control/virtualdomains on mailhost. Then forward bob@movie.edu to
+bob@bobshost.movie.edu, by putting
+
+   bob@bobshost.movie.edu
+
+into ~alias/.qmail-movie-bob. Do the same for other users.
+
+Sixth, put movie.edu into control/rcpthosts on mailhost.movie.edu, so
+that mailhost.movie.edu will accept messages for users at movie.edu.
+
+Seventh, set up an MX record in DNS to deliver movie.edu messages to
+mailhost:
+
+   movie.edu IN MX 10 mailhost.movie.edu
+
+Eighth, on all your machines, put movie.edu into control/defaulthost.
+
+
+7.5. How do I back up and restore the queue disk?
+
+Answer: You can't.
+
+One difficulty is that you can't get a consistent snapshot of the queue
+while qmail-send is running. Another difficulty is that messages in the
+queue must have filenames that match their inode numbers.
+
+However, the big problem is that backups---even twice-daily backups---
+are far too unreliable for mail. If your disk dies, there will be very
+little overlap between the messages saved in the last backup and the
+messages that were lost.
+
+There are several ways to add real reliability to a mail server. Battery
+backups will keep your server alive, letting you park the disk to avoid
+a head crash, when the power goes out. Solid-state disks have their own
+battery backups. RAID boxes let you replace dead disks without losing
+any data.
+
+
+
+8. Miscellany
+
+
+8.1. How do I tell qmail to do more deliveries at once? It's running
+only 20 parallel qmail-remote processes.
+
+Answer: Decide how many deliveries you want to allow at once. Put that
+number into control/concurrencyremote. Restart qmail-send as in question
+7.1. If your system has resource limits, make sure you set the
+descriptors limit to at least double the concurrency plus 5; otherwise
+you'll get lots of unnecessary deferrals whenever a big burst of mail
+shows up. Note that qmail also imposes a compile-time concurrency limit,
+120 by default; this is set in conf-spawn.
+
+
+8.2. How do I keep a copy of all incoming and outgoing mail messages?
+
+Answer: Set QUEUE_EXTRA to "Tlog\0" and QUEUE_EXTRALEN to 5 in extra.h.
+Recompile qmail. Put ./msg-log into ~alias/.qmail-log.
+
+You can also use QUEUE_EXTRA to, e.g., record the Message-ID of every
+message: run
+
+   | awk '/^$/ { exit } /^[mM][eE][sS][sS][aA][gG][eE]-/ { print }'
+
+from ~alias/.qmail-log.
+
+
+8.3. How do I switch slowly from sendmail to qmail? I'm thinking of
+moving the heaven.af.mil network over to qmail, but first I'd like to
+give my users a chance to try out qmail without affecting current
+sendmail deliveries. We're using NFS.
+
+Answer: Find a host in your network, say pc.heaven.af.mil, that isn't
+running an SMTP server. (If addresses at pc.heaven.af.mil are used, you
+should already have an MX pointing pc.heaven.af.mil to your mail hub.)
+
+Set up a new MX record pointing lists.heaven.af.mil to pc.heaven.af.mil.
+Install qmail on pc.heaven.af.mil. Replace pc with lists in the control
+files. Make the qmail man pages available on all your machines.
+
+Now tell your users about qmail. A user can forward joe@heaven.af.mil to
+joe@lists.heaven.af.mil to get ~/Mailbox delivery; he can set up .qmail
+files; he can start running his own mailing lists @lists.heaven.af.mil.
+
+When you're ready to turn sendmail off, you can set up pc.heaven.af.mil
+as your new mail hub. Add heaven.af.mil to control/locals, and change
+the heaven.af.mil MX to point to pc.heaven.af.mil. Make sure you leave
+lists.heaven.af.mil in control/locals so that transition addresses will
+continue to work.
diff --git a/FILES b/FILES
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+BLURB
+BLURB2
+BLURB3
+BLURB4
+README
+FAQ
+INSTALL
+INSTALL.alias
+INSTALL.boot
+INSTALL.ctl
+INSTALL.ids
+INSTALL.mbox
+INSTALL.qsmhook
+UPGRADE
+THOUGHTS
+TODO
+THANKS
+CHANGES
+RFCHCSC
+RFCLOOPS
+RFCMXPS
+RFCNETSTR
+RFCNRUDT
+RFCQMTP
+RFCQSBMF
+RFCVERP
+SECURITY
+INTERNALS
+FILES
+VERSION
+SYSDEPS
+TARGETS
+Makefile
+conf-break
+auto_break.h
+conf-spawn
+auto_spawn.h
+chkspawn.c
+conf-split
+auto_split.h
+conf-patrn
+auto_patrn.h
+conf-users
+conf-groups
+auto_uids.h
+auto_usera.h
+extra.h
+addresses.5
+condredirect.1
+dot-qmail.9
+envelopes.5
+forgeries.7
+forward.1
+maildir2mbox.1
+maildirmake.1
+maildirwatch.1
+mailsubj.1
+mbox.5
+preline.1
+qbiff.1
+qlist.1
+qmail-clean.8
+qmail-command.8
+qmail-control.9
+qmail-getpw.9
+qmail-header.5
+qmail-inject.8
+qmail-limits.9
+qmail-local.8
+qmail-log.5
+qmail-lspawn.8
+qmail-newu.9
+qmail-pop3d.8
+qmail-popup.8
+qmail-pw2u.9
+qmail-qmtpd.8
+qmail-qread.8
+qmail-qstat.8
+qmail-queue.8
+qmail-remote.8
+qmail-rspawn.8
+qmail-send.9
+qmail-showctl.8
+qmail-smtpd.8
+qmail-start.9
+qmail-tcpto.8
+qmail-upgrade.9
+qmail-users.9
+qmail.7
+qreceipt.1
+splogger.8
+tcp-env.1
+qmail-clean.c
+qmail-config.sh
+qmail-getpw.c
+qmail-hier.c
+qmail-inject.c
+qmail-local.c
+qmail-lspawn.c
+qmail-newu.c
+qmail-pop3d.c
+qmail-popup.c
+qmail-pw2u.c
+qmail-qmtpd.c
+qmail-qread.c
+qmail-qstat.sh
+qmail-queue.c
+qmail-remote.c
+qmail-rspawn.c
+qmail-send.c
+qmail-showctl.c
+qmail-smtpd.c
+qmail-start.c
+qmail-tcpto.c
+spawn.c
+dnscname.c
+dnsfq.c
+dnsip.c
+dnsmxip.c
+dnsptr.c
+hostname.c
+ipmeprint.c
+tcp-env.c
+sendmail.c
+qlist.c
+qreceipt.c
+qsmhook.c
+qbiff.c
+forward.c
+preline.c
+predate.c
+condredirect.c
+maildirmake.c
+maildir2mbox.c
+maildirwatch.c
+splogger.c
+qail.sh
+elq.sh
+pinq.sh
+qlist2.sh
+qmail-upq.sh
+datemail.sh
+mailsubj.sh
+qlx.h
+constmap.h
+constmap.c
+dnsdoe.h
+dnsdoe.c
+fmtqfn.h
+fmtqfn.c
+gfrom.h
+gfrom.c
+myctime.h
+myctime.c
+newfield.h
+newfield.c
+qsutil.h
+qsutil.c
+readsubdir.h
+readsubdir.c
+received.h
+received.c
+tcpto.h
+tcpto.c
+tcpto_clean.c
+trigger.h
+trigger.c
+triggerpull.h
+triggerpull.c
+trynpbg1.c
+trysyslog.c
+conf-cc
+conf-ld
+find-systype.sh
+make-compile.sh
+make-load.sh
+make-makelib.sh
+trycpp.c
+warn-auto.sh
+auto-str.c
+auto-int.c
+auto-int8.c
+auto-gid.c
+auto-uid.c
+install.c
+instcheck.c
+alloc.3
+alloc.h
+alloc.c
+alloc_re.c
+case.3
+case.h
+case_diffb.c
+case_diffs.c
+case_lowerb.c
+case_lowers.c
+case_starts.c
+cdb.3
+cdb.h
+cdb_hash.c
+cdb_seek.c
+cdb_unpack.c
+cdbmake.h
+cdbmake_add.c
+cdbmake_hash.c
+cdbmake_pack.c
+cdbmss.h
+cdbmss.c
+coe.3
+coe.h
+coe.c
+fd.h
+fd_copy.3
+fd_copy.c
+fd_move.3
+fd_move.c
+fifo_make.3
+fifo.h
+fifo.c
+trymkffo.c
+fork.h1
+fork.h2
+tryvfork.c
+now.3
+now.h
+now.c
+open.h
+open_append.c
+open_excl.c
+open_read.c
+open_trunc.c
+open_write.c
+seek.h
+seek_cur.c
+seek_end.c
+seek_set.c
+seek_trunc.c
+conf-qmail
+auto_qmail.h
+qmail.h
+qmail.c
+gen_alloc.h
+gen_allocdefs.h
+stralloc.3
+stralloc.h
+stralloc_eady.c
+stralloc_pend.c
+stralloc_copy.c
+stralloc_opyb.c
+stralloc_opys.c
+stralloc_cat.c
+stralloc_catb.c
+stralloc_cats.c
+stralloc_arts.c
+strerr.h
+strerr_sys.c
+strerr_die.c
+substdio.h
+substdio.c
+substdi.c
+substdo.c
+substdio_copy.c
+subfd.h
+subfderr.c
+subfdouts.c
+subfdout.c
+subfdins.c
+subfdin.c
+readwrite.h
+exit.h
+timeoutconn.h
+timeoutconn.c
+timeoutread.h
+timeoutread.c
+timeoutwrite.h
+timeoutwrite.c
+remoteinfo.h
+remoteinfo.c
+uint32.h1
+uint32.h2
+tryulong32.c
+wait.3
+wait.h
+wait_pid.c
+wait_nohang.c
+trywaitp.c
+sig.h
+sig_alarm.c
+sig_block.c
+sig_catch.c
+sig_pause.c
+sig_pipe.c
+sig_child.c
+sig_term.c
+sig_hup.c
+sig_misc.c
+sig_bug.c
+trysgact.c
+trysgprm.c
+env.3
+env.h
+env.c
+envread.c
+byte.h
+byte_chr.c
+byte_copy.c
+byte_cr.c
+byte_diff.c
+byte_rchr.c
+byte_zero.c
+str.h
+str_chr.c
+str_cpy.c
+str_diff.c
+str_diffn.c
+str_len.c
+str_rchr.c
+str_start.c
+lock.h
+lock_ex.c
+lock_exnb.c
+lock_un.c
+tryflock.c
+getln.3
+getln.h
+getln.c
+getln2.3
+getln2.c
+sgetopt.3
+sgetopt.h
+sgetopt.c
+subgetopt.3
+subgetopt.h
+subgetopt.c
+error.3
+error_str.3
+error_temp.3
+error.h
+error.c
+error_str.c
+error_temp.c
+fmt.h
+fmt_str.c
+fmt_strn.c
+fmt_uint.c
+fmt_uint0.c
+fmt_ulong.c
+scan.h
+scan_ulong.c
+scan_8long.c
+scan_nbblong.c
+slurpclose.h
+slurpclose.c
+quote.h
+quote.c
+hfield.h
+hfield.c
+headerbody.h
+headerbody.c
+token822.h
+token822.c
+control.h
+control.c
+datetime.3
+datetime.h
+datetime.c
+datetime_un.c
+prioq.h
+prioq.c
+date822fmt.h
+date822fmt.c
+dns.h
+dns.c
+trylsock.c
+tryrsolv.c
+ip.h
+ip.c
+ipalloc.h
+ipalloc.c
+select.h1
+select.h2
+trysysel.c
+ndelay.h
+ndelay.c
+ndelay_off.c
+direntry.3
+direntry.h1
+direntry.h2
+trydrent.c
+prot.h
+prot.c
+chkshsgr.c
+warn-shsgr
+tryshsgr.c
+ipme.h
+ipme.c
+trysalen.c
+maildir.5
+maildir.h
+maildir.c
+tcp-environ.5
diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+SAVE COPIES OF YOUR OUTGOING MAIL! Like any other piece of software (and
+information generally), the qmail system comes with NO WARRANTY. It's
+much more secure and reliable than sendmail, but that's not saying much.
+
+
+Things you have to decide before starting:
+
+* The qmail home directory, normally /var/qmail. To change this
+directory, edit conf-qmail now.
+
+* The names of the qmail users and the qmail groups. To change these
+names, edit conf-users and conf-groups now.
+
+
+Installation steps that won't interfere with sendmail:
+
+ 1. Create the qmail home directory:
+       # mkdir /var/qmail
+ 2. Read INSTALL.ids. You must set up the qmail group and the qmail
+    users before compiling the programs.
+ 3. Compile the programs:
+       # make
+ 4. Create the formatted man pages, *.0:
+       # make man
+ 5. Create the qmail directory tree:
+       # make setup
+ 6. Run instcheck to make sure it doesn't print any warnings:
+       # make check
+ 7. Read INSTALL.ctl and FAQ. Minimal survival command:
+       # ./qmail-config
+ 8. Read INSTALL.alias. Minimal survival command:
+       # (cd ~alias; touch .qmail-postmaster .qmail-mailer-daemon .qmail-root)
+       # chmod 644 ~alias/.qmail*
+ 9. Read INSTALL.mbox.
+10. Read qmail-upgrade.0. This is what your users will need to know
+    about the switch from sendmail to qmail.
+
+
+Pre-upgrade tests:
+
+11. Enable deliveries of messages injected into qmail:
+       # env - PATH="/var/qmail/bin:$PATH" \
+       qmail-start ./Mailbox splogger qmail &
+    Make sure to include the ./ in ./Mailbox.
+12. Look for a
+            qmail: running
+    line in syslog. qmail-send always prints either ``cannot start'' or
+    ``running''. (The big number is a splogger timestamp.)
+13. Do a ps and look for the qmail daemons. There should be four of
+    them, all idle: qmail-send, running as qmails; qmail-lspawn, running
+    as root; qmail-rspawn, running as qmailr; and qmail-clean, running
+    as qmailq. You will also see the splogger process.
+14. Local-local test: Send yourself an empty message. (Replace ``me''
+    with your username. Make sure to include the ``to:'' colon.)
+       % echo to: me | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
+    The message will show up immediately in ~/Mailbox, and syslog will
+    show something like this:
+            qmail: new msg 53 
+            qmail: info msg 53: bytes 246 from <me@domain> qp 20345 uid 666
+            qmail: starting delivery 1: msg 53 to local me@domain 
+            qmail: delivery 1: success: did_1+0+0/
+            qmail: end msg 53 
+    (53 is an inode number; 20345 is a process ID; your numbers will
+    probably be different.)
+15. Local-error test: Send a message to a nonexistent local address.
+       % echo to: nonexistent | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
+            qmail: new msg 53 
+            qmail: info msg 53: bytes 246 from <me@domain> qp 20351 uid 666
+            qmail: starting delivery 2: msg 53 to local nonexistent@domain
+            qmail: delivery 2: failure: No_such_address.__#5.1.1_/
+	    qmail: bounce msg 53 qp 20357
+            qmail: end msg 53 
+            qmail: new msg 54 
+            qmail: info msg 54: bytes 743 from <> qp 20357 uid 666
+            qmail: starting delivery 3: msg 54 to local me@domain
+            qmail: delivery 3: success: did_1+0+0/
+            qmail: end msg 54 
+    You will now have a bounce message in ~/Mailbox.
+16. Local-remote test: Send an empty message to your account on another
+    machine.
+       % echo to: me@wherever | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
+            qmail: new msg 53 
+            qmail: info msg 53: bytes 246 from <me@domain> qp 20372 uid 666
+            qmail: starting delivery 4: msg 53 to remote me@wherever
+            qmail: delivery 4: success: 1.2.3.4_accepted_message./...
+            qmail: end msg 53 
+    There will be a pause between ``starting delivery'' and ``success'';
+    SMTP is slow. Check that the message is in your mailbox on the other
+    machine.
+17. Local-postmaster test: Send mail to postmaster, any capitalization.
+       % echo to: POSTmaster | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
+    Look for the message in ~alias/Mailbox.
+18. Double-bounce test: Send a message with a completely bad envelope.
+       % /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject -f nonexistent
+       To: unknownuser
+       Subject: testing
+
+       This is a test. This is only a test.
+       %
+    (Use end-of-file, not dot, to end the message.) Look for the double
+    bounce in ~alias/Mailbox.
+19. Group membership test:
+       % cat > ~me/.qmail-groups
+       |groups >> MYGROUPS; exit 0
+       % /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject me-groups < /dev/null
+       % cat ~me/MYGROUPS
+    MYGROUPS will show your normal gid and nothing else. (Under Solaris,
+    make sure to use /usr/ucb/groups; /usr/bin/groups is broken.)
+
+
+Upgrading from sendmail to qmail:
+
+20. Read INSTALL.boot. You must replace the sendmail invocation in your
+    boot scripts with an appropriate qmail invocation.
+21. Kill the sendmail daemon. You should first kill -STOP the daemon; if
+    any children are running, you should kill -CONT, wait, kill -STOP
+    again, and repeat ad nauseam. If there aren't any children, kill
+    -TERM and then kill -CONT.
+22. Replace sendmail with a link to qmail's ``sendmail'' wrapper:
+       # mv /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.bak
+       # ln -s /var/qmail/bin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail
+23. Set up qmail-smtpd in /etc/inetd.conf (all on one line):
+            smtp stream tcp nowait qmaild /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env
+	    tcp-env /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd
+    Also comment out comsat in /etc/inetd.conf.
+24. Reboot. (Or kill -HUP your inetd and make sure the qmail daemons
+    are running.)
+25. Try to flush the sendmail queue:
+       # /usr/lib/sendmail.bak -q
+    You can safely run sendmail.bak -q (or even sendmail.bak -q15m)
+    while qmail is running. Do this until the sendmail queue is empty.
+    This may take several days.
+26. Disable all the sendmail and binmail programs in your system. The
+    safest approach is to chmod 0 everything. Some locations to check:
+    /usr/sbin/sendmail, /usr/lib/sendmail.bak, /usr/lib/sendmail.mx,
+    /bin/mail, /usr/libexec/mail.local.
+27. Make sure that ``mail'' still invokes a reasonable mailer. Under
+    SVR4 you may want to link mail to mailx.
+
+
+Post-upgrade tests (can be done immediately after step 24):
+
+28. SMTP server test: Forge some mail locally via SMTP.
+       % telnet 127.0.0.1 25
+       Trying 127.0.0.1...
+       Connected to 127.0.0.1.
+       Escape character is '^]'.
+       220 domain ESMTP
+       helo dude
+       250-domain
+       250-PIPELINING
+       250 8BITMIME
+       mail <me@domain>
+       250 ok
+       rcpt <me@domain>
+       250 ok
+       data
+       354 go ahead
+       Subject: testing
+       
+       This is a test.
+       .
+       250 ok 812345679 qp 12345
+       quit
+       221 domain
+       Connection closed by foreign host.
+       %
+    Look for the message in your mailbox.
+29. Remote-local test: Send yourself some mail from another machine.
+30. Remote-error test: I think you can figure this one out.
+31. UA test: Try sending mail, first to a local account, then to a
+    remote account, with your normal user agent.
+32. Remote-postmaster test: Send mail from another machine to
+    PoStMaStEr@domain. Look for the message in ~alias/Mailbox.
+
+
+That's it! To report success:
+       % ( echo 'First M. Last'; cat `cat SYSDEPS` ) \
+         | mail djb-qst@koobera.math.uic.edu
+Replace First M. Last with your name. If you have questions about qmail,
+contact qmail@pobox.com.
diff --git a/INSTALL.alias b/INSTALL.alias
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+qmail lets each user control all addresses of the form user-anything.
+Addresses that don't start with a username are controlled by a special
+user, alias. Delivery instructions for foo go into ~alias/.qmail-foo;
+delivery instructions for user-foo go into ~user/.qmail-foo. See
+qmail-upgrade.0 and dot-qmail.0 for the full story.
+
+qmail doesn't have any built-in support for /etc/aliases. If you have a
+big /etc/aliases and you'd like to keep it, install the qmsmac package,
+available separately. /etc/aliases should already include the aliases
+discussed below---Postmaster, MAILER-DAEMON, and root.
+
+If you don't have a big /etc/aliases, you'll find it easier to use
+qmail's native alias mechanism. Here's a checklist of aliases you should
+set up right now.
+
+* Postmaster. You're not an Internet citizen if this address doesn't
+work. Simply touch (and chmod 644) ~alias/.qmail-postmaster; any mail
+for Postmaster will be delivered to ~alias/Mailbox.
+
+* MAILER-DAEMON. Not required, but users sometimes respond to bounce
+messages. Touch (and chmod 644) ~alias/.qmail-mailer-daemon.
+
+* root. Under qmail, root never receives mail. Your system may generate
+mail messages to root every night; if you don't have an alias for root,
+those messages will bounce. (They'll end up double-bouncing to the
+postmaster.) Set up an alias for root in ~alias/.qmail-root. .qmail
+files are similar to .forward files, but beware that they are strictly
+line-oriented---see dot-qmail.0 for details.
+
+* Other non-user accounts. Under qmail, non-user accounts don't get
+mail; ``user'' means a non-root account that owns ~account. Set up
+aliases for any non-user accounts that normally receive mail.
+
+Note that special accounts such as ftp, www, and uucp should always have
+home directories owned by root.
+
+* Default. If you want, you can touch ~alias/.qmail-default to catch
+everything else. Beware: this will also catch typos and other addresses
+that should probably be bounced instead. It won't catch addresses that
+start with a user name---the user can set up his own ~/.qmail-default.
diff --git a/INSTALL.boot b/INSTALL.boot
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+The qmail daemons have to be restarted whenever your system reboots.
+Meanwhile, sendmail doesn't have to be started any more. Here's what you
+should do.
+
+Find sendmail in your boot scripts. It's usually in either /etc/rc or
+/etc/init.d/sendmail. It looks like
+
+        sendmail -bd -q15m
+
+-q15m means it should run the queue every 15 minutes; you may see a
+different number. Comment out this line, and replace it with
+
+        env - PATH="/var/qmail/bin:$PATH" \
+	csh -cf 'qmail-start ./Mailbox splogger qmail &'
+
+That's it. (Make sure you include the ./ and the &.)
diff --git a/INSTALL.ctl b/INSTALL.ctl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+As you've seen, qmail has essentially no pre-compilation configuration.
+You should never have to recompile it unless you want to change the
+qmail home directory, usernames, or uids.
+
+qmail does allow quite a bit of easy post-installation configuration. If
+you care how your machine greets other machines via SMTP, for example,
+you can put an appropriate line into /var/qmail/control/smtpgreeting.
+
+But this is all optional---if control/smtpgreeting doesn't exist, qmail
+will do something reasonable by default. You shouldn't worry much about
+configuration right now. You can always come back and tune things later.
+
+There's one big exception. You MUST tell qmail your hostname. The easy
+way to do this is to run the qmail-config script:
+
+   # ./qmail-config
+
+qmail-config finds your fully-qualified hostname in DNS and puts it into
+control/me. It also selects good defaults for a few other controls.
+
+(Why doesn't qmail do these lookups on the fly? This was a deliberate
+design decision. qmail does all its local functions---header rewriting,
+checking if a recipient is local, etc.---without talking to the network.
+The point is that qmail can continue accepting and delivering local mail
+even if your network connection goes down.)
+
+Next, read through FAQ for information on setting up optional features
+like masquerading. If you really want to learn right now what all the
+configuration possibilities are, see qmail-control.0.
diff --git a/INSTALL.ids b/INSTALL.ids
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Here's how to set up the qmail groups and the qmail users.
+
+On some systems there are commands that make this easy. Solaris:
+
+   # groupadd nofiles
+   # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail/alias alias
+   # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmaild
+   # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmaill
+   # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmailp
+   # groupadd qmail
+   # useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmailq
+   # useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmailr
+   # useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmails
+
+BSDI 2.0:
+
+   # addgroup nofiles
+   # adduser -g nofiles -H/var/qmail/alias -G,,, -s/dev/null -P'*' alias
+   # adduser -g nofiles -H/var/qmail -G,,, -s/dev/null -P'*' qmaild
+   # adduser -g nofiles -H/var/qmail -G,,, -s/dev/null -P'*' qmaill
+   # adduser -g nofiles -H/var/qmail -G,,, -s/dev/null -P'*' qmailp
+   # addgroup qmail
+   # adduser -g qmail -H/var/qmail -G,,, -s/dev/null -P'*' qmailq
+   # adduser -g qmail -H/var/qmail -G,,, -s/dev/null -P'*' qmailr
+   # adduser -g qmail -H/var/qmail -G,,, -s/dev/null -P'*' qmails
+
+AIX:
+
+   # mkgroup -A nofiles
+   # mkuser pgrp=nofiles home=/var/qmail/alias shell=/bin/true alias
+   # mkuser pgrp=nofiles home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmaild
+   # mkuser pgrp=nofiles home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmaill
+   # mkuser pgrp=nofiles home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmailp
+   # mkgroup -A qmail
+   # mkuser pgrp=qmail home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmailq
+   # mkuser pgrp=qmail home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmailr
+   # mkuser pgrp=qmail home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmails
+
+On other systems, you will have to edit /etc/group and /etc/passwd
+manually. First add two new lines to /etc/group, something like
+
+        qmail:*:2107:
+        nofiles:*:2108:
+
+where 2107 and 2108 are different from the other gids in /etc/group.
+Next (using vipw) add six new lines to /etc/passwd, something like
+
+        alias:*:7790:2108::/var/qmail/alias:/bin/true
+        qmaild:*:7791:2108::/var/qmail:/bin/true
+        qmaill:*:7792:2108::/var/qmail:/bin/true
+        qmailp:*:7793:2108::/var/qmail:/bin/true
+        qmailq:*:7794:2107::/var/qmail:/bin/true
+        qmailr:*:7795:2107::/var/qmail:/bin/true
+        qmails:*:7796:2107::/var/qmail:/bin/true
+
+where 7790 through 7796 are _new_ uids, 2107 is the qmail gid, and 2108
+is the nofiles gid. Make sure you use the nofiles gid for qmaild,
+qmaill, qmailp, and alias, and the qmail gid for qmailq, qmailr, and
+qmails.
diff --git a/INSTALL.mbox b/INSTALL.mbox
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+The qmail package includes a local delivery agent, qmail-local, which
+provides user-controlled mailing lists, cross-host alias loop detection,
+and many other important qmail features.
+
+There's one part of qmail-local that you need to know about right now:
+qmail-local doesn't support an insecure central mail spool. It delivers
+mail by default into ~user/Mailbox (in mbox format).
+
+This file explains what you should do to deal with this change. It also
+points out some reasons that you might want to make an even bigger
+change, switching from mbox format to a new format, maildir.
+
+If you desperately don't want to change anything, see INSTALL.qsmhook.
+
+
+Contents:
+1. Throw away /usr/spool/mail!
+2. The trouble with mbox
+3. Sun's Network F_ail_u_re System
+
+
+1. Throw away /usr/spool/mail!
+
+/usr/spool/mail, often called /var/spool/mail or /var/mail, is a
+security disaster. A user's mailbox belongs in his home directory, not a
+shared directory. Even if you don't install qmail, you should destroy
+/usr/spool/mail. This takes four steps:
+
+   A. Convince your local mailer to deliver to ~user/Mailbox. If you're
+   using something like procmail, this is easy---just change SYSTEM_MBOX
+   in config.h. If you're installing qmail, you don't have to do
+   anything. Otherwise, take a look at hlfsd from
+   ftp.cs.columbia.edu/pub/amd.
+
+   B. Move each /usr/spool/mail/user to ~user/Mailbox. For safety, do
+   this in single-user mode---you don't want to risk corrupting
+   mailboxes. (qmail makes it easy to turn off deliveries temporarily:
+   just kill the qmail-send daemon. But you aren't running qmail yet.)
+   When you're done, remove /usr/spool/mail.
+
+   C. Put ``setenv MAIL $HOME/Mailbox'' in your system-wide .cshrc,
+   ``MAIL=$HOME/Mailbox; export MAIL'' in your system-wide .profile,
+   ``inbox-path=Mailbox'' in your system-wide pine.conf. If you're using
+   qpopper 2.2, you'll have to recompile with -DHOMEDIRMAIL in CFLAGS
+   and with /.mail changed to /Mailbox in pop_dropcopy.c. If you're
+   using elm on a multiuser system, you'll have to recompile elm with
+   "mailbox" changed to "Mailbox" around line 388 of newmbox.c.
+
+   D. Announce the change.
+
+Some vendors, in a misguided attempt to solve the security problems of
+/usr/spool/mail, have made all MUAs (e.g., /usr/ucb/Mail) setgid mail.
+After you get rid of /usr/spool/mail, you can also disable those
+setgid-mail bits.
+
+
+2. The trouble with mbox
+
+The mbox format---the format of ~user/Mailbox, understood by BSD Mail
+and lots of other MUAs---is inherently unreliable.
+
+Think about it: what happens if the system crashes while a program is
+appending a new message to ~user/Mailbox? The message will be truncated.
+Even worse, if it was truncated in the middle of a line, it will end up
+being merged with the next message! Sure, the mailer understands that it
+wasn't successful, so it'll try delivering the message again later, but
+it can't fix your corrupted mbox.
+
+Other formats, such as mh folders, are just as unreliable.
+
+qmail supports maildir, a crashproof format for incoming mail messages.
+maildir is fast and easy for MUAs to use. Even better, maildir works
+wonders over NFS---see below.
+
+I don't want to cram maildir down people's throats, so it's not the
+default. Nevertheless, I encourage you to start asking for maildir
+versions of your favorite MUAs, and to switch over to maildir as soon as
+you can.
+
+WARNING: qmail uses flock() to lock ~user/Mailbox. This agrees with the
+modern mail.local locking choice. If your MUA doesn't use flock(), your
+best bet is to switch to maildir, and to set up synchronous maildir2mbox
+execution, as described below.
+
+
+3. Sun's Network F_ail_u_re System
+
+Anyone who tells you that mail can be safely delivered in mbox format
+over NFS is pulling your leg---as explained above, mbox format is
+inherently unreliable even on a single machine.
+
+Anyway, NFS is the most unreliable computing environment ever invented,
+and qmail doesn't even pretend to support mbox over NFS.
+
+You should switch to maildir, which works fine over NFS without any
+locking. You can safely read your mail over NFS if it's in maildir
+format. Any number of machines can deliver mail to you at the same time.
+(On the other hand, for efficiency, it's better to get NFS out of the
+picture---your mail should be delivered on the server that contains your
+home directory.)
+
+Here's how to set up qmail to use maildir for your incoming mail:
+
+   % maildirmake $HOME/Maildir
+   % echo ./Maildir/ > ~/.qmail
+
+Make sure you include the trailing slash on Maildir/.
+
+Until your MUA supports maildir, you'll probably want to convert maildir
+format to (gaaack) mbox format. I've supplied a maildir2mbox utility
+that does the trick, along with some tiny qail and elq and pinq wrappers
+that call maildir2mbox before calling Mail or elm or pine.
diff --git a/INSTALL.qsmhook b/INSTALL.qsmhook
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+You can set up qmail to use the same local delivery agent as sendmail,
+through a mechanism called qsmhook. This file says how.
+
+Before you do this, may I ask why? If you simply don't want the hassle
+of moving user mailboxes from /usr/spool/mail to ~, please reconsider---
+/usr/spool/mail has always been a big security problem. See, for
+example, CERT advisory 95:02.
+
+If you're trying to preserve /etc/aliases and ~user/.forward, you're
+looking the wrong way---those are handled by sendmail internally, not by
+the local delivery agent. You can use your old /etc/aliases with qmail
+by installing the qmsmac package.
+
+Perhaps you've set up an advanced agent like procmail. But most people
+use procmail for nothing more than sorting mail into several mailboxes;
+and that's much easier with qmail's local forwarding mechanism, which
+gives each user control over user-anything. If you have a few users who
+really do need procmail, they can easily run procmail from their own
+.qmail files.
+
+Do you still want to set up qsmhook? Send me some e-mail and let me know
+why. Perhaps I can provide something for you in a future qmail release.
+
+Here's what to do. First, tack ``:alias'' onto the end of each address
+in /var/qmail/control/locals, and put the results into
+/var/qmail/control/virtualdomains. For example, if control/locals has
+
+   localhost
+   silverton.berkeley.edu
+
+then control/virtualdomains should now have (without extra spaces)
+
+   localhost:alias
+   silverton.berkeley.edu:alias
+
+Second, cp /dev/null control/locals.
+
+Third, put a line into ~alias/.qmail-default, based on sendmail's Mlocal
+line. For example, if sendmail.cf has
+
+   Mlocal, P=/bin/mail, F=lsDFMPrmn, S=10, R=20, A=mail -d $u
+
+then ~alias/.qmail-default should have
+
+   |qsmhook -x alias- -lsDFMPmn /bin/mail -r %g -d %u
+
+As another example, if sendmail.cf has
+
+   Mlocal, P=/usr/lib/mail.local, F=flsSDFMmnP, S=10, R=20, A=mail.local -d $u
+
+then ~alias/.qmail-default should have
+
+   |qsmhook -x alias- -lsDFMmnP /usr/lib/mail.local -f %g -d %u
diff --git a/INTERNALS b/INTERNALS
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+1. Overview
+
+Here's the data flow in the qmail suite:
+
+ qmail-smtpd --- qmail-queue --- qmail-send --- qmail-rspawn --- qmail-remote
+               /                     |      \
+qmail-inject _/                 qmail-clean  \_ qmail-lspawn --- qmail-local
+
+Every message is added to a central queue directory by qmail-queue.
+qmail-queue is invoked as needed, usually by qmail-inject for locally
+generated messages, qmail-smtpd for messages received through SMTP,
+qmail-local for forwarded messages, or qmail-send for bounce messages.
+
+Every message is then delivered by qmail-send, in cooperation with
+qmail-lspawn and qmail-rspawn, and cleaned up by qmail-clean. These four
+programs are long-running daemons.
+
+The queue is designed to be crashproof, provided that the underlying
+filesystem is crashproof. All cleanups are handled by qmail-send and
+qmail-clean without human intervention. See section 6 for more details.
+
+
+2. Queue structure
+
+Each message in the queue is identified by a unique number, let's say
+457. The queue is organized into several directories, each of which may
+contain files related to message 457:
+
+   mess/457: the message
+   todo/457: the envelope: where the message came from, where it's going
+   intd/457: the envelope, under construction by qmail-queue
+   info/457: the envelope sender address, after preprocessing
+   local/457: local envelope recipient addresses, after preprocessing
+   remote/457: remote envelope recipient addresses, after preprocessing
+   bounce/457: permanent delivery errors
+
+Here are all possible states for a message. + means a file exists; -
+means it does not exist; ? means it may or may not exist.
+
+   S1. -mess -intd -todo -info -local -remote -bounce
+   S2. +mess -intd -todo -info -local -remote -bounce
+   S3. +mess +intd -todo -info -local -remote -bounce
+   S4. +mess ?intd +todo ?info ?local ?remote -bounce (queued)
+   S5. +mess -intd -todo +info ?local ?remote ?bounce (preprocessed)
+
+Guarantee: If mess/457 exists, it has inode number 457.
+
+
+3. How messages enter the queue
+
+To add a message to the queue, qmail-queue first creates a file in a
+separate directory, pid/, with a unique name. The filesystem assigns
+that file a unique inode number. qmail-queue looks at that number, say
+457. By the guarantee above, message 457 must be in state S1.
+
+qmail-queue renames pid/whatever as mess/457, moving to S2. It writes
+the message to mess/457. It then creates intd/457, moving to S3, and
+writes the envelope information to intd/457.
+
+Finally qmail-queue creates a new link, todo/457, for intd/457, moving
+to S4. At that instant the message has been successfully queued, and
+qmail-queue leaves it for further handling by qmail-send.
+
+qmail-queue starts a 24-hour timer before touching any files, and
+commits suicide if the timer expires.
+
+
+4. How queued messages are preprocessed
+
+Once a message has been queued, qmail-send must decide which recipients
+are local and which recipients are remote. It may also rewrite some
+recipient addresses.
+
+When qmail-send notices todo/457, it knows that message 457 is in S4. It
+removes info/457, local/457, and remote/457 if they exist. Then it reads
+through todo/457. It creates info/457, possibly local/457, and possibly
+remote/457. When it is done, it removes intd/457. The message is still
+in S4 at this point. Finally qmail-send removes todo/457, moving to S5.
+At that instant the message has been successfully preprocessed.
+
+
+5. How preprocessed messages are delivered
+
+Messages at S5 are handled as follows. Each address in local/457 and
+remote/457 is marked either NOT DONE or DONE.
+
+   DONE: The message was successfully delivered, or the last delivery
+         attempt met with permanent failure. Either way, qmail-send
+	 should not attempt further delivery to this address.
+
+   NOT DONE: If there have been any delivery attempts, they have all
+             met with temporary failure. Either way, qmail-send should
+             try delivery in the future.
+
+qmail-send may at its leisure try to deliver a message to a NOT DONE
+address. If the message is successfully delivered, qmail-send marks the
+address as DONE. If the delivery attempt meets with permanent failure,
+qmail-send first appends a note to bounce/457, creating bounce/457 if
+necessary; then it marks the address as DONE.
+
+qmail-send may handle bounce/457 at any time, as follows: it (1) injects
+a new bounce message, created from bounce/457 and mess/457; (2) deletes
+bounce/457.
+
+When all addresses in local/457 are DONE, qmail-send deletes local/457.
+Same for remote/457. 
+
+When local/457 and remote/457 are gone, qmail-send eliminates the
+message, as follows. First, if bounce/457 exists, qmail-send handles it
+as described above. Once bounce/457 is definitely gone, qmail-send
+deletes info/457, moving to S2, and finally mess/457, moving to S1.
+
+
+6. Cleanups
+
+If the computer crashes while qmail-queue is trying to queue a message,
+or while qmail-send is eliminating a message, the message may be left in
+state S2 or S3.
+
+When qmail-send sees a message in state S2 or S3---other than one
+it is currently eliminating!---where mess/457 is more than 36 hours old,
+it deletes intd/457 if that exists, then deletes mess/457. Note that any
+qmail-queue handling the message must be dead.
+
+Similarly, when qmail-send sees a file in the pid/ directory that is
+more than 36 hours old, it deletes it.
+
+Cleanups are not necessary if the computer crashes while qmail-send is
+delivering a message. At worst a message may be delivered twice. (There
+is no way for a distributed mail system to eliminate the possibility of
+duplication. What if an SMTP connection is broken just before the server
+acknowledges successful receipt of the message? The client must assume
+the worst and send the message again. Similarly, if the computer crashes
+just before qmail-send marks a message as DONE, the new qmail-send must
+assume the worst and send the message again. The usual solutions in the
+database literature---e.g., keeping log files---amount to saying that
+it's the recipient's computer's job to discard duplicate messages.)
+
+
+7. Further notes
+
+Currently info/457 serves two purposes: first, it records the envelope
+sender; second, its modification time is used to decide when a message
+has been in the queue too long. In the future info/457 may store more
+information. Any non-backwards-compatible changes will be identified by
+version numbers.
+
+When qmail-queue has successfully placed a message into the queue, it
+pulls a trigger offered by qmail-send. Here is the current triggering
+mechanism: lock/trigger is a named pipe. Before scanning todo/,
+qmail-send opens lock/trigger O_NDELAY for reading. It then selects for
+readability on lock/trigger. qmail-queue pulls the trigger by writing a
+byte O_NDELAY to lock/trigger. This makes lock/trigger readable and
+wakes up qmail-send. Before scanning todo/ again, qmail-send closes and
+reopens lock/trigger.
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,2181 @@
+SHELL=/bin/sh
+
+default: it
+
+addresses.0: \
+addresses.5
+	nroff -man addresses.5 > addresses.0
+
+alloc.a: \
+makelib alloc.o alloc_re.o
+	./makelib alloc.a alloc.o alloc_re.o
+
+alloc.o: \
+compile alloc.c alloc.h alloc.c error.h alloc.c
+	./compile alloc.c
+
+alloc_re.o: \
+compile alloc_re.c alloc.h alloc_re.c byte.h alloc_re.c
+	./compile alloc_re.c
+
+auto-ccld.sh: \
+conf-cc conf-ld warn-auto.sh
+	( cat warn-auto.sh; \
+	echo CC=\'`head -1 conf-cc`\'; \
+	echo LD=\'`head -1 conf-ld`\' \
+	) > auto-ccld.sh
+
+auto-gid: \
+load auto-gid.o substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a
+	./load auto-gid substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a 
+
+auto-gid.o: \
+compile auto-gid.c auto-gid.c auto-gid.c subfd.h substdio.h subfd.h \
+auto-gid.c substdio.h substdio.h auto-gid.c readwrite.h auto-gid.c \
+exit.h auto-gid.c scan.h auto-gid.c fmt.h auto-gid.c
+	./compile auto-gid.c
+
+auto-int: \
+load auto-int.o substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a
+	./load auto-int substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a 
+
+auto-int.o: \
+compile auto-int.c substdio.h auto-int.c readwrite.h auto-int.c \
+exit.h auto-int.c scan.h auto-int.c fmt.h auto-int.c
+	./compile auto-int.c
+
+auto-int8: \
+load auto-int8.o substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a
+	./load auto-int8 substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a 
+
+auto-int8.o: \
+compile auto-int8.c substdio.h auto-int8.c readwrite.h auto-int8.c \
+exit.h auto-int8.c scan.h auto-int8.c fmt.h auto-int8.c
+	./compile auto-int8.c
+
+auto-str: \
+load auto-str.o substdio.a error.a str.a
+	./load auto-str substdio.a error.a str.a 
+
+auto-str.o: \
+compile auto-str.c substdio.h auto-str.c readwrite.h auto-str.c \
+exit.h auto-str.c
+	./compile auto-str.c
+
+auto-uid: \
+load auto-uid.o substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a
+	./load auto-uid substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a 
+
+auto-uid.o: \
+compile auto-uid.c auto-uid.c auto-uid.c subfd.h substdio.h subfd.h \
+auto-uid.c substdio.h substdio.h auto-uid.c readwrite.h auto-uid.c \
+exit.h auto-uid.c scan.h auto-uid.c fmt.h auto-uid.c
+	./compile auto-uid.c
+
+auto_break.c: \
+auto-str conf-break
+	./auto-str auto_break \
+	"`head -1 conf-break`" > auto_break.c
+
+auto_break.o: \
+compile auto_break.c
+	./compile auto_break.c
+
+auto_patrn.c: \
+auto-int8 conf-patrn
+	./auto-int8 auto_patrn `head -1 conf-patrn` > auto_patrn.c
+
+auto_patrn.o: \
+compile auto_patrn.c
+	./compile auto_patrn.c
+
+auto_qmail.c: \
+auto-str conf-qmail
+	./auto-str auto_qmail `head -1 conf-qmail` > auto_qmail.c
+
+auto_qmail.o: \
+compile auto_qmail.c
+	./compile auto_qmail.c
+
+auto_spawn.c: \
+auto-int conf-spawn
+	./auto-int auto_spawn `head -1 conf-spawn` > auto_spawn.c
+
+auto_spawn.o: \
+compile auto_spawn.c
+	./compile auto_spawn.c
+
+auto_split.c: \
+auto-int conf-split
+	./auto-int auto_split `head -1 conf-split` > auto_split.c
+
+auto_split.o: \
+compile auto_split.c
+	./compile auto_split.c
+
+auto_uids.c: \
+auto-uid auto-gid conf-users conf-groups
+	( ./auto-uid auto_uida `head -1 conf-users` \
+	&&./auto-uid auto_uidd `head -2 conf-users | tail -1` \
+	&&./auto-uid auto_uidl `head -3 conf-users | tail -1` \
+	&&./auto-uid auto_uido `head -4 conf-users | tail -1` \
+	&&./auto-uid auto_uidp `head -5 conf-users | tail -1` \
+	&&./auto-uid auto_uidq `head -6 conf-users | tail -1` \
+	&&./auto-uid auto_uidr `head -7 conf-users | tail -1` \
+	&&./auto-uid auto_uids `head -8 conf-users | tail -1` \
+	&&./auto-gid auto_gidq `head -1 conf-groups` \
+	&&./auto-gid auto_gidn `head -2 conf-groups | tail -1` \
+	) > auto_uids.c
+
+auto_uids.o: \
+compile auto_uids.c
+	./compile auto_uids.c
+
+auto_usera.c: \
+auto-str conf-users
+	./auto-str auto_usera `head -1 conf-users` > auto_usera.c
+
+auto_usera.o: \
+compile auto_usera.c
+	./compile auto_usera.c
+
+byte_chr.o: \
+compile byte_chr.c byte.h byte_chr.c
+	./compile byte_chr.c
+
+byte_copy.o: \
+compile byte_copy.c byte.h byte_copy.c
+	./compile byte_copy.c
+
+byte_cr.o: \
+compile byte_cr.c byte.h byte_cr.c
+	./compile byte_cr.c
+
+byte_diff.o: \
+compile byte_diff.c byte.h byte_diff.c
+	./compile byte_diff.c
+
+byte_rchr.o: \
+compile byte_rchr.c byte.h byte_rchr.c
+	./compile byte_rchr.c
+
+byte_zero.o: \
+compile byte_zero.c byte.h byte_zero.c
+	./compile byte_zero.c
+
+case.a: \
+makelib case_diffb.o case_diffs.o case_lowerb.o case_lowers.o \
+case_starts.o
+	./makelib case.a case_diffb.o case_diffs.o case_lowerb.o \
+	case_lowers.o case_starts.o
+
+case_diffb.o: \
+compile case_diffb.c case.h case_diffb.c
+	./compile case_diffb.c
+
+case_diffs.o: \
+compile case_diffs.c case.h case_diffs.c
+	./compile case_diffs.c
+
+case_lowerb.o: \
+compile case_lowerb.c case.h case_lowerb.c
+	./compile case_lowerb.c
+
+case_lowers.o: \
+compile case_lowers.c case.h case_lowers.c
+	./compile case_lowers.c
+
+case_starts.o: \
+compile case_starts.c case.h case_starts.c
+	./compile case_starts.c
+
+cdb.a: \
+makelib cdb_hash.o cdb_unpack.o cdb_seek.o
+	./makelib cdb.a cdb_hash.o cdb_unpack.o cdb_seek.o
+
+cdb_hash.o: \
+compile cdb_hash.c cdb.h uint32.h cdb.h cdb_hash.c
+	./compile cdb_hash.c
+
+cdb_seek.o: \
+compile cdb_seek.c cdb_seek.c cdb_seek.c cdb.h uint32.h cdb.h \
+cdb_seek.c
+	./compile cdb_seek.c
+
+cdb_unpack.o: \
+compile cdb_unpack.c cdb.h uint32.h cdb.h cdb_unpack.c
+	./compile cdb_unpack.c
+
+cdbmake.a: \
+makelib cdbmake_pack.o cdbmake_hash.o cdbmake_add.o
+	./makelib cdbmake.a cdbmake_pack.o cdbmake_hash.o \
+	cdbmake_add.o
+
+cdbmake_add.o: \
+compile cdbmake_add.c cdbmake.h uint32.h cdbmake.h cdbmake_add.c
+	./compile cdbmake_add.c
+
+cdbmake_hash.o: \
+compile cdbmake_hash.c cdbmake.h uint32.h cdbmake.h cdbmake_hash.c
+	./compile cdbmake_hash.c
+
+cdbmake_pack.o: \
+compile cdbmake_pack.c cdbmake.h uint32.h cdbmake.h cdbmake_pack.c
+	./compile cdbmake_pack.c
+
+cdbmss.o: \
+compile cdbmss.c readwrite.h cdbmss.c seek.h cdbmss.c alloc.h \
+cdbmss.c cdbmss.h cdbmake.h uint32.h cdbmake.h cdbmss.h substdio.h \
+cdbmss.h cdbmss.c
+	./compile cdbmss.c
+
+check: \
+it man conf-qmail
+	./qmail-hier | ./instcheck `head -1 conf-qmail`
+
+chkshsgr: \
+load chkshsgr.o
+	./load chkshsgr 
+
+chkshsgr.o: \
+compile chkshsgr.c exit.h chkshsgr.c
+	./compile chkshsgr.c
+
+chkspawn: \
+load chkspawn.o substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_spawn.o
+	./load chkspawn substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_spawn.o 
+
+chkspawn.o: \
+compile chkspawn.c substdio.h chkspawn.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h chkspawn.c fmt.h chkspawn.c select.h select.h \
+select.h select.h chkspawn.c exit.h chkspawn.c auto_spawn.h \
+chkspawn.c
+	./compile chkspawn.c
+
+clean: \
+TARGETS
+	rm -f `cat TARGETS`
+
+coe.o: \
+compile coe.c coe.c coe.h coe.c
+	./compile coe.c
+
+compile: \
+make-compile warn-auto.sh systype
+	( cat warn-auto.sh; ./make-compile "`cat systype`" ) > \
+	compile
+	chmod 755 compile
+
+condredirect: \
+load condredirect.o qmail.o fd.a sig.a wait.a seek.a env.a alloc.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a auto_qmail.o
+	./load condredirect qmail.o fd.a sig.a wait.a seek.a env.a \
+	alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a auto_qmail.o 
+
+condredirect.0: \
+condredirect.1
+	nroff -man condredirect.1 > condredirect.0
+
+condredirect.o: \
+compile condredirect.c sig.h condredirect.c readwrite.h \
+condredirect.c exit.h condredirect.c env.h condredirect.c error.h \
+condredirect.c fork.h condredirect.c wait.h condredirect.c seek.h \
+condredirect.c qmail.h substdio.h qmail.h condredirect.c stralloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h stralloc.h condredirect.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h condredirect.c substdio.h substdio.h condredirect.c
+	./compile condredirect.c
+
+constmap.o: \
+compile constmap.c constmap.h constmap.c alloc.h constmap.c case.h \
+constmap.c
+	./compile constmap.c
+
+control.o: \
+compile control.c readwrite.h control.c open.h control.c getln.h \
+control.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h control.c substdio.h \
+control.c error.h control.c control.h control.c alloc.h control.c \
+scan.h control.c
+	./compile control.c
+
+date822fmt.o: \
+compile date822fmt.c datetime.h date822fmt.c fmt.h date822fmt.c \
+date822fmt.h date822fmt.c
+	./compile date822fmt.c
+
+datemail: \
+warn-auto.sh datemail.sh conf-qmail conf-break conf-split
+	cat warn-auto.sh datemail.sh \
+	| sed s}QMAIL}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPLIT}"`head -1 conf-split`"}g \
+	> datemail
+	chmod 755 datemail
+
+datetime.a: \
+makelib datetime.o datetime_un.o
+	./makelib datetime.a datetime.o datetime_un.o
+
+datetime.o: \
+compile datetime.c datetime.h datetime.c
+	./compile datetime.c
+
+datetime_un.o: \
+compile datetime_un.c datetime.h datetime_un.c
+	./compile datetime_un.c
+
+direntry.h: \
+compile trydrent.c direntry.h1 direntry.h2
+	( ./compile trydrent.c >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+	&& cat direntry.h2 || cat direntry.h1 ) > direntry.h
+	rm -f trydrent.o
+
+dns.lib: \
+tryrsolv.c compile load socket.lib dns.o ipalloc.o ip.o stralloc.a \
+alloc.a error.a fs.a str.a
+	( ( ./compile tryrsolv.c && ./load tryrsolv dns.o \
+	ipalloc.o ip.o stralloc.a alloc.a error.a fs.a str.a \
+	-lresolv `cat socket.lib` ) >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+	&& echo -lresolv || exit 0 ) > dns.lib
+	rm -f tryrsolv.o tryrsolv
+
+dns.o: \
+compile dns.c dns.c dns.c dns.c dns.c dns.c dns.c dns.c ip.h dns.c \
+ipalloc.h ip.h ip.h ipalloc.h gen_alloc.h ipalloc.h dns.c fmt.h dns.c \
+alloc.h dns.c str.h dns.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h dns.c \
+dns.h dns.c case.h dns.c
+	./compile dns.c
+
+dnscname: \
+load dnscname.o dns.o dnsdoe.o ip.o ipalloc.o stralloc.a alloc.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a dns.lib socket.lib
+	./load dnscname dns.o dnsdoe.o ip.o ipalloc.o stralloc.a \
+	alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a  `cat dns.lib` `cat \
+	socket.lib`
+
+dnscname.o: \
+compile dnscname.c substdio.h dnscname.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h dnscname.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h \
+dnscname.c dns.h dnscname.c dnsdoe.h dnscname.c readwrite.h \
+dnscname.c exit.h dnscname.c
+	./compile dnscname.c
+
+dnsdoe.o: \
+compile dnsdoe.c substdio.h dnsdoe.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h dnsdoe.c exit.h dnsdoe.c dns.h dnsdoe.c dnsdoe.h dnsdoe.c
+	./compile dnsdoe.c
+
+dnsfq: \
+load dnsfq.o dns.o dnsdoe.o ip.o ipalloc.o stralloc.a alloc.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a dns.lib socket.lib
+	./load dnsfq dns.o dnsdoe.o ip.o ipalloc.o stralloc.a \
+	alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a  `cat dns.lib` `cat \
+	socket.lib`
+
+dnsfq.o: \
+compile dnsfq.c substdio.h dnsfq.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h dnsfq.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h dnsfq.c dns.h \
+dnsfq.c dnsdoe.h dnsfq.c ip.h dnsfq.c ipalloc.h ip.h ip.h ipalloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h ipalloc.h dnsfq.c exit.h dnsfq.c
+	./compile dnsfq.c
+
+dnsip: \
+load dnsip.o dns.o dnsdoe.o ip.o ipalloc.o stralloc.a alloc.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a dns.lib socket.lib
+	./load dnsip dns.o dnsdoe.o ip.o ipalloc.o stralloc.a \
+	alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a  `cat dns.lib` `cat \
+	socket.lib`
+
+dnsip.o: \
+compile dnsip.c substdio.h dnsip.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h dnsip.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h dnsip.c dns.h \
+dnsip.c dnsdoe.h dnsip.c ip.h dnsip.c ipalloc.h ip.h ip.h ipalloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h ipalloc.h dnsip.c exit.h dnsip.c
+	./compile dnsip.c
+
+dnsmxip: \
+load dnsmxip.o dns.o dnsdoe.o ip.o ipalloc.o now.o stralloc.a alloc.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a dns.lib socket.lib
+	./load dnsmxip dns.o dnsdoe.o ip.o ipalloc.o now.o \
+	stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a  `cat \
+	dns.lib` `cat socket.lib`
+
+dnsmxip.o: \
+compile dnsmxip.c substdio.h dnsmxip.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h dnsmxip.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h dnsmxip.c fmt.h \
+dnsmxip.c dns.h dnsmxip.c dnsdoe.h dnsmxip.c ip.h dnsmxip.c ipalloc.h \
+ip.h ip.h ipalloc.h gen_alloc.h ipalloc.h dnsmxip.c now.h datetime.h \
+now.h dnsmxip.c exit.h dnsmxip.c
+	./compile dnsmxip.c
+
+dnsptr: \
+load dnsptr.o dns.o dnsdoe.o ip.o ipalloc.o stralloc.a alloc.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a dns.lib socket.lib
+	./load dnsptr dns.o dnsdoe.o ip.o ipalloc.o stralloc.a \
+	alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a  `cat dns.lib` `cat \
+	socket.lib`
+
+dnsptr.o: \
+compile dnsptr.c substdio.h dnsptr.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h dnsptr.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h dnsptr.c str.h \
+dnsptr.c scan.h dnsptr.c dns.h dnsptr.c dnsdoe.h dnsptr.c ip.h \
+dnsptr.c exit.h dnsptr.c
+	./compile dnsptr.c
+
+dot-qmail.0: \
+dot-qmail.5
+	nroff -man dot-qmail.5 > dot-qmail.0
+
+dot-qmail.5: \
+dot-qmail.9 conf-break conf-spawn
+	cat dot-qmail.9 \
+	| sed s}QMAILHOME}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPAWN}"`head -1 conf-spawn`"}g \
+	> dot-qmail.5
+
+elq: \
+warn-auto.sh elq.sh conf-qmail conf-break conf-split
+	cat warn-auto.sh elq.sh \
+	| sed s}QMAIL}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPLIT}"`head -1 conf-split`"}g \
+	> elq
+	chmod 755 elq
+
+env.a: \
+makelib env.o envread.o
+	./makelib env.a env.o envread.o
+
+env.o: \
+compile env.c str.h env.c alloc.h env.c env.h env.c
+	./compile env.c
+
+envelopes.0: \
+envelopes.5
+	nroff -man envelopes.5 > envelopes.0
+
+envread.o: \
+compile envread.c env.h envread.c str.h envread.c
+	./compile envread.c
+
+error.a: \
+makelib error.o error_str.o error_temp.o
+	./makelib error.a error.o error_str.o error_temp.o
+
+error.o: \
+compile error.c error.c error.h error.c
+	./compile error.c
+
+error_str.o: \
+compile error_str.c error_str.c error.h error_str.c
+	./compile error_str.c
+
+error_temp.o: \
+compile error_temp.c error_temp.c error.h error_temp.c
+	./compile error_temp.c
+
+fd.a: \
+makelib fd_copy.o fd_move.o
+	./makelib fd.a fd_copy.o fd_move.o
+
+fd_copy.o: \
+compile fd_copy.c fd_copy.c fd.h fd_copy.c
+	./compile fd_copy.c
+
+fd_move.o: \
+compile fd_move.c fd.h fd_move.c
+	./compile fd_move.c
+
+fifo.o: \
+compile fifo.c fifo.c fifo.c hasmkffo.h fifo.c fifo.h fifo.c
+	./compile fifo.c
+
+find-systype: \
+find-systype.sh auto-ccld.sh
+	cat auto-ccld.sh find-systype.sh > find-systype
+	chmod 755 find-systype
+
+fmt_str.o: \
+compile fmt_str.c fmt.h fmt_str.c
+	./compile fmt_str.c
+
+fmt_strn.o: \
+compile fmt_strn.c fmt.h fmt_strn.c
+	./compile fmt_strn.c
+
+fmt_uint.o: \
+compile fmt_uint.c fmt.h fmt_uint.c
+	./compile fmt_uint.c
+
+fmt_uint0.o: \
+compile fmt_uint0.c fmt.h fmt_uint0.c
+	./compile fmt_uint0.c
+
+fmt_ulong.o: \
+compile fmt_ulong.c fmt.h fmt_ulong.c
+	./compile fmt_ulong.c
+
+fmtqfn.o: \
+compile fmtqfn.c fmtqfn.h fmtqfn.c fmt.h fmtqfn.c auto_split.h \
+fmtqfn.c
+	./compile fmtqfn.c
+
+forgeries.0: \
+forgeries.7
+	nroff -man forgeries.7 > forgeries.0
+
+fork.h: \
+compile load tryvfork.c fork.h1 fork.h2
+	( ( ./compile tryvfork.c && ./load tryvfork ) >/dev/null \
+	2>&1 \
+	&& cat fork.h2 || cat fork.h1 ) > fork.h
+	rm -f tryvfork.o tryvfork
+
+forward: \
+load forward.o stralloc.a alloc.a qmail.o fd.a wait.a sig.a env.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a auto_qmail.o
+	./load forward stralloc.a alloc.a qmail.o fd.a wait.a \
+	sig.a env.a substdio.a error.a str.a auto_qmail.o 
+
+forward.0: \
+forward.1
+	nroff -man forward.1 > forward.0
+
+forward.o: \
+compile forward.c sig.h forward.c readwrite.h forward.c exit.h \
+forward.c env.h forward.c qmail.h substdio.h qmail.h forward.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h forward.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h forward.c substdio.h substdio.h forward.c
+	./compile forward.c
+
+fs.a: \
+makelib fmt_str.o fmt_strn.o fmt_uint.o fmt_uint0.o fmt_ulong.o \
+scan_ulong.o scan_8long.o scan_nbblong.o
+	./makelib fs.a fmt_str.o fmt_strn.o fmt_uint.o fmt_uint0.o \
+	fmt_ulong.o scan_ulong.o scan_8long.o scan_nbblong.o
+
+getln.a: \
+makelib getln.o getln2.o
+	./makelib getln.a getln.o getln2.o
+
+getln.o: \
+compile getln.c substdio.h getln.c byte.h getln.c stralloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h stralloc.h getln.c getln.h getln.c
+	./compile getln.c
+
+getln2.o: \
+compile getln2.c substdio.h getln2.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h \
+stralloc.h getln2.c byte.h getln2.c getln.h getln2.c
+	./compile getln2.c
+
+getopt.a: \
+makelib subgetopt.o sgetopt.o
+	./makelib getopt.a subgetopt.o sgetopt.o
+
+gfrom.o: \
+compile gfrom.c str.h gfrom.c gfrom.h gfrom.c
+	./compile gfrom.c
+
+hasflock.h: \
+tryflock.c compile load
+	( ( ./compile tryflock.c && ./load tryflock ) >/dev/null \
+	2>&1 \
+	&& echo \#define HASFLOCK 1 || exit 0 ) > hasflock.h
+	rm -f tryflock.o tryflock
+
+hasmkffo.h: \
+trymkffo.c compile load
+	( ( ./compile trymkffo.c && ./load trymkffo ) >/dev/null \
+	2>&1 \
+	&& echo \#define HASMKFIFO 1 || exit 0 ) > hasmkffo.h
+	rm -f trymkffo.o trymkffo
+
+hasnpbg1.h: \
+trynpbg1.c compile load open.h open.a fifo.h fifo.o select.h
+	( ( ./compile trynpbg1.c \
+	&& ./load trynpbg1 fifo.o open.a && ./trynpbg1 ) \
+	>/dev/null 2>&1 \
+	&& echo \#define HASNAMEDPIPEBUG1 1 || exit 0 ) > \
+	hasnpbg1.h
+	rm -f trynpbg1.o trynpbg1
+
+hassalen.h: \
+trysalen.c compile
+	( ./compile trysalen.c >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+	&& echo \#define HASSALEN 1 || exit 0 ) > hassalen.h
+	rm -f trysalen.o
+
+hassgact.h: \
+trysgact.c compile load
+	( ( ./compile trysgact.c && ./load trysgact ) >/dev/null \
+	2>&1 \
+	&& echo \#define HASSIGACTION 1 || exit 0 ) > hassgact.h
+	rm -f trysgact.o trysgact
+
+hassgprm.h: \
+trysgprm.c compile load
+	( ( ./compile trysgprm.c && ./load trysgprm ) >/dev/null \
+	2>&1 \
+	&& echo \#define HASSIGPROCMASK 1 || exit 0 ) > hassgprm.h
+	rm -f trysgprm.o trysgprm
+
+hasshsgr.h: \
+chkshsgr warn-shsgr tryshsgr.c compile load
+	./chkshsgr || ( cat warn-shsgr; exit 1 )
+	( ( ./compile tryshsgr.c \
+	&& ./load tryshsgr && ./tryshsgr ) >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+	&& echo \#define HASSHORTSETGROUPS 1 || exit 0 ) > \
+	hasshsgr.h
+	rm -f tryshsgr.o tryshsgr
+
+haswaitp.h: \
+trywaitp.c compile load
+	( ( ./compile trywaitp.c && ./load trywaitp ) >/dev/null \
+	2>&1 \
+	&& echo \#define HASWAITPID 1 || exit 0 ) > haswaitp.h
+	rm -f trywaitp.o trywaitp
+
+headerbody.o: \
+compile headerbody.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h headerbody.c \
+substdio.h headerbody.c getln.h headerbody.c hfield.h headerbody.c \
+headerbody.h headerbody.c
+	./compile headerbody.c
+
+hfield.o: \
+compile hfield.c hfield.h hfield.c
+	./compile hfield.c
+
+hostname: \
+load hostname.o substdio.a error.a str.a dns.lib socket.lib
+	./load hostname substdio.a error.a str.a  `cat dns.lib` \
+	`cat socket.lib`
+
+hostname.o: \
+compile hostname.c substdio.h hostname.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h hostname.c readwrite.h hostname.c exit.h \
+hostname.c
+	./compile hostname.c
+
+install: \
+load install.o fifo.o getln.a strerr.a substdio.a stralloc.a alloc.a \
+open.a error.a str.a fs.a
+	./load install fifo.o getln.a strerr.a substdio.a \
+	stralloc.a alloc.a open.a error.a str.a fs.a 
+
+install.o: \
+compile install.c substdio.h install.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h \
+stralloc.h install.c getln.h install.c readwrite.h install.c exit.h \
+install.c open.h install.c error.h install.c strerr.h install.c \
+byte.h install.c fifo.h install.c
+	./compile install.c
+
+instcheck: \
+load instcheck.o getln.a strerr.a substdio.a stralloc.a alloc.a \
+error.a str.a fs.a
+	./load instcheck getln.a strerr.a substdio.a stralloc.a \
+	alloc.a error.a str.a fs.a 
+
+instcheck.o: \
+compile instcheck.c instcheck.c instcheck.c substdio.h instcheck.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h instcheck.c getln.h instcheck.c \
+readwrite.h instcheck.c exit.h instcheck.c error.h instcheck.c \
+strerr.h instcheck.c byte.h instcheck.c
+	./compile instcheck.c
+
+ip.o: \
+compile ip.c fmt.h ip.c scan.h ip.c ip.h ip.c
+	./compile ip.c
+
+ipalloc.o: \
+compile ipalloc.c alloc.h ipalloc.c gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h \
+gen_allocdefs.h ipalloc.c ip.h ipalloc.c ipalloc.h ip.h ip.h \
+ipalloc.h gen_alloc.h ipalloc.h ipalloc.c
+	./compile ipalloc.c
+
+ipme.o: \
+compile ipme.c ipme.c ipme.c ipme.c ipme.c ipme.c ipme.c ipme.c \
+hassalen.h ipme.c byte.h ipme.c ip.h ipme.c ipalloc.h ip.h ip.h \
+ipalloc.h gen_alloc.h ipalloc.h ipme.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h \
+stralloc.h ipme.c ipme.h ip.h ip.h ipme.h ipalloc.h ipalloc.h ipme.h \
+ipme.c ipme.c
+	./compile ipme.c
+
+ipmeprint: \
+load ipmeprint.o ipme.o ip.o ipalloc.o stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a \
+error.a str.a fs.a socket.lib
+	./load ipmeprint ipme.o ip.o ipalloc.o stralloc.a alloc.a \
+	substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a  `cat socket.lib`
+
+ipmeprint.o: \
+compile ipmeprint.c subfd.h substdio.h subfd.h ipmeprint.c substdio.h \
+substdio.h ipmeprint.c ip.h ipmeprint.c ipme.h ip.h ip.h ipme.h \
+ipalloc.h ip.h ip.h ipalloc.h gen_alloc.h ipalloc.h ipme.h \
+ipmeprint.c exit.h ipmeprint.c
+	./compile ipmeprint.c
+
+it: \
+qmail-local qmail-lspawn qmail-getpw qmail-remote qmail-rspawn \
+qmail-clean qmail-send qmail-start splogger qmail-queue qmail-inject \
+predate datemail mailsubj qmail-upq qmail-config qmail-showctl \
+qmail-newu qmail-pw2u qmail-qread qmail-qstat qmail-tcpto qmail-pop3d \
+qmail-popup qmail-qmtpd qmail-smtpd sendmail tcp-env dnscname dnsptr \
+dnsip dnsmxip dnsfq hostname ipmeprint qlist qlist2 qreceipt qsmhook \
+qbiff forward preline condredirect maildirmake maildir2mbox \
+maildirwatch qail elq pinq qmail-hier install instcheck
+
+load: \
+make-load warn-auto.sh systype
+	( cat warn-auto.sh; ./make-load "`cat systype`" ) > load
+	chmod 755 load
+
+lock.a: \
+makelib lock_ex.o lock_exnb.o lock_un.o
+	./makelib lock.a lock_ex.o lock_exnb.o lock_un.o
+
+lock_ex.o: \
+compile lock_ex.c lock_ex.c lock_ex.c lock_ex.c hasflock.h lock_ex.c \
+lock.h lock_ex.c
+	./compile lock_ex.c
+
+lock_exnb.o: \
+compile lock_exnb.c lock_exnb.c lock_exnb.c lock_exnb.c hasflock.h \
+lock_exnb.c lock.h lock_exnb.c
+	./compile lock_exnb.c
+
+lock_un.o: \
+compile lock_un.c lock_un.c lock_un.c lock_un.c hasflock.h lock_un.c \
+lock.h lock_un.c
+	./compile lock_un.c
+
+maildir.0: \
+maildir.5
+	nroff -man maildir.5 > maildir.0
+
+maildir.o: \
+compile maildir.c maildir.c maildir.c prioq.h datetime.h prioq.h \
+gen_alloc.h prioq.h maildir.c env.h maildir.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h \
+stralloc.h maildir.c direntry.h direntry.h direntry.h maildir.c \
+datetime.h datetime.h maildir.c now.h datetime.h datetime.h now.h \
+maildir.c str.h maildir.c maildir.h strerr.h maildir.h maildir.c
+	./compile maildir.c
+
+maildir2mbox: \
+load maildir2mbox.o maildir.o prioq.o now.o myctime.o gfrom.o lock.a \
+getln.a env.a open.a strerr.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a \
+str.a fs.a datetime.a
+	./load maildir2mbox maildir.o prioq.o now.o myctime.o \
+	gfrom.o lock.a getln.a env.a open.a strerr.a stralloc.a \
+	alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a datetime.a 
+
+maildir2mbox.0: \
+maildir2mbox.1
+	nroff -man maildir2mbox.1 > maildir2mbox.0
+
+maildir2mbox.o: \
+compile maildir2mbox.c readwrite.h maildir2mbox.c prioq.h datetime.h \
+prioq.h gen_alloc.h prioq.h maildir2mbox.c env.h maildir2mbox.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h maildir2mbox.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h maildir2mbox.c substdio.h substdio.h maildir2mbox.c getln.h \
+maildir2mbox.c error.h maildir2mbox.c open.h maildir2mbox.c lock.h \
+maildir2mbox.c gfrom.h maildir2mbox.c str.h maildir2mbox.c exit.h \
+maildir2mbox.c myctime.h maildir2mbox.c maildir.h strerr.h maildir.h \
+maildir2mbox.c
+	./compile maildir2mbox.c
+
+maildirmake: \
+load maildirmake.o substdio.a error.a str.a
+	./load maildirmake substdio.a error.a str.a 
+
+maildirmake.0: \
+maildirmake.1
+	nroff -man maildirmake.1 > maildirmake.0
+
+maildirmake.o: \
+compile maildirmake.c subfd.h substdio.h subfd.h maildirmake.c \
+substdio.h substdio.h maildirmake.c error.h maildirmake.c exit.h \
+maildirmake.c
+	./compile maildirmake.c
+
+maildirwatch: \
+load maildirwatch.o hfield.o headerbody.o maildir.o prioq.o now.o \
+getln.a env.a open.a strerr.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a \
+str.a
+	./load maildirwatch hfield.o headerbody.o maildir.o \
+	prioq.o now.o getln.a env.a open.a strerr.a stralloc.a \
+	alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a 
+
+maildirwatch.0: \
+maildirwatch.1
+	nroff -man maildirwatch.1 > maildirwatch.0
+
+maildirwatch.o: \
+compile maildirwatch.c getln.h maildirwatch.c substdio.h \
+maildirwatch.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h maildirwatch.c \
+prioq.h datetime.h prioq.h gen_alloc.h prioq.h maildirwatch.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h maildirwatch.c str.h maildirwatch.c \
+exit.h maildirwatch.c hfield.h maildirwatch.c readwrite.h \
+maildirwatch.c open.h maildirwatch.c headerbody.h maildirwatch.c \
+maildir.h strerr.h maildir.h maildirwatch.c
+	./compile maildirwatch.c
+
+mailsubj: \
+warn-auto.sh mailsubj.sh conf-qmail conf-break conf-split
+	cat warn-auto.sh mailsubj.sh \
+	| sed s}QMAIL}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPLIT}"`head -1 conf-split`"}g \
+	> mailsubj
+	chmod 755 mailsubj
+
+mailsubj.0: \
+mailsubj.1
+	nroff -man mailsubj.1 > mailsubj.0
+
+make-compile: \
+make-compile.sh auto-ccld.sh
+	cat auto-ccld.sh make-compile.sh > make-compile
+	chmod 755 make-compile
+
+make-load: \
+make-load.sh auto-ccld.sh
+	cat auto-ccld.sh make-load.sh > make-load
+	chmod 755 make-load
+
+make-makelib: \
+make-makelib.sh auto-ccld.sh
+	cat auto-ccld.sh make-makelib.sh > make-makelib
+	chmod 755 make-makelib
+
+makelib: \
+make-makelib warn-auto.sh systype
+	( cat warn-auto.sh; ./make-makelib "`cat systype`" ) > \
+	makelib
+	chmod 755 makelib
+
+man: \
+qmail-local.0 qmail-lspawn.0 qmail-getpw.0 qmail-remote.0 \
+qmail-rspawn.0 qmail-clean.0 qmail-send.0 qmail-start.0 splogger.0 \
+qmail-queue.0 qmail-inject.0 mailsubj.0 qmail-showctl.0 qmail-newu.0 \
+qmail-pw2u.0 qmail-qread.0 qmail-qstat.0 qmail-tcpto.0 qmail-pop3d.0 \
+qmail-popup.0 qmail-qmtpd.0 qmail-smtpd.0 tcp-env.0 qlist.0 \
+qreceipt.0 qbiff.0 forward.0 preline.0 condredirect.0 maildirmake.0 \
+maildir2mbox.0 maildirwatch.0 qmail.0 qmail-upgrade.0 qmail-limits.0 \
+qmail-log.0 qmail-control.0 qmail-header.0 qmail-users.0 dot-qmail.0 \
+qmail-command.0 tcp-environ.0 maildir.0 mbox.0 addresses.0 \
+envelopes.0 forgeries.0
+
+mbox.0: \
+mbox.5
+	nroff -man mbox.5 > mbox.0
+
+myctime.o: \
+compile myctime.c datetime.h myctime.c fmt.h myctime.c myctime.h \
+myctime.c
+	./compile myctime.c
+
+ndelay.a: \
+makelib ndelay.o ndelay_off.o
+	./makelib ndelay.a ndelay.o ndelay_off.o
+
+ndelay.o: \
+compile ndelay.c ndelay.c ndelay.c ndelay.h ndelay.c
+	./compile ndelay.c
+
+ndelay_off.o: \
+compile ndelay_off.c ndelay_off.c ndelay_off.c ndelay.h ndelay_off.c
+	./compile ndelay_off.c
+
+newfield.o: \
+compile newfield.c fmt.h newfield.c datetime.h newfield.c stralloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h stralloc.h newfield.c date822fmt.h newfield.c newfield.h \
+stralloc.h stralloc.h newfield.h newfield.c
+	./compile newfield.c
+
+now.o: \
+compile now.c now.c datetime.h now.c now.h datetime.h datetime.h \
+now.h now.c
+	./compile now.c
+
+open.a: \
+makelib open_append.o open_excl.o open_read.o open_trunc.o \
+open_write.o
+	./makelib open.a open_append.o open_excl.o open_read.o \
+	open_trunc.o open_write.o
+
+open_append.o: \
+compile open_append.c open_append.c open_append.c open.h \
+open_append.c
+	./compile open_append.c
+
+open_excl.o: \
+compile open_excl.c open_excl.c open_excl.c open.h open_excl.c
+	./compile open_excl.c
+
+open_read.o: \
+compile open_read.c open_read.c open_read.c open.h open_read.c
+	./compile open_read.c
+
+open_trunc.o: \
+compile open_trunc.c open_trunc.c open_trunc.c open.h open_trunc.c
+	./compile open_trunc.c
+
+open_write.o: \
+compile open_write.c open_write.c open_write.c open.h open_write.c
+	./compile open_write.c
+
+pinq: \
+warn-auto.sh pinq.sh conf-qmail conf-break conf-split
+	cat warn-auto.sh pinq.sh \
+	| sed s}QMAIL}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPLIT}"`head -1 conf-split`"}g \
+	> pinq
+	chmod 755 pinq
+
+predate: \
+load predate.o datetime.a sig.a fd.a wait.a substdio.a error.a str.a \
+fs.a
+	./load predate datetime.a sig.a fd.a wait.a substdio.a \
+	error.a str.a fs.a 
+
+predate.o: \
+compile predate.c predate.c predate.c datetime.h predate.c fork.h \
+predate.c wait.h predate.c fd.h predate.c fmt.h predate.c substdio.h \
+predate.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h predate.c readwrite.h \
+predate.c exit.h predate.c
+	./compile predate.c
+
+preline: \
+load preline.o fd.a wait.a sig.a env.a getopt.a substdio.a error.a \
+str.a
+	./load preline fd.a wait.a sig.a env.a getopt.a substdio.a \
+	error.a str.a 
+
+preline.0: \
+preline.1
+	nroff -man preline.1 > preline.0
+
+preline.o: \
+compile preline.c fd.h preline.c sgetopt.h subgetopt.h sgetopt.h \
+preline.c readwrite.h preline.c subfd.h substdio.h subfd.h preline.c \
+substdio.h substdio.h preline.c exit.h preline.c fork.h preline.c \
+wait.h preline.c env.h preline.c sig.h preline.c error.h preline.c
+	./compile preline.c
+
+prioq.o: \
+compile prioq.c alloc.h prioq.c gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h \
+gen_allocdefs.h prioq.c prioq.h datetime.h prioq.h gen_alloc.h \
+prioq.h prioq.c
+	./compile prioq.c
+
+prot.o: \
+compile prot.c hasshsgr.h prot.c prot.h prot.c
+	./compile prot.c
+
+qail: \
+warn-auto.sh qail.sh conf-qmail conf-break conf-split
+	cat warn-auto.sh qail.sh \
+	| sed s}QMAIL}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPLIT}"`head -1 conf-split`"}g \
+	> qail
+	chmod 755 qail
+
+qbiff: \
+load qbiff.o headerbody.o hfield.o getln.a env.a open.a stralloc.a \
+alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a
+	./load qbiff headerbody.o hfield.o getln.a env.a open.a \
+	stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a 
+
+qbiff.0: \
+qbiff.1
+	nroff -man qbiff.1 > qbiff.0
+
+qbiff.o: \
+compile qbiff.c qbiff.c qbiff.c qbiff.c readwrite.h qbiff.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qbiff.c substdio.h qbiff.c subfd.h \
+substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h qbiff.c open.h qbiff.c byte.h qbiff.c \
+str.h qbiff.c headerbody.h qbiff.c hfield.h qbiff.c env.h qbiff.c \
+exit.h qbiff.c
+	./compile qbiff.c
+
+qlist: \
+load qlist.o headerbody.o hfield.o token822.o qmail.o getln.a env.a \
+case.a sig.a fd.a wait.a open.a lock.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a \
+error.a str.a auto_qmail.o
+	./load qlist headerbody.o hfield.o token822.o qmail.o \
+	getln.a env.a case.a sig.a fd.a wait.a open.a lock.a \
+	stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a auto_qmail.o 
+
+qlist.0: \
+qlist.1
+	nroff -man qlist.1 > qlist.0
+
+qlist.o: \
+compile qlist.c sig.h qlist.c readwrite.h qlist.c substdio.h qlist.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qlist.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h qlist.c getln.h qlist.c alloc.h qlist.c str.h \
+qlist.c env.h qlist.c hfield.h qlist.c case.h qlist.c token822.h \
+gen_alloc.h token822.h qlist.c error.h qlist.c gen_alloc.h qlist.c \
+gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h qlist.c headerbody.h \
+qlist.c exit.h qlist.c open.h qlist.c lock.h qlist.c qmail.h \
+substdio.h substdio.h qmail.h qlist.c qlist.c
+	./compile qlist.c
+
+qlist2: \
+warn-auto.sh qlist2.sh conf-qmail conf-break conf-split
+	cat warn-auto.sh qlist2.sh \
+	| sed s}QMAIL}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPLIT}"`head -1 conf-split`"}g \
+	> qlist2
+	chmod 755 qlist2
+
+qmail-clean: \
+load qmail-clean.o fmtqfn.o now.o getln.a sig.a stralloc.a alloc.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o auto_split.o
+	./load qmail-clean fmtqfn.o now.o getln.a sig.a stralloc.a \
+	alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o \
+	auto_split.o 
+
+qmail-clean.0: \
+qmail-clean.8
+	nroff -man qmail-clean.8 > qmail-clean.0
+
+qmail-clean.o: \
+compile qmail-clean.c qmail-clean.c qmail-clean.c readwrite.h \
+qmail-clean.c sig.h qmail-clean.c now.h datetime.h now.h \
+qmail-clean.c str.h qmail-clean.c direntry.h direntry.h direntry.h \
+qmail-clean.c getln.h qmail-clean.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h \
+qmail-clean.c substdio.h qmail-clean.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h qmail-clean.c byte.h qmail-clean.c scan.h qmail-clean.c fmt.h \
+qmail-clean.c error.h qmail-clean.c exit.h qmail-clean.c fmtqfn.h \
+qmail-clean.c auto_qmail.h qmail-clean.c
+	./compile qmail-clean.c
+
+qmail-command.0: \
+qmail-command.8
+	nroff -man qmail-command.8 > qmail-command.0
+
+qmail-config: \
+warn-auto.sh qmail-config.sh conf-qmail conf-break conf-split
+	cat warn-auto.sh qmail-config.sh \
+	| sed s}QMAIL}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPLIT}"`head -1 conf-split`"}g \
+	> qmail-config
+	chmod 755 qmail-config
+
+qmail-control.0: \
+qmail-control.5
+	nroff -man qmail-control.5 > qmail-control.0
+
+qmail-control.5: \
+qmail-control.9 conf-break conf-spawn
+	cat qmail-control.9 \
+	| sed s}QMAILHOME}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPAWN}"`head -1 conf-spawn`"}g \
+	> qmail-control.5
+
+qmail-getpw: \
+load qmail-getpw.o case.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_break.o \
+auto_usera.o
+	./load qmail-getpw case.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a \
+	auto_break.o auto_usera.o 
+
+qmail-getpw.0: \
+qmail-getpw.8
+	nroff -man qmail-getpw.8 > qmail-getpw.0
+
+qmail-getpw.8: \
+qmail-getpw.9 conf-break conf-spawn
+	cat qmail-getpw.9 \
+	| sed s}QMAILHOME}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPAWN}"`head -1 conf-spawn`"}g \
+	> qmail-getpw.8
+
+qmail-getpw.o: \
+compile qmail-getpw.c qmail-getpw.c qmail-getpw.c qmail-getpw.c \
+readwrite.h qmail-getpw.c substdio.h qmail-getpw.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h qmail-getpw.c error.h qmail-getpw.c exit.h \
+qmail-getpw.c byte.h qmail-getpw.c str.h qmail-getpw.c case.h \
+qmail-getpw.c fmt.h qmail-getpw.c auto_usera.h qmail-getpw.c \
+auto_break.h qmail-getpw.c qlx.h qmail-getpw.c
+	./compile qmail-getpw.c
+
+qmail-header.0: \
+qmail-header.5
+	nroff -man qmail-header.5 > qmail-header.0
+
+qmail-hier: \
+load qmail-hier.o substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_split.o \
+auto_uids.o
+	./load qmail-hier substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a \
+	auto_split.o auto_uids.o 
+
+qmail-hier.o: \
+compile qmail-hier.c subfd.h substdio.h subfd.h qmail-hier.c \
+substdio.h substdio.h qmail-hier.c auto_split.h qmail-hier.c \
+auto_uids.h qmail-hier.c fmt.h qmail-hier.c
+	./compile qmail-hier.c
+
+qmail-inject: \
+load qmail-inject.o headerbody.o hfield.o newfield.o quote.o now.o \
+control.o date822fmt.o qmail.o fd.a wait.a open.a getln.a sig.a \
+getopt.a datetime.a token822.o env.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a \
+error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o
+	./load qmail-inject headerbody.o hfield.o newfield.o \
+	quote.o now.o control.o date822fmt.o qmail.o fd.a wait.a \
+	open.a getln.a sig.a getopt.a datetime.a token822.o env.a \
+	stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a \
+	auto_qmail.o 
+
+qmail-inject.0: \
+qmail-inject.8
+	nroff -man qmail-inject.8 > qmail-inject.0
+
+qmail-inject.o: \
+compile qmail-inject.c sig.h qmail-inject.c substdio.h qmail-inject.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qmail-inject.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h qmail-inject.c sgetopt.h subgetopt.h sgetopt.h \
+qmail-inject.c getln.h qmail-inject.c alloc.h qmail-inject.c str.h \
+qmail-inject.c fmt.h qmail-inject.c hfield.h qmail-inject.c \
+token822.h gen_alloc.h token822.h qmail-inject.c control.h \
+qmail-inject.c env.h qmail-inject.c gen_alloc.h qmail-inject.c \
+gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h qmail-inject.c \
+error.h qmail-inject.c qmail.h substdio.h substdio.h qmail.h \
+qmail-inject.c now.h datetime.h now.h qmail-inject.c exit.h \
+qmail-inject.c quote.h qmail-inject.c headerbody.h qmail-inject.c \
+auto_qmail.h qmail-inject.c newfield.h stralloc.h stralloc.h \
+newfield.h qmail-inject.c
+	./compile qmail-inject.c
+
+qmail-limits.0: \
+qmail-limits.7
+	nroff -man qmail-limits.7 > qmail-limits.0
+
+qmail-limits.7: \
+qmail-limits.9 conf-break conf-spawn
+	cat qmail-limits.9 \
+	| sed s}QMAILHOME}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPAWN}"`head -1 conf-spawn`"}g \
+	> qmail-limits.7
+
+qmail-local: \
+load qmail-local.o qmail.o quote.o now.o gfrom.o myctime.o \
+slurpclose.o case.a getln.a getopt.a sig.a open.a seek.a lock.a fd.a \
+wait.a env.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a \
+datetime.a auto_qmail.o auto_patrn.o socket.lib
+	./load qmail-local qmail.o quote.o now.o gfrom.o myctime.o \
+	slurpclose.o case.a getln.a getopt.a sig.a open.a seek.a \
+	lock.a fd.a wait.a env.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a \
+	error.a str.a fs.a datetime.a auto_qmail.o auto_patrn.o  \
+	`cat socket.lib`
+
+qmail-local.0: \
+qmail-local.8
+	nroff -man qmail-local.8 > qmail-local.0
+
+qmail-local.o: \
+compile qmail-local.c qmail-local.c qmail-local.c readwrite.h \
+qmail-local.c sig.h qmail-local.c env.h qmail-local.c byte.h \
+qmail-local.c exit.h qmail-local.c fork.h qmail-local.c open.h \
+qmail-local.c wait.h qmail-local.c lock.h qmail-local.c seek.h \
+qmail-local.c substdio.h qmail-local.c getln.h qmail-local.c subfd.h \
+substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h qmail-local.c sgetopt.h subgetopt.h \
+sgetopt.h qmail-local.c alloc.h qmail-local.c error.h qmail-local.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qmail-local.c fmt.h qmail-local.c \
+str.h qmail-local.c now.h datetime.h now.h qmail-local.c case.h \
+qmail-local.c quote.h qmail-local.c qmail.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+qmail.h qmail-local.c slurpclose.h qmail-local.c myctime.h \
+qmail-local.c gfrom.h qmail-local.c auto_patrn.h qmail-local.c
+	./compile qmail-local.c
+
+qmail-log.0: \
+qmail-log.5
+	nroff -man qmail-log.5 > qmail-log.0
+
+qmail-lspawn: \
+load qmail-lspawn.o spawn.o prot.o slurpclose.o coe.o sig.a wait.a \
+case.a cdb.a fd.a open.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a \
+fs.a auto_qmail.o auto_uids.o auto_spawn.o
+	./load qmail-lspawn spawn.o prot.o slurpclose.o coe.o \
+	sig.a wait.a case.a cdb.a fd.a open.a stralloc.a alloc.a \
+	substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o auto_uids.o \
+	auto_spawn.o 
+
+qmail-lspawn.0: \
+qmail-lspawn.8
+	nroff -man qmail-lspawn.8 > qmail-lspawn.0
+
+qmail-lspawn.o: \
+compile qmail-lspawn.c fd.h qmail-lspawn.c wait.h qmail-lspawn.c \
+prot.h qmail-lspawn.c substdio.h qmail-lspawn.c stralloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qmail-lspawn.c scan.h qmail-lspawn.c exit.h \
+qmail-lspawn.c fork.h qmail-lspawn.c error.h qmail-lspawn.c cdb.h \
+uint32.h cdb.h qmail-lspawn.c case.h qmail-lspawn.c slurpclose.h \
+qmail-lspawn.c auto_qmail.h qmail-lspawn.c auto_uids.h qmail-lspawn.c \
+qlx.h qmail-lspawn.c
+	./compile qmail-lspawn.c
+
+qmail-newu: \
+load qmail-newu.o cdbmss.o getln.a open.a seek.a cdbmake.a case.a \
+stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a auto_qmail.o
+	./load qmail-newu cdbmss.o getln.a open.a seek.a cdbmake.a \
+	case.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a \
+	auto_qmail.o 
+
+qmail-newu.0: \
+qmail-newu.8
+	nroff -man qmail-newu.8 > qmail-newu.0
+
+qmail-newu.8: \
+qmail-newu.9 conf-break conf-spawn
+	cat qmail-newu.9 \
+	| sed s}QMAILHOME}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPAWN}"`head -1 conf-spawn`"}g \
+	> qmail-newu.8
+
+qmail-newu.o: \
+compile qmail-newu.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qmail-newu.c \
+subfd.h substdio.h subfd.h qmail-newu.c getln.h qmail-newu.c \
+substdio.h substdio.h qmail-newu.c cdbmss.h cdbmake.h uint32.h \
+cdbmake.h cdbmss.h substdio.h substdio.h cdbmss.h qmail-newu.c exit.h \
+qmail-newu.c readwrite.h qmail-newu.c open.h qmail-newu.c error.h \
+qmail-newu.c case.h qmail-newu.c auto_qmail.h qmail-newu.c
+	./compile qmail-newu.c
+
+qmail-pop3d: \
+load qmail-pop3d.o prioq.o now.o sig.a open.a getln.a stralloc.a \
+alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a
+	./load qmail-pop3d prioq.o now.o sig.a open.a getln.a \
+	stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a 
+
+qmail-pop3d.0: \
+qmail-pop3d.8
+	nroff -man qmail-pop3d.8 > qmail-pop3d.0
+
+qmail-pop3d.o: \
+compile qmail-pop3d.c qmail-pop3d.c qmail-pop3d.c direntry.h \
+direntry.h direntry.h qmail-pop3d.c sig.h qmail-pop3d.c getln.h \
+qmail-pop3d.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qmail-pop3d.c \
+substdio.h qmail-pop3d.c alloc.h qmail-pop3d.c datetime.h \
+qmail-pop3d.c prot.h qmail-pop3d.c open.h qmail-pop3d.c prioq.h \
+datetime.h datetime.h prioq.h gen_alloc.h prioq.h qmail-pop3d.c \
+scan.h qmail-pop3d.c fmt.h qmail-pop3d.c error.h qmail-pop3d.c str.h \
+qmail-pop3d.c exit.h qmail-pop3d.c now.h datetime.h datetime.h now.h \
+qmail-pop3d.c readwrite.h qmail-pop3d.c
+	./compile qmail-pop3d.c
+
+qmail-popup: \
+load qmail-popup.o now.o fd.a sig.a wait.a getln.a stralloc.a alloc.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a
+	./load qmail-popup now.o fd.a sig.a wait.a getln.a \
+	stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a 
+
+qmail-popup.0: \
+qmail-popup.8
+	nroff -man qmail-popup.8 > qmail-popup.0
+
+qmail-popup.o: \
+compile qmail-popup.c qmail-popup.c qmail-popup.c fd.h qmail-popup.c \
+sig.h qmail-popup.c getln.h qmail-popup.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h \
+stralloc.h qmail-popup.c substdio.h qmail-popup.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h qmail-popup.c alloc.h qmail-popup.c datetime.h \
+qmail-popup.c error.h qmail-popup.c wait.h qmail-popup.c str.h \
+qmail-popup.c now.h datetime.h datetime.h now.h qmail-popup.c fmt.h \
+qmail-popup.c exit.h qmail-popup.c readwrite.h qmail-popup.c
+	./compile qmail-popup.c
+
+qmail-pw2u: \
+load qmail-pw2u.o constmap.o control.o open.a getln.a case.a getopt.a \
+stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_usera.o \
+auto_break.o auto_qmail.o
+	./load qmail-pw2u constmap.o control.o open.a getln.a \
+	case.a getopt.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a \
+	fs.a auto_usera.o auto_break.o auto_qmail.o 
+
+qmail-pw2u.0: \
+qmail-pw2u.8
+	nroff -man qmail-pw2u.8 > qmail-pw2u.0
+
+qmail-pw2u.8: \
+qmail-pw2u.9 conf-break conf-spawn
+	cat qmail-pw2u.9 \
+	| sed s}QMAILHOME}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPAWN}"`head -1 conf-spawn`"}g \
+	> qmail-pw2u.8
+
+qmail-pw2u.o: \
+compile qmail-pw2u.c qmail-pw2u.c qmail-pw2u.c substdio.h \
+qmail-pw2u.c readwrite.h qmail-pw2u.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h qmail-pw2u.c sgetopt.h subgetopt.h sgetopt.h qmail-pw2u.c \
+control.h qmail-pw2u.c constmap.h qmail-pw2u.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h \
+stralloc.h qmail-pw2u.c fmt.h qmail-pw2u.c str.h qmail-pw2u.c scan.h \
+qmail-pw2u.c open.h qmail-pw2u.c error.h qmail-pw2u.c getln.h \
+qmail-pw2u.c auto_break.h qmail-pw2u.c auto_qmail.h qmail-pw2u.c \
+auto_usera.h qmail-pw2u.c
+	./compile qmail-pw2u.c
+
+qmail-qmtpd: \
+load qmail-qmtpd.o control.o constmap.o received.o date822fmt.o now.o \
+qmail.o fd.a wait.a datetime.a open.a getln.a sig.a case.a env.a \
+stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o
+	./load qmail-qmtpd control.o constmap.o received.o \
+	date822fmt.o now.o qmail.o fd.a wait.a datetime.a open.a \
+	getln.a sig.a case.a env.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a \
+	error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o 
+
+qmail-qmtpd.0: \
+qmail-qmtpd.8
+	nroff -man qmail-qmtpd.8 > qmail-qmtpd.0
+
+qmail-qmtpd.o: \
+compile qmail-qmtpd.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qmail-qmtpd.c \
+substdio.h qmail-qmtpd.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h \
+qmail-qmtpd.c qmail.h substdio.h substdio.h qmail.h qmail-qmtpd.c \
+now.h datetime.h now.h qmail-qmtpd.c str.h qmail-qmtpd.c fmt.h \
+qmail-qmtpd.c env.h qmail-qmtpd.c sig.h qmail-qmtpd.c auto_qmail.h \
+qmail-qmtpd.c now.h qmail-qmtpd.c datetime.h datetime.h qmail-qmtpd.c \
+date822fmt.h qmail-qmtpd.c readwrite.h qmail-qmtpd.c control.h \
+qmail-qmtpd.c constmap.h qmail-qmtpd.c received.h qmail-qmtpd.c
+	./compile qmail-qmtpd.c
+
+qmail-qread: \
+load qmail-qread.o fmtqfn.o readsubdir.o date822fmt.o datetime.a \
+open.a getln.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a \
+auto_qmail.o auto_split.o
+	./load qmail-qread fmtqfn.o readsubdir.o date822fmt.o \
+	datetime.a open.a getln.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a \
+	error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o auto_split.o 
+
+qmail-qread.0: \
+qmail-qread.8
+	nroff -man qmail-qread.8 > qmail-qread.0
+
+qmail-qread.o: \
+compile qmail-qread.c qmail-qread.c qmail-qread.c stralloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qmail-qread.c substdio.h qmail-qread.c subfd.h \
+substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h qmail-qread.c fmt.h qmail-qread.c str.h \
+qmail-qread.c getln.h qmail-qread.c fmtqfn.h qmail-qread.c \
+readsubdir.h direntry.h direntry.h direntry.h readsubdir.h \
+qmail-qread.c auto_qmail.h qmail-qread.c open.h qmail-qread.c \
+datetime.h qmail-qread.c date822fmt.h qmail-qread.c readwrite.h \
+qmail-qread.c error.h qmail-qread.c exit.h qmail-qread.c
+	./compile qmail-qread.c
+
+qmail-qstat: \
+warn-auto.sh qmail-qstat.sh conf-qmail conf-break conf-split
+	cat warn-auto.sh qmail-qstat.sh \
+	| sed s}QMAIL}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPLIT}"`head -1 conf-split`"}g \
+	> qmail-qstat
+	chmod 755 qmail-qstat
+
+qmail-qstat.0: \
+qmail-qstat.8
+	nroff -man qmail-qstat.8 > qmail-qstat.0
+
+qmail-queue: \
+load qmail-queue.o triggerpull.o fmtqfn.o now.o date822fmt.o \
+datetime.a seek.a ndelay.a open.a sig.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a \
+str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o auto_split.o auto_uids.o
+	./load qmail-queue triggerpull.o fmtqfn.o now.o \
+	date822fmt.o datetime.a seek.a ndelay.a open.a sig.a \
+	alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o \
+	auto_split.o auto_uids.o 
+
+qmail-queue.0: \
+qmail-queue.8
+	nroff -man qmail-queue.8 > qmail-queue.0
+
+qmail-queue.o: \
+compile qmail-queue.c qmail-queue.c qmail-queue.c readwrite.h \
+qmail-queue.c sig.h qmail-queue.c exit.h qmail-queue.c open.h \
+qmail-queue.c seek.h qmail-queue.c fmt.h qmail-queue.c alloc.h \
+qmail-queue.c substdio.h qmail-queue.c datetime.h qmail-queue.c now.h \
+datetime.h datetime.h now.h qmail-queue.c triggerpull.h qmail-queue.c \
+extra.h qmail-queue.c auto_qmail.h qmail-queue.c auto_uids.h \
+qmail-queue.c date822fmt.h qmail-queue.c fmtqfn.h qmail-queue.c
+	./compile qmail-queue.c
+
+qmail-remote: \
+load qmail-remote.o control.o constmap.o timeoutread.o timeoutwrite.o \
+timeoutconn.o tcpto.o now.o dns.o ip.o ipalloc.o ipme.o quote.o \
+ndelay.a case.a sig.a open.a lock.a seek.a getln.a stralloc.a alloc.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o dns.lib socket.lib
+	./load qmail-remote control.o constmap.o timeoutread.o \
+	timeoutwrite.o timeoutconn.o tcpto.o now.o dns.o ip.o \
+	ipalloc.o ipme.o quote.o ndelay.a case.a sig.a open.a \
+	lock.a seek.a getln.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a \
+	str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o  `cat dns.lib` `cat socket.lib`
+
+qmail-remote.0: \
+qmail-remote.8
+	nroff -man qmail-remote.8 > qmail-remote.0
+
+qmail-remote.o: \
+compile qmail-remote.c qmail-remote.c qmail-remote.c qmail-remote.c \
+qmail-remote.c sig.h qmail-remote.c getln.h qmail-remote.c stralloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qmail-remote.c substdio.h qmail-remote.c \
+subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h qmail-remote.c scan.h \
+qmail-remote.c case.h qmail-remote.c error.h qmail-remote.c \
+auto_qmail.h qmail-remote.c control.h qmail-remote.c dns.h \
+qmail-remote.c alloc.h qmail-remote.c quote.h qmail-remote.c ip.h \
+qmail-remote.c ipalloc.h ip.h ip.h ipalloc.h gen_alloc.h ipalloc.h \
+qmail-remote.c ipme.h ip.h ip.h ipme.h ipalloc.h ipalloc.h ipme.h \
+qmail-remote.c gen_alloc.h qmail-remote.c gen_allocdefs.h \
+gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h qmail-remote.c str.h qmail-remote.c \
+now.h datetime.h now.h qmail-remote.c exit.h qmail-remote.c \
+constmap.h qmail-remote.c tcpto.h qmail-remote.c timeoutconn.h \
+qmail-remote.c timeoutread.h qmail-remote.c timeoutwrite.h \
+qmail-remote.c
+	./compile qmail-remote.c
+
+qmail-rspawn: \
+load qmail-rspawn.o spawn.o tcpto_clean.o now.o coe.o sig.a open.a \
+seek.a lock.a wait.a fd.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a \
+auto_qmail.o auto_uids.o auto_spawn.o
+	./load qmail-rspawn spawn.o tcpto_clean.o now.o coe.o \
+	sig.a open.a seek.a lock.a wait.a fd.a stralloc.a alloc.a \
+	substdio.a error.a str.a auto_qmail.o auto_uids.o \
+	auto_spawn.o 
+
+qmail-rspawn.0: \
+qmail-rspawn.8
+	nroff -man qmail-rspawn.8 > qmail-rspawn.0
+
+qmail-rspawn.o: \
+compile qmail-rspawn.c fd.h qmail-rspawn.c wait.h qmail-rspawn.c \
+substdio.h qmail-rspawn.c exit.h qmail-rspawn.c fork.h qmail-rspawn.c \
+error.h qmail-rspawn.c tcpto.h qmail-rspawn.c
+	./compile qmail-rspawn.c
+
+qmail-send: \
+load qmail-send.o qsutil.o control.o constmap.o newfield.o prioq.o \
+trigger.o fmtqfn.o quote.o now.o readsubdir.o qmail.o date822fmt.o \
+datetime.a case.a ndelay.a getln.a wait.a seek.a fd.a sig.a open.a \
+lock.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o \
+auto_split.o
+	./load qmail-send qsutil.o control.o constmap.o newfield.o \
+	prioq.o trigger.o fmtqfn.o quote.o now.o readsubdir.o \
+	qmail.o date822fmt.o datetime.a case.a ndelay.a getln.a \
+	wait.a seek.a fd.a sig.a open.a lock.a stralloc.a alloc.a \
+	substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o auto_split.o 
+
+qmail-send.0: \
+qmail-send.8
+	nroff -man qmail-send.8 > qmail-send.0
+
+qmail-send.8: \
+qmail-send.9 conf-break conf-spawn
+	cat qmail-send.9 \
+	| sed s}QMAILHOME}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPAWN}"`head -1 conf-spawn`"}g \
+	> qmail-send.8
+
+qmail-send.o: \
+compile qmail-send.c qmail-send.c qmail-send.c readwrite.h \
+qmail-send.c sig.h qmail-send.c direntry.h direntry.h direntry.h \
+qmail-send.c control.h qmail-send.c select.h select.h select.h \
+select.h qmail-send.c open.h qmail-send.c seek.h qmail-send.c exit.h \
+qmail-send.c lock.h qmail-send.c ndelay.h qmail-send.c now.h \
+datetime.h now.h qmail-send.c getln.h qmail-send.c substdio.h \
+qmail-send.c alloc.h qmail-send.c error.h qmail-send.c stralloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qmail-send.c str.h qmail-send.c byte.h \
+qmail-send.c fmt.h qmail-send.c scan.h qmail-send.c case.h \
+qmail-send.c auto_qmail.h qmail-send.c trigger.h qmail-send.c \
+newfield.h stralloc.h stralloc.h newfield.h qmail-send.c quote.h \
+qmail-send.c qmail.h substdio.h substdio.h qmail.h qmail-send.c \
+qsutil.h qmail-send.c prioq.h datetime.h datetime.h prioq.h \
+gen_alloc.h prioq.h qmail-send.c constmap.h qmail-send.c fmtqfn.h \
+qmail-send.c readsubdir.h direntry.h readsubdir.h qmail-send.c
+	./compile qmail-send.c
+
+qmail-showctl: \
+load qmail-showctl.o control.o open.a getln.a stralloc.a alloc.a \
+substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o
+	./load qmail-showctl control.o open.a getln.a stralloc.a \
+	alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o 
+
+qmail-showctl.0: \
+qmail-showctl.8
+	nroff -man qmail-showctl.8 > qmail-showctl.0
+
+qmail-showctl.o: \
+compile qmail-showctl.c substdio.h qmail-showctl.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h qmail-showctl.c exit.h qmail-showctl.c fmt.h \
+qmail-showctl.c str.h qmail-showctl.c control.h qmail-showctl.c \
+constmap.h qmail-showctl.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h \
+qmail-showctl.c direntry.h direntry.h direntry.h qmail-showctl.c \
+auto_qmail.h qmail-showctl.c
+	./compile qmail-showctl.c
+
+qmail-smtpd: \
+load qmail-smtpd.o ip.o ipme.o ipalloc.o control.o constmap.o \
+received.o date822fmt.o now.o qmail.o fd.a wait.a datetime.a open.a \
+getln.a sig.a case.a env.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a \
+str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o socket.lib
+	./load qmail-smtpd ip.o ipme.o ipalloc.o control.o \
+	constmap.o received.o date822fmt.o now.o qmail.o fd.a \
+	wait.a datetime.a open.a getln.a sig.a case.a env.a \
+	stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a \
+	auto_qmail.o  `cat socket.lib`
+
+qmail-smtpd.0: \
+qmail-smtpd.8
+	nroff -man qmail-smtpd.8 > qmail-smtpd.0
+
+qmail-smtpd.o: \
+compile qmail-smtpd.c sig.h qmail-smtpd.c readwrite.h qmail-smtpd.c \
+getln.h qmail-smtpd.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qmail-smtpd.c \
+substdio.h qmail-smtpd.c alloc.h qmail-smtpd.c auto_qmail.h \
+qmail-smtpd.c control.h qmail-smtpd.c received.h qmail-smtpd.c \
+constmap.h qmail-smtpd.c error.h qmail-smtpd.c ipme.h ip.h ipme.h \
+ipalloc.h ip.h ip.h ipalloc.h gen_alloc.h ipalloc.h ipme.h \
+qmail-smtpd.c ip.h ip.h qmail-smtpd.c qmail.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+qmail.h qmail-smtpd.c str.h qmail-smtpd.c fmt.h qmail-smtpd.c byte.h \
+qmail-smtpd.c case.h qmail-smtpd.c env.h qmail-smtpd.c now.h \
+datetime.h now.h qmail-smtpd.c exit.h qmail-smtpd.c
+	./compile qmail-smtpd.c
+
+qmail-start: \
+load qmail-start.o prot.o fd.a auto_uids.o
+	./load qmail-start prot.o fd.a auto_uids.o 
+
+qmail-start.0: \
+qmail-start.8
+	nroff -man qmail-start.8 > qmail-start.0
+
+qmail-start.8: \
+qmail-start.9 conf-break conf-spawn
+	cat qmail-start.9 \
+	| sed s}QMAILHOME}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPAWN}"`head -1 conf-spawn`"}g \
+	> qmail-start.8
+
+qmail-start.o: \
+compile qmail-start.c fd.h qmail-start.c prot.h qmail-start.c exit.h \
+qmail-start.c fork.h qmail-start.c auto_uids.h qmail-start.c
+	./compile qmail-start.c
+
+qmail-tcpto: \
+load qmail-tcpto.o ip.o now.o open.a lock.a substdio.a error.a str.a \
+fs.a auto_qmail.o
+	./load qmail-tcpto ip.o now.o open.a lock.a substdio.a \
+	error.a str.a fs.a auto_qmail.o 
+
+qmail-tcpto.0: \
+qmail-tcpto.8
+	nroff -man qmail-tcpto.8 > qmail-tcpto.0
+
+qmail-tcpto.o: \
+compile qmail-tcpto.c substdio.h qmail-tcpto.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h qmail-tcpto.c auto_qmail.h qmail-tcpto.c fmt.h \
+qmail-tcpto.c ip.h qmail-tcpto.c lock.h qmail-tcpto.c error.h \
+qmail-tcpto.c exit.h qmail-tcpto.c datetime.h qmail-tcpto.c now.h \
+datetime.h datetime.h now.h qmail-tcpto.c
+	./compile qmail-tcpto.c
+
+qmail-upgrade.0: \
+qmail-upgrade.7
+	nroff -man qmail-upgrade.7 > qmail-upgrade.0
+
+qmail-upgrade.7: \
+qmail-upgrade.9 conf-break conf-spawn
+	cat qmail-upgrade.9 \
+	| sed s}QMAILHOME}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPAWN}"`head -1 conf-spawn`"}g \
+	> qmail-upgrade.7
+
+qmail-upq: \
+warn-auto.sh qmail-upq.sh conf-qmail conf-break conf-split
+	cat warn-auto.sh qmail-upq.sh \
+	| sed s}QMAIL}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPLIT}"`head -1 conf-split`"}g \
+	> qmail-upq
+	chmod 755 qmail-upq
+
+qmail-users.0: \
+qmail-users.5
+	nroff -man qmail-users.5 > qmail-users.0
+
+qmail-users.5: \
+qmail-users.9 conf-break conf-spawn
+	cat qmail-users.9 \
+	| sed s}QMAILHOME}"`head -1 conf-qmail`"}g \
+	| sed s}BREAK}"`head -1 conf-break`"}g \
+	| sed s}SPAWN}"`head -1 conf-spawn`"}g \
+	> qmail-users.5
+
+qmail.0: \
+qmail.7
+	nroff -man qmail.7 > qmail.0
+
+qmail.o: \
+compile qmail.c substdio.h qmail.c readwrite.h qmail.c wait.h qmail.c \
+exit.h qmail.c fork.h qmail.c fd.h qmail.c qmail.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h qmail.h qmail.c auto_qmail.h qmail.c
+	./compile qmail.c
+
+qreceipt: \
+load qreceipt.o headerbody.o hfield.o quote.o token822.o qmail.o \
+getln.a fd.a wait.a sig.a env.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a \
+str.a auto_qmail.o
+	./load qreceipt headerbody.o hfield.o quote.o token822.o \
+	qmail.o getln.a fd.a wait.a sig.a env.a stralloc.a alloc.a \
+	substdio.a error.a str.a auto_qmail.o 
+
+qreceipt.0: \
+qreceipt.1
+	nroff -man qreceipt.1 > qreceipt.0
+
+qreceipt.o: \
+compile qreceipt.c sig.h qreceipt.c env.h qreceipt.c substdio.h \
+qreceipt.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qreceipt.c subfd.h \
+substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h qreceipt.c getln.h qreceipt.c alloc.h \
+qreceipt.c str.h qreceipt.c hfield.h qreceipt.c token822.h \
+gen_alloc.h token822.h qreceipt.c error.h qreceipt.c gen_alloc.h \
+qreceipt.c gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h qreceipt.c \
+headerbody.h qreceipt.c exit.h qreceipt.c open.h qreceipt.c quote.h \
+qreceipt.c qmail.h substdio.h substdio.h qmail.h qreceipt.c
+	./compile qreceipt.c
+
+qsmhook: \
+load qsmhook.o sig.a case.a fd.a wait.a getopt.a env.a stralloc.a \
+alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a
+	./load qsmhook sig.a case.a fd.a wait.a getopt.a env.a \
+	stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a 
+
+qsmhook.o: \
+compile qsmhook.c fd.h qsmhook.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h \
+qsmhook.c readwrite.h qsmhook.c sgetopt.h subgetopt.h sgetopt.h \
+qsmhook.c wait.h qsmhook.c env.h qsmhook.c byte.h qsmhook.c str.h \
+qsmhook.c alloc.h qsmhook.c exit.h qsmhook.c fork.h qsmhook.c case.h \
+qsmhook.c subfd.h substdio.h subfd.h qsmhook.c error.h qsmhook.c \
+substdio.h substdio.h qsmhook.c sig.h qsmhook.c
+	./compile qsmhook.c
+
+qsutil.o: \
+compile qsutil.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h qsutil.c \
+readwrite.h qsutil.c substdio.h qsutil.c qsutil.h qsutil.c
+	./compile qsutil.c
+
+quote.o: \
+compile quote.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h quote.c str.h \
+quote.c quote.h quote.c
+	./compile quote.c
+
+readsubdir.o: \
+compile readsubdir.c readsubdir.h direntry.h direntry.h direntry.h \
+readsubdir.h readsubdir.c fmt.h readsubdir.c scan.h readsubdir.c \
+str.h readsubdir.c auto_split.h readsubdir.c
+	./compile readsubdir.c
+
+received.o: \
+compile received.c fmt.h received.c qmail.h substdio.h qmail.h \
+received.c now.h datetime.h now.h received.c datetime.h datetime.h \
+received.c date822fmt.h received.c received.h received.c
+	./compile received.c
+
+remoteinfo.o: \
+compile remoteinfo.c remoteinfo.c remoteinfo.c remoteinfo.c \
+remoteinfo.c byte.h remoteinfo.c substdio.h remoteinfo.c ip.h \
+remoteinfo.c fmt.h remoteinfo.c timeoutconn.h remoteinfo.c \
+timeoutread.h remoteinfo.c timeoutwrite.h remoteinfo.c remoteinfo.h \
+remoteinfo.c
+	./compile remoteinfo.c
+
+scan_8long.o: \
+compile scan_8long.c scan.h scan_8long.c
+	./compile scan_8long.c
+
+scan_nbblong.o: \
+compile scan_nbblong.c scan.h scan_nbblong.c
+	./compile scan_nbblong.c
+
+scan_ulong.o: \
+compile scan_ulong.c scan.h scan_ulong.c
+	./compile scan_ulong.c
+
+seek.a: \
+makelib seek_cur.o seek_end.o seek_set.o seek_trunc.o
+	./makelib seek.a seek_cur.o seek_end.o seek_set.o \
+	seek_trunc.o
+
+seek_cur.o: \
+compile seek_cur.c seek_cur.c seek.h seek_cur.c
+	./compile seek_cur.c
+
+seek_end.o: \
+compile seek_end.c seek_end.c seek.h seek_end.c
+	./compile seek_end.c
+
+seek_set.o: \
+compile seek_set.c seek_set.c seek.h seek_set.c
+	./compile seek_set.c
+
+seek_trunc.o: \
+compile seek_trunc.c seek_trunc.c seek.h seek_trunc.c
+	./compile seek_trunc.c
+
+select.h: \
+compile trysysel.c select.h1 select.h2
+	( ./compile trysysel.c >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+	&& cat select.h2 || cat select.h1 ) > select.h
+	rm -f trysysel.o trysysel
+
+sendmail: \
+load sendmail.o env.a getopt.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a \
+auto_qmail.o
+	./load sendmail env.a getopt.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a \
+	str.a auto_qmail.o 
+
+sendmail.o: \
+compile sendmail.c sgetopt.h subgetopt.h sgetopt.h sendmail.c \
+substdio.h sendmail.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h \
+sendmail.c alloc.h sendmail.c auto_qmail.h sendmail.c exit.h \
+sendmail.c env.h sendmail.c str.h sendmail.c
+	./compile sendmail.c
+
+setup: \
+it man conf-qmail
+	./qmail-hier | ./install `head -1 conf-qmail`
+
+sgetopt.o: \
+compile sgetopt.c substdio.h sgetopt.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h sgetopt.c sgetopt.h sgetopt.h subgetopt.h sgetopt.h sgetopt.c \
+subgetopt.h subgetopt.h sgetopt.c
+	./compile sgetopt.c
+
+shar: \
+FILES BLURB BLURB2 BLURB3 BLURB4 README FAQ INSTALL INSTALL.alias \
+INSTALL.boot INSTALL.ctl INSTALL.ids INSTALL.mbox INSTALL.qsmhook \
+UPGRADE THOUGHTS TODO THANKS CHANGES RFCHCSC RFCLOOPS RFCMXPS \
+RFCNETSTR RFCNRUDT RFCQMTP RFCQSBMF RFCVERP SECURITY INTERNALS FILES \
+VERSION SYSDEPS TARGETS Makefile conf-break auto_break.h conf-spawn \
+auto_spawn.h chkspawn.c conf-split auto_split.h conf-patrn \
+auto_patrn.h conf-users conf-groups auto_uids.h auto_usera.h extra.h \
+addresses.5 condredirect.1 dot-qmail.9 envelopes.5 forgeries.7 \
+forward.1 maildir2mbox.1 maildirmake.1 maildirwatch.1 mailsubj.1 \
+mbox.5 preline.1 qbiff.1 qlist.1 qmail-clean.8 qmail-command.8 \
+qmail-control.5 qmail-getpw.9 qmail-header.5 qmail-inject.8 \
+qmail-limits.9 qmail-local.8 qmail-log.5 qmail-lspawn.8 qmail-newu.8 \
+qmail-pop3d.8 qmail-popup.8 qmail-pw2u.9 qmail-qmtpd.8 qmail-qread.8 \
+qmail-qstat.8 qmail-queue.8 qmail-remote.8 qmail-rspawn.8 \
+qmail-send.9 qmail-showctl.8 qmail-smtpd.8 qmail-start.8 \
+qmail-tcpto.8 qmail-upgrade.9 qmail-users.5 qmail.7 qreceipt.1 \
+splogger.8 tcp-env.1 qmail-clean.c qmail-config.sh qmail-getpw.c \
+qmail-hier.c qmail-inject.c qmail-local.c qmail-lspawn.c qmail-newu.c \
+qmail-pop3d.c qmail-popup.c qmail-pw2u.c qmail-qmtpd.c qmail-qread.c \
+qmail-qstat.sh qmail-queue.c qmail-remote.c qmail-rspawn.c \
+qmail-send.c qmail-showctl.c qmail-smtpd.c qmail-start.c \
+qmail-tcpto.c spawn.c dnscname.c dnsfq.c dnsip.c dnsmxip.c dnsptr.c \
+hostname.c ipmeprint.c tcp-env.c sendmail.c qlist.c qreceipt.c \
+qsmhook.c qbiff.c forward.c preline.c predate.c condredirect.c \
+maildirmake.c maildir2mbox.c maildirwatch.c splogger.c qail.sh elq.sh \
+pinq.sh qlist2.sh qmail-upq.sh datemail.sh mailsubj.sh qlx.h \
+constmap.h constmap.c dnsdoe.h dnsdoe.c fmtqfn.h fmtqfn.c gfrom.h \
+gfrom.c myctime.h myctime.c newfield.h newfield.c qsutil.h qsutil.c \
+readsubdir.h readsubdir.c received.h received.c tcpto.h tcpto.c \
+tcpto_clean.c trigger.h trigger.c triggerpull.h triggerpull.c \
+trynpbg1.c trysyslog.c conf-cc conf-ld find-systype.sh \
+make-compile.sh make-load.sh make-makelib.sh trycpp.c warn-auto.sh \
+auto-str.c auto-int.c auto-int8.c auto-gid.c auto-uid.c install.c \
+instcheck.c alloc.3 alloc.h alloc.c alloc_re.c case.3 case.h \
+case_diffb.c case_diffs.c case_lowerb.c case_lowers.c case_starts.c \
+cdb.3 cdb.h cdb_hash.c cdb_seek.c cdb_unpack.c cdbmake.h \
+cdbmake_add.c cdbmake_hash.c cdbmake_pack.c cdbmss.h cdbmss.c coe.3 \
+coe.h coe.c fd.h fd_copy.3 fd_copy.c fd_move.3 fd_move.c fifo_make.3 \
+fifo.h fifo.c trymkffo.c fork.h1 fork.h2 tryvfork.c now.3 now.h now.c \
+open.h open_append.c open_excl.c open_read.c open_trunc.c \
+open_write.c seek.h seek_cur.c seek_end.c seek_set.c seek_trunc.c \
+conf-qmail auto_qmail.h qmail.h qmail.c gen_alloc.h gen_allocdefs.h \
+stralloc.3 stralloc.h stralloc_eady.c stralloc_pend.c stralloc_copy.c \
+stralloc_opyb.c stralloc_opys.c stralloc_cat.c stralloc_catb.c \
+stralloc_cats.c stralloc_arts.c strerr.h strerr_sys.c strerr_die.c \
+substdio.h substdio.c substdi.c substdo.c substdio_copy.c subfd.h \
+subfderr.c subfdouts.c subfdout.c subfdins.c subfdin.c readwrite.h \
+exit.h timeoutconn.h timeoutconn.c timeoutread.h timeoutread.c \
+timeoutwrite.h timeoutwrite.c remoteinfo.h remoteinfo.c uint32.h1 \
+uint32.h2 tryulong32.c wait.3 wait.h wait_pid.c wait_nohang.c \
+trywaitp.c sig.h sig_alarm.c sig_block.c sig_catch.c sig_pause.c \
+sig_pipe.c sig_child.c sig_term.c sig_hup.c sig_misc.c sig_bug.c \
+trysgact.c trysgprm.c env.3 env.h env.c envread.c byte.h byte_chr.c \
+byte_copy.c byte_cr.c byte_diff.c byte_rchr.c byte_zero.c str.h \
+str_chr.c str_cpy.c str_diff.c str_diffn.c str_len.c str_rchr.c \
+str_start.c lock.h lock_ex.c lock_exnb.c lock_un.c tryflock.c getln.3 \
+getln.h getln.c getln2.3 getln2.c sgetopt.3 sgetopt.h sgetopt.c \
+subgetopt.3 subgetopt.h subgetopt.c error.3 error_str.3 error_temp.3 \
+error.h error.c error_str.c error_temp.c fmt.h fmt_str.c fmt_strn.c \
+fmt_uint.c fmt_uint0.c fmt_ulong.c scan.h scan_ulong.c scan_8long.c \
+scan_nbblong.c slurpclose.h slurpclose.c quote.h quote.c hfield.h \
+hfield.c headerbody.h headerbody.c token822.h token822.c control.h \
+control.c datetime.3 datetime.h datetime.c datetime_un.c prioq.h \
+prioq.c date822fmt.h date822fmt.c dns.h dns.c trylsock.c tryrsolv.c \
+ip.h ip.c ipalloc.h ipalloc.c select.h1 select.h2 trysysel.c ndelay.h \
+ndelay.c ndelay_off.c direntry.3 direntry.h1 direntry.h2 trydrent.c \
+prot.h prot.c chkshsgr.c warn-shsgr tryshsgr.c ipme.h ipme.c \
+trysalen.c maildir.5 maildir.h maildir.c tcp-environ.5
+	shar -m `cat FILES` > shar
+	chmod 400 shar
+
+sig.a: \
+makelib sig_alarm.o sig_block.o sig_catch.o sig_pause.o sig_pipe.o \
+sig_child.o sig_hup.o sig_term.o sig_bug.o sig_misc.o
+	./makelib sig.a sig_alarm.o sig_block.o sig_catch.o \
+	sig_pause.o sig_pipe.o sig_child.o sig_hup.o sig_term.o \
+	sig_bug.o sig_misc.o
+
+sig_alarm.o: \
+compile sig_alarm.c sig_alarm.c sig.h sig_alarm.c
+	./compile sig_alarm.c
+
+sig_block.o: \
+compile sig_block.c sig_block.c sig.h sig_block.c hassgprm.h \
+sig_block.c
+	./compile sig_block.c
+
+sig_bug.o: \
+compile sig_bug.c sig_bug.c sig.h sig_bug.c
+	./compile sig_bug.c
+
+sig_catch.o: \
+compile sig_catch.c sig_catch.c sig.h sig_catch.c hassgact.h \
+sig_catch.c
+	./compile sig_catch.c
+
+sig_child.o: \
+compile sig_child.c sig_child.c sig.h sig_child.c
+	./compile sig_child.c
+
+sig_hup.o: \
+compile sig_hup.c sig_hup.c sig.h sig_hup.c
+	./compile sig_hup.c
+
+sig_misc.o: \
+compile sig_misc.c sig_misc.c sig.h sig_misc.c
+	./compile sig_misc.c
+
+sig_pause.o: \
+compile sig_pause.c sig_pause.c sig.h sig_pause.c hassgprm.h \
+sig_pause.c
+	./compile sig_pause.c
+
+sig_pipe.o: \
+compile sig_pipe.c sig_pipe.c sig.h sig_pipe.c
+	./compile sig_pipe.c
+
+sig_term.o: \
+compile sig_term.c sig_term.c sig.h sig_term.c
+	./compile sig_term.c
+
+slurpclose.o: \
+compile slurpclose.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h slurpclose.c \
+readwrite.h slurpclose.c slurpclose.h slurpclose.c
+	./compile slurpclose.c
+
+socket.lib: \
+trylsock.c compile load
+	( ( ./compile trylsock.c && \
+	./load trylsock -lsocket -lnsl ) >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+	&& echo -lsocket -lnsl || exit 0 ) > socket.lib
+	rm -f trylsock.o trylsock
+
+spawn.o: \
+compile chkspawn spawn.c spawn.c spawn.c sig.h spawn.c wait.h spawn.c \
+substdio.h spawn.c byte.h spawn.c str.h spawn.c stralloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h stralloc.h spawn.c select.h select.h select.h select.h \
+spawn.c exit.h spawn.c coe.h spawn.c open.h spawn.c error.h spawn.c \
+auto_qmail.h spawn.c auto_uids.h spawn.c auto_spawn.h spawn.c
+	./chkspawn
+	./compile spawn.c
+
+splogger: \
+load splogger.o substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a syslog.lib
+	./load splogger substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a  `cat \
+	syslog.lib`
+
+splogger.0: \
+splogger.8
+	nroff -man splogger.8 > splogger.0
+
+splogger.o: \
+compile splogger.c splogger.c splogger.c splogger.c error.h \
+splogger.c substdio.h splogger.c subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h \
+subfd.h splogger.c exit.h splogger.c str.h splogger.c scan.h \
+splogger.c fmt.h splogger.c
+	./compile splogger.c
+
+str.a: \
+makelib str_len.o str_diff.o str_diffn.o str_cpy.o str_chr.o \
+str_rchr.o str_start.o byte_chr.o byte_rchr.o byte_diff.o byte_copy.o \
+byte_cr.o byte_zero.o
+	./makelib str.a str_len.o str_diff.o str_diffn.o str_cpy.o \
+	str_chr.o str_rchr.o str_start.o byte_chr.o byte_rchr.o \
+	byte_diff.o byte_copy.o byte_cr.o byte_zero.o
+
+str_chr.o: \
+compile str_chr.c str.h str_chr.c
+	./compile str_chr.c
+
+str_cpy.o: \
+compile str_cpy.c str.h str_cpy.c
+	./compile str_cpy.c
+
+str_diff.o: \
+compile str_diff.c str.h str_diff.c
+	./compile str_diff.c
+
+str_diffn.o: \
+compile str_diffn.c str.h str_diffn.c
+	./compile str_diffn.c
+
+str_len.o: \
+compile str_len.c str.h str_len.c
+	./compile str_len.c
+
+str_rchr.o: \
+compile str_rchr.c str.h str_rchr.c
+	./compile str_rchr.c
+
+str_start.o: \
+compile str_start.c str.h str_start.c
+	./compile str_start.c
+
+stralloc.a: \
+makelib stralloc_eady.o stralloc_pend.o stralloc_copy.o \
+stralloc_opys.o stralloc_opyb.o stralloc_cat.o stralloc_cats.o \
+stralloc_catb.o stralloc_arts.o
+	./makelib stralloc.a stralloc_eady.o stralloc_pend.o \
+	stralloc_copy.o stralloc_opys.o stralloc_opyb.o \
+	stralloc_cat.o stralloc_cats.o stralloc_catb.o \
+	stralloc_arts.o
+
+stralloc_arts.o: \
+compile stralloc_arts.c byte.h stralloc_arts.c str.h stralloc_arts.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h stralloc_arts.c
+	./compile stralloc_arts.c
+
+stralloc_cat.o: \
+compile stralloc_cat.c byte.h stralloc_cat.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h \
+stralloc.h stralloc_cat.c
+	./compile stralloc_cat.c
+
+stralloc_catb.o: \
+compile stralloc_catb.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h \
+stralloc_catb.c byte.h stralloc_catb.c
+	./compile stralloc_catb.c
+
+stralloc_cats.o: \
+compile stralloc_cats.c byte.h stralloc_cats.c str.h stralloc_cats.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h stralloc_cats.c
+	./compile stralloc_cats.c
+
+stralloc_copy.o: \
+compile stralloc_copy.c byte.h stralloc_copy.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h \
+stralloc.h stralloc_copy.c
+	./compile stralloc_copy.c
+
+stralloc_eady.o: \
+compile stralloc_eady.c alloc.h stralloc_eady.c stralloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h stralloc.h stralloc_eady.c gen_allocdefs.h \
+gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h stralloc_eady.c
+	./compile stralloc_eady.c
+
+stralloc_opyb.o: \
+compile stralloc_opyb.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h \
+stralloc_opyb.c byte.h stralloc_opyb.c
+	./compile stralloc_opyb.c
+
+stralloc_opys.o: \
+compile stralloc_opys.c byte.h stralloc_opys.c str.h stralloc_opys.c \
+stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h stralloc_opys.c
+	./compile stralloc_opys.c
+
+stralloc_pend.o: \
+compile stralloc_pend.c alloc.h stralloc_pend.c stralloc.h \
+gen_alloc.h stralloc.h stralloc_pend.c gen_allocdefs.h \
+gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h stralloc_pend.c
+	./compile stralloc_pend.c
+
+strerr.a: \
+makelib strerr_sys.o strerr_die.o
+	./makelib strerr.a strerr_sys.o strerr_die.o
+
+strerr_die.o: \
+compile strerr_die.c substdio.h strerr_die.c subfd.h substdio.h \
+substdio.h subfd.h strerr_die.c exit.h strerr_die.c strerr.h \
+strerr_die.c
+	./compile strerr_die.c
+
+strerr_sys.o: \
+compile strerr_sys.c error.h strerr_sys.c strerr.h strerr_sys.c
+	./compile strerr_sys.c
+
+subfderr.o: \
+compile subfderr.c readwrite.h subfderr.c substdio.h subfderr.c \
+subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h subfderr.c
+	./compile subfderr.c
+
+subfdin.o: \
+compile subfdin.c readwrite.h subfdin.c substdio.h subfdin.c subfd.h \
+substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h subfdin.c
+	./compile subfdin.c
+
+subfdins.o: \
+compile subfdins.c readwrite.h subfdins.c substdio.h subfdins.c \
+subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h subfdins.c
+	./compile subfdins.c
+
+subfdout.o: \
+compile subfdout.c readwrite.h subfdout.c substdio.h subfdout.c \
+subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h subfdout.c
+	./compile subfdout.c
+
+subfdouts.o: \
+compile subfdouts.c readwrite.h subfdouts.c substdio.h subfdouts.c \
+subfd.h substdio.h substdio.h subfd.h subfdouts.c
+	./compile subfdouts.c
+
+subgetopt.o: \
+compile subgetopt.c subgetopt.h subgetopt.h subgetopt.c
+	./compile subgetopt.c
+
+substdi.o: \
+compile substdi.c substdio.h substdi.c byte.h substdi.c error.h \
+substdi.c
+	./compile substdi.c
+
+substdio.a: \
+makelib substdio.o substdi.o substdo.o subfderr.o subfdout.o \
+subfdouts.o subfdin.o subfdins.o substdio_copy.o
+	./makelib substdio.a substdio.o substdi.o substdo.o \
+	subfderr.o subfdout.o subfdouts.o subfdin.o subfdins.o \
+	substdio_copy.o
+
+substdio.o: \
+compile substdio.c substdio.h substdio.c
+	./compile substdio.c
+
+substdio_copy.o: \
+compile substdio_copy.c substdio.h substdio_copy.c
+	./compile substdio_copy.c
+
+substdo.o: \
+compile substdo.c substdio.h substdo.c str.h substdo.c byte.h \
+substdo.c error.h substdo.c
+	./compile substdo.c
+
+syslog.lib: \
+trysyslog.c compile load
+	( ( ./compile trysyslog.c && \
+	./load trysyslog -lgen ) >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+	&& echo -lgen || exit 0 ) > syslog.lib
+	rm -f trysyslog.o trysyslog
+
+systype: \
+find-systype trycpp.c
+	./find-systype > systype
+
+tcp-env: \
+load tcp-env.o dns.o remoteinfo.o timeoutread.o timeoutwrite.o \
+timeoutconn.o ip.o ipalloc.o case.a ndelay.a sig.a env.a getopt.a \
+stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a str.a fs.a dns.lib socket.lib
+	./load tcp-env dns.o remoteinfo.o timeoutread.o \
+	timeoutwrite.o timeoutconn.o ip.o ipalloc.o case.a ndelay.a \
+	sig.a env.a getopt.a stralloc.a alloc.a substdio.a error.a \
+	str.a fs.a  `cat dns.lib` `cat socket.lib`
+
+tcp-env.0: \
+tcp-env.1
+	nroff -man tcp-env.1 > tcp-env.0
+
+tcp-env.o: \
+compile tcp-env.c tcp-env.c tcp-env.c tcp-env.c tcp-env.c sig.h \
+tcp-env.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h tcp-env.c str.h tcp-env.c \
+env.h tcp-env.c fmt.h tcp-env.c scan.h tcp-env.c subgetopt.h \
+tcp-env.c ip.h tcp-env.c dns.h tcp-env.c byte.h tcp-env.c \
+remoteinfo.h tcp-env.c exit.h tcp-env.c case.h tcp-env.c
+	./compile tcp-env.c
+
+tcp-environ.0: \
+tcp-environ.5
+	nroff -man tcp-environ.5 > tcp-environ.0
+
+tcpto.o: \
+compile tcpto.c tcpto.h tcpto.c open.h tcpto.c lock.h tcpto.c seek.h \
+tcpto.c now.h datetime.h now.h tcpto.c ip.h tcpto.c byte.h tcpto.c \
+datetime.h datetime.h tcpto.c readwrite.h tcpto.c
+	./compile tcpto.c
+
+tcpto_clean.o: \
+compile tcpto_clean.c tcpto.h tcpto_clean.c open.h tcpto_clean.c \
+substdio.h tcpto_clean.c readwrite.h tcpto_clean.c
+	./compile tcpto_clean.c
+
+timeoutconn.o: \
+compile timeoutconn.c timeoutconn.c timeoutconn.c timeoutconn.c \
+timeoutconn.c ndelay.h timeoutconn.c select.h select.h select.h \
+select.h timeoutconn.c error.h timeoutconn.c readwrite.h \
+timeoutconn.c ip.h timeoutconn.c byte.h timeoutconn.c timeoutconn.h \
+timeoutconn.c
+	./compile timeoutconn.c
+
+timeoutread.o: \
+compile timeoutread.c timeoutread.h timeoutread.c select.h select.h \
+select.h select.h timeoutread.c error.h timeoutread.c readwrite.h \
+timeoutread.c
+	./compile timeoutread.c
+
+timeoutwrite.o: \
+compile timeoutwrite.c timeoutwrite.h timeoutwrite.c select.h \
+select.h select.h select.h timeoutwrite.c error.h timeoutwrite.c \
+readwrite.h timeoutwrite.c
+	./compile timeoutwrite.c
+
+token822.o: \
+compile token822.c stralloc.h gen_alloc.h stralloc.h token822.c \
+alloc.h token822.c str.h token822.c token822.h gen_alloc.h token822.h \
+token822.c gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h gen_allocdefs.h token822.c
+	./compile token822.c
+
+trigger.o: \
+compile trigger.c select.h select.h select.h select.h trigger.c \
+open.h trigger.c trigger.h trigger.c hasnpbg1.h trigger.c
+	./compile trigger.c
+
+triggerpull.o: \
+compile triggerpull.c ndelay.h triggerpull.c open.h triggerpull.c \
+triggerpull.h triggerpull.c
+	./compile triggerpull.c
+
+uint32.h: \
+tryulong32.c compile load uint32.h1 uint32.h2
+	( ( ./compile tryulong32.c && ./load tryulong32 && \
+	./tryulong32 ) >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+	&& cat uint32.h2 || cat uint32.h1 ) > uint32.h
+	rm -f tryulong32.o tryulong32
+
+wait.a: \
+makelib wait_pid.o wait_nohang.o
+	./makelib wait.a wait_pid.o wait_nohang.o
+
+wait_nohang.o: \
+compile wait_nohang.c wait_nohang.c wait_nohang.c haswaitp.h \
+wait_nohang.c
+	./compile wait_nohang.c
+
+wait_pid.o: \
+compile wait_pid.c wait_pid.c wait_pid.c error.h wait_pid.c
+	./compile wait_pid.c
diff --git a/README b/README
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+qmail 1.01
+19970413
+Copyright 1997
+D. J. Bernstein, qmail@pobox.com
+
+qmail is a secure, reliable, efficient, simple message transfer agent.
+It is meant as a replacement for the entire sendmail-binmail system on
+typical Internet-connected UNIX hosts. See BLURB, BLURB2, BLURB3, and
+BLURB4 for more detailed advertisements.
+
+INSTALL says how to set up and test qmail. If you're upgrading from
+1.00, read UPGRADE instead.
+
+See http://pobox.com/~djb/qmail.html for other qmail-related software
+and a pointer to the qmail mailing list.
+
+Other documentation here: RFC* explain solutions to several Internet
+mail problems; all of these except RFCMXPS are implemented in qmail.
+CHANGES and THANKS show how qmail has changed since it was first
+released. SECURITY, INTERNALS, THOUGHTS, and TODO record many of the
+qmail design decisions.
+
+The rest of this file is a list of systypes where various versions of
+qmail have been reported to work. 0.90 was the first gamma version. 0.96
+was the final gamma version. 1.00 had exactly the same code as 0.96. To
+see your systype, make systype; cat systype.
+
+1.00: a.ux-3.0-svr2-:-:-:mc68030-:- (tnx RF)
+0.96: aix-3-2-:-:-:000011216700-:- (tnx JLB)
+0.91: aix-3-2-:-:-:000109257500-:-
+0.96: aix-4-1-:-:-:000088581000-:- (tnx HJB)
+0.95: aix-4-1-:-:-:00061176a600-:- (tnx JS)
+1.00: aix-4-1-:-:-:00910033a000-:- (tnx K2J)
+0.91: aix-4-2-:-:-:006030934c00-:-
+1.00: bsd.os-2.0.1-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx KR)
+0.93: bsd.os-2.0.1-:i386-:-:pentium-:-
+0.96: bsd.os-2.1-:i386-:-:-:- (tnx DAR)
+1.00: bsd.os-2.1-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx RJC)
+0.96: bsd.os-2.1-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx DAR)
+0.96: dgux-5.4r2.01-generic-:-:-:aviion-:- (tnx HWM)
+0.93: dgux-5.4r3.10-generic-:-:-:aviion-:- (tnx HWM)
+0.91: freebsd-2.0.5-release-:i386-:-:-:- (tnx TG)
+0.92: freebsd-2.1-stable-:i386-:-:pentium.815\100-:-
+0.90: freebsd-2.1.0-release-:i386-:-:cy486dlc-:- (tnx G2A)
+1.00: freebsd-2.1.0-release-:i386-:-:i486-dx2-:- (tnx JLB)
+1.00: freebsd-2.1.0-release-:i386-:-:i486-dx-:- (tnx chrisj=???)
+0.96: freebsd-2.1.0-release-:i386-:-:pentium.735\90.or.815\100-:- (tnx MBS)
+0.95: freebsd-2.1.5-release-:i386-:-:-:- (tnx NAA)
+0.96: freebsd-2.1.5-release-:i386-:-:i486-dx-:- (tnx FN)
+0.95: freebsd-2.1.5-release-:i386-:-:pentium.510\60.or.567\66-:- (tnx M2L)
+0.95: freebsd-2.1.5-release-:i386-:-:pentium.735\90-:- (tnx AG)
+0.92: freebsd-2.1.5-stable-:i386-:-:pentium.735\90.or.815\100-:- (tnx FE)
+1.00: freebsd-2.1.6-release-:i386-:-:-:- (tnx TM)
+0.96: freebsd-2.1.6-release-:i386-:-:Pentium-Pro.150-:- (tnx CH)
+0.96: freebsd-2.1.6-release-:i386-:-:i486-dx-:- (tnx HCJ)
+0.95: freebsd-2.1.6-release-:i386-:-:pentium.735\90.or.815\100-:- (tnx M2L)
+0.96: freebsd-2.1.6.1-release-:i386-:-:pentium.735\90.or.815\100-:- (tnx MF)
+1.00: freebsd-2.1.7-release-:i386-:-:pentium.735\90.or.815\100-:- (tnx JBB)
+0.95: freebsd-2.2-beta_a-:i386-:-:i486-dx2-:- (tnx DA)
+0.91: freebsd-2.2-current-:i386-:-:i486-dx-:- (tnx DC)
+1.00: freebsd-2.2-release-:i386-:-:-:- (tnx MT)
+1.00: freebsd-2.2.1-release-:i386-:-:-:- (tnx TM)
+1.00: freebsd-2.2.1-release-:i386-:-:i486-dx2-:- (tnx BR)
+1.00: freebsd-2.2.1-release-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx IW)
+0.92: freebsd-3.0-current-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx J2M)
+1.00: hp-ux-b.09.00-a-:-:-:9000.360-:- (tnx VV)
+0.91: hp-ux-b.10.01-a-:-:-:9000.712-:- (tnx S2R)
+0.94: hp-ux-b.10.01-a-:-:-:9000.715-:- (tnx BG)
+0.91: hp-ux-b.10.01-a-:-:-:9000.801-:- (tnx S2T)
+0.93: irix-5.3-02091401-:-:-:ip22-:- (tnx PW)
+0.91: irix-5.3-11091811-:sgi-:-:ip19-:- (tnx BS)
+0.96: irix-5.3-11091812-:-:-:ip22-:- (tnx JL)
+1.00: irix-6.2-03131015-:-:-:ip22-:- (tnx SAS)
+0.92: linux-1.2.13-:i386-:-:i386-:- (tnx RN)
+1.00: linux-1.2.13-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx RF)
+0.96: linux-1.2.13-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx MEE)
+0.91: linux-1.3.90-:alpha-:-:alpha-:- (tnx ES)
+0.93: linux-1.99.6-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx TG)
+0.94: linux-2.0.0-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx PCO)
+1.00: linux-2.0.0-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx JJR)
+0.91: linux-2.0.1-:alpha-:-:alpha-:- (tnx BET)
+0.90: linux-2.0.1-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx DF)
+0.93: linux-2.0.1-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx FW)
+0.95: linux-2.0.6-:i386-:-:pentium-:-
+1.00: linux-2.0.6-:i386-:-:ppro-:- (tnx MR)
+0.96: linux-2.0.7-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx TLM)
+0.90: linux-2.0.7-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx K2J)
+0.94: linux-2.0.8-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx EP)
+0.90: linux-2.0.9-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx JM)
+0.90: linux-2.0.10-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx JL)
+0.90: linux-2.0.10-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx S2R)
+0.90: linux-2.0.11-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx ET)
+0.92: linux-2.0.12-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx TRR)
+0.90: linux-2.0.12-:i386-:-:ppro-:- (tnx SS)
+0.96: linux-2.0.13-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx BW)
+0.90: linux-2.0.14-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx PS)
+0.91: linux-2.0.15-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx CL)
+0.90: linux-2.0.16-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx AP)
+0.91: linux-2.0.17-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx JL)
+0.91: linux-2.0.17-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx SS)
+0.95: linux-2.0.18-:i386-:-:i386-:- (tnx RN)
+1.00: linux-2.0.18-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx JMS)
+1.00: linux-2.0.18-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx D2S)
+0.92: linux-2.0.19-:alpha-:-:alpha-:- (tnx BET)
+0.92: linux-2.0.20-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx RJH)
+0.92: linux-2.0.21-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx DCC)
+0.91: linux-2.0.21-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx root@contact=???)
+0.92: linux-2.0.22-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx root@attila=???)
+1.00: linux-2.0.22-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx MDI)
+1.00: linux-2.0.23-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx B2L)
+0.93: linux-2.0.23-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx IW)
+0.93: linux-2.0.24-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx root@cerberus=???)
+1.00: linux-2.0.24-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx VV)
+0.96: linux-2.0.25-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx BDB)
+1.00: linux-2.0.25-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx AP)
+0.93: linux-2.0.25-:i386-:-:ppro-:- (tnx CS)
+0.93: linux-2.0.26-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx blynch=???)
+0.96: linux-2.0.26-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx ESM)
+0.93: linux-2.0.26-:i386-:-:ppro-:- (tnx modus@enews=???)
+1.00: linux-2.0.27-:-:-:sparc-:- (tnx SVD)
+1.00: linux-2.0.27-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx FPL)
+1.00: linux-2.0.27-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx  root@bullwinkle=???)
+1.00: linux-2.0.27-:i386-:-:ppro-:- (tnx DE)
+1.00: linux-2.0.28-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx H2S)
+1.00: linux-2.0.28-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx root@duggy=???)
+1.00: linux-2.0.28-:i386-:-:ppro-:- (tnx KJS)
+1.00: linux-2.0.29-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx PK)
+1.00: linux-2.0.29-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx CL)
+1.00: linux-2.0.29-:i386-:-:ppro-:- (tnx MMM)
+0.92: linux-2.1.1-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx nick@sga2=???)
+0.92: linux-2.1.7-:i386-:-:ppro-:- (tnx JL)
+0.92: linux-2.1.9-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx AC)
+0.92: linux-2.1.10-:i386-:-:ppro-:- (tnx S3T)
+0.96: linux-2.1.13-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx ML)
+0.93: linux-2.1.13-:i386-:-:ppro-:- (tnx JL)
+0.96: linux-2.1.14-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx SCW)
+0.96: linux-2.1.23-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx JF)
+0.96: linux-2.1.25-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx JBF)
+0.96: linux-2.1.25-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx UO)
+1.00: linux-2.1.26-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx DK)
+1.00: linux-2.1.27-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx JF)
+1.00: linux-2.1.28-:i386-:-:pentium-:- (tnx RGS)
+1.00: linux-2.1.29-:i386-:-:i486-:- (tnx SJW)
+0.93: netbsd-1.2-:amiga-:-:amiga.4000.(m68040.cpu/mmu/fpu)-:- (tnx OS)
+0.96: netbsd-1.2-:i386-:-:pentium.(genuineintel.586-class.cpu)-:- (tnx GH)
+0.91: netbsd-1.2-:mac68k-:-:apple.macintosh.se/30..(68030)-:- (tnx hauke=???)
+0.92: netbsd-1.2b-:i386-:-:-:- (tnx MG)
+0.93: netbsd-1.2b-:i386-:-:pentium.(genuineintel.586-class.cpu)-:- (tnx MG)
+0.96: netbsd-1.2c-:pmax-:-:-:- (tnx JLW)
+0.92: nextstep-3.3-:hppa-:-:7100lc-:-
+0.92: nextstep-3.3-:i386-:-:pentium-:-
+0.91: openbsd-1.2-:openbsd.m68k-:-:mac68k-:- (tnx AKB)
+0.95: openbsd-2.0-:openbsd.i386-:-:i386-:- (tnx JPH)
+0.96: openbsd-2.0-:openbsd.m68k-:-:mac68k-:- (tnx AKB)
+1.00: openbsd-2.0-hoth#0-:openbsd.i386-:-:i386-:- (tnx MBS)
+1.00: openbsd-2.0-mr_potatoe_head#2-:openbsd.i386-:-:i386-:- (JJMK)
+0.96: openbsd-2.0-puma#1-:openbsd.m68k-:-:mac68k-:- (tnx AB)
+0.92: osf1-v3.0-347-:-:-:alpha-:- (tnx B2H)
+0.92: osf1-v4.0-386-:-:-:alpha-:- (tnx WW)
+0.96: sco_sv-3.2-2-:-:-:i386-:- (tnx DEH)
+0.96: sunos-4.1.3_u1-1-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4c-:sun4c- (tnx MBS)
+0.91: sunos-4.1.3_u1-1-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx IS)
+0.92: sunos-4.1.3_u1-2-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4c-:sun4c- (tnx ANR)
+0.93: sunos-4.1.3_u1-4-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx J2B)
+1.00: sunos-4.1.3_u1-4-:unknown-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx J2B)
+0.91: sunos-4.1.3_u1-9-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx TA)
+0.91: sunos-4.1.4-2-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4c-:sun4c- (tnx ST)
+0.95: sunos-4.1.4-2-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx TG)
+0.95: sunos-4.1c-4.1.3-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4-:s4000- (tnx DBK)
+0.91: sunos-5.4-generic-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m-
+0.96: sunos-5.4-generic_101945-10-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx W2K)
+0.93: sunos-5.4-generic_101945-23-:-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx JP)
+0.92: sunos-5.4-generic_101945-23-:sparc-:-:sun4c-:- (tnx BH)
+1.00: sunos-5.4-generic_101945-34-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx ACB)
+0.92: sunos-5.4-generic_101945-36-:-:sun4-:sun4c-:sun4c- (tnx JP)
+0.95: sunos-5.4-generic_101945-43-:-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx JP)
+0.90: sunos-5.4-generic_101946-07-:-:i86pc-:i86pc-:i86pc- (tnx CR)
+0.96: sunos-5.4-generic_101946-35-:i386-:i86pc-:i86pc-:i86pc- (tnx CK)
+0.96: sunos-5.5-generic-:i386-:i86pc-:i86pc-:i86pc- (tnx M2G)
+0.93: sunos-5.5-generic-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4c-:sun4c- (tnx CG)
+1.00: sunos-5.5-generic-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx SG)
+1.00: sunos-5.5-generic_103093-02-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx RF)
+0.91: sunos-5.5-generic_103093-03-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4d-:sun4d- (tnx M3S)
+0.96: sunos-5.5-generic_103093-03-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx RDM)
+0.91: sunos-5.5-generic_103093-03-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4u-:sun4u- (tnx olav=???)
+0.92: sunos-5.5-generic_103093-05-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx KE)
+0.93: sunos-5.5-generic_103093-06-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4d-:sun4d- (tnx KT)
+1.00: sunos-5.5-generic_103093-06-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx TEE)
+0.94: sunos-5.5-generic_103094-01-:i386-:i86pc-:i86pc-:i86pc- (tnx MD)
+0.91: sunos-5.5-generic_103094-03-:i386-:i86pc-:i86pc-:i86pc- (tnx ding=???)
+1.00: sunos-5.5.1-generic-:i386-:i86pc-:i86pc-:i86pc- (tnx DML)
+1.00: sunos-5.5.1-generic-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx JMT)
+1.00: sunos-5.5.1-generic-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4u-:sun4u- (tnx TH)
+0.96: sunos-5.5.1-generic_103640-02-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx SGC)
+0.95: sunos-5.5.1-generic_103640-03-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx MRG)
+1.00: sunos-5.5.1-generic_103640-03-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4u-:sun4u- (tnx EG)
+1.00: sunos-5.5.1-generic_103640-05-:sparc-:sun4-:sun4m-:sun4m- (tnx L2L)
+0.96: sunos-5.5.1-generic_patch-:i386-:i86pc-:i86pc-:i86pc- (tnx DK)
+0.96: ultrix-4.3-1-:pmax-:-:risc-:- (tnx YF)
diff --git a/RFCHCSC b/RFCHCSC
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+The Hash Convention For Mail System Status Codes (HCMSSC)
+D. J. Bernstein, djb@pobox.com
+19970201
+
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   RFC 1893 defines codes for mail delivery failures. For example,
+   code 5.1.1 means that the specified mailbox does not exist.
+
+   The qmail package sprays these codes all over the place, by adding a
+   code to the text of every error message, preceded by a hash mark and
+   surrounded by parentheses. It avoids using hash marks elsewhere.
+
+
+2. Examples
+
+   Here is a typical HCMSSC SMTP error message:
+
+      421 load average too high, please come back later (#4.3.2)
+
+   Here is part of a typical HCMSSC bounce message:
+
+      <mail-loop@silverton.berkeley.edu>:
+      This is looping; it already has my Delivered-To line. (#5.7.1)
+
+   But qmail doesn't use HCMSSC when it repeats another MTA's error
+   message:
+
+      <foo@heaven.af.mil>:
+      127.3.4.5 does not like recipient.
+      Remote host said: 550 <foo>... User unknown (#5.1.1)
+
+
+3. Security considerations
+
+   Don't take drastic action upon seeing "(#"; it might not be HCMSSC.
diff --git a/RFCLOOPS b/RFCLOOPS
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+Tools in the war on mail loops
+D. J. Bernstein, djb@pobox.com
+19970201
+
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   An automailer means any program that receives a mail message and
+   automatically sends one or more mail messages. This term is meant to
+   include not only a mail-based server, such as a mailing list exploder
+   or a vacation program, but also an SMTP server, which receives a
+   message from the network and relays it to a local or remote user.
+
+   In a network full of automailers, any mistake can cause a mail loop.
+   Since some automailers generate several outputs in response to a
+   single input, a loop can produce an exponential explosion of mail.
+
+   All the automailers in the qmail package follow a general philosophy
+   designed to prevent mail loops and limit the damage from any loops
+   that do occur. These automailers have been repeatedly observed to
+   fail safe: they stop loops in the face of typical failures by other
+   hosts. This document explains the philosophy and describes the
+   automailers.
+
+   To some extent the philosophy here simply repeats and amplifies
+   standard practice as codified in RFC 974 and RFC 1123. Unfortunately,
+   the standards do not adequately control bounce loops, since they do
+   not recognize that postmasters want to see double bounces; they do
+   not adequately control relaying loops; and they do not prevent
+   cross-host forwarding loops.
+
+   Terminology: The mail message received by an automailer is called
+   input. The mail messages sent by an automailer are called outputs.
+   For simplicity, this document focuses on the case that the input has
+   just one envelope recipient.
+
+   REMINDER: This document describes the automailers in the qmail
+   package. Other packages include automailers that do not fit the
+   descriptions given here.
+
+   Beware that the war on mail loops can never be won: any method of
+   preventing mail loops can be subverted by other hosts. I welcome
+   further development of techniques that work well in practice.
+
+
+2. Basics
+
+   The output from an automailer is always further down the following
+   list than the input.
+
+      0 hops, <sender> is neither <> nor <#@[]>  normal messages
+      1 hop, <sender> is neither <> nor <#@[]>
+      2 hops, <sender> is neither <> nor <#@[]>
+      etc.
+      0 hops, <sender> is <>                     bounces
+      1 hop, <sender> is <>
+      2 hops, <sender> is <>
+      etc.
+      0 hops, <sender> is <#@[]>                 double bounces
+      1 hop, <sender> is <#@[]>
+      2 hops, <sender> is <#@[]>
+      etc.
+
+   Here sender means the envelope sender address. Hops means the number
+   of Received and Delivered-To fields in the header. See sections 3.3
+   and 3.4 for an explanation of <> and <#@[]>.
+
+   Consequently, no automailer ever generates an entirely new normal
+   message in response to a normal message. If the output is a normal
+   message, it always has more hops than the input.
+
+   When input and output are both normal messages, both bounces, or both
+   double bounces, the output header is essentially the same as the
+   input header. However, when an automailer moves from a normal message
+   to a bounce, or from a bounce to a double bounce, it generates an
+   entirely new header.
+
+   An automailer may refuse to operate if the input has too many hops.
+   The definition of too many hops depends on the automailer. This
+   practice is called hop counting. Note that some existing messages
+   legitimately take as many as 20 hops. One automailer uses a limit of
+   100 hops; this will be adequate for all messages in the foreseeable
+   future.
+
+   Hop counting is a weapon of last resort. It will, if correctly
+   implemented, prevent all infinite loops; however, even a finite loop
+   can do practically infinite damage, as illustrated in section 4.3.
+
+
+3. Pre-delivery automailers
+
+   Conceptually: The input is a message that has not yet reached its
+   envelope recipient address. It is fed to a relay, which attempts to
+   deliver the message directly to, or at least closer to, that address;
+   if the relay fails permanently, the message is fed to a bouncer or a
+   double-bouncer. Relays, bouncers, and double-bouncers are examples of
+   pre-delivery automailers.
+
+   A pre-delivery automailer produces at most one output.
+
+   The basic weapon against pre-delivery mail loops is gravity. A normal
+   message always moves closer to its envelope recipient, according to a
+   notion of distance defined in section 3.1. If it bounces before
+   reaching the recipient, it turns into a bounce message, which always
+   moves closer to the original envelope sender. If that in turn
+   bounces, it turns into a double bounce, which always moves closer to
+   a local postmaster. (Triple bounces do not exist.)
+
+
+3.1. Distance
+
+   The distance from a DNS domain D to a recipient U@R is defined as
+   follows, when R has an MX list: the minimum preference of D in the
+   MX list, or 100000 if D does not appear in the list.
+
+   When R has no MX records, the distance from R to U@R is defined as 0,
+   and the distance from any other domain to U@R is defined as 100000.
+
+   Exception: If R is an alias, i.e., if R has a CNAME record, the
+   distance from any domain to U@R is defined as 500000.
+
+   The distance from a host H to U@R is defined as the minimum distance
+   to U@R from any domain that touches H. (``D touches H'' means ``D has
+   an A record listing one of H's IP addresses.'')
+
+   Exception: If H does not accept mail from the network, its distance
+   to any recipient is defined as 999999.
+
+
+3.2. Relays
+
+   A relay is a pre-delivery automailer that sends the output towards
+   the envelope recipient. What this means for intra-host relays is not
+   discussed here. What this means for cross-host relays is the
+   following: if the relay is at host H, and it sends its output to host
+   T, then the distance from T to the output envelope recipient is
+   always smaller than the distance from H to the input envelope
+   recipient.
+
+   The following facts guarantee that certain cross-host relay behavior
+   is safe. For proofs of these facts, see Appendix A.
+
+      Fact 1: If R is an alias for X, X is not an alias, D touches T,
+      and T accepts mail from the network, then the distance from T to
+      U@X is smaller than the distance from H to U@R.
+
+      Fact 2: If R is not an alias, R has no MX records, H is not
+      touched by R, T is touched by R, and T accepts mail from the
+      network, then T is closer to U@R than H is.
+
+      Fact 3: If R is not an alias, R has an MX record with domain X and
+      preference p, H is not touched by any of the domains in the MX
+      list for R with preference <= p, T is touched by X, and T accepts
+      mail from the network, then T is closer to U@R than H is.
+
+   Also, a host that does not accept mail from the network can relay
+   messages to a nearby hub.
+
+   A relay adds a new Received header field to the top of the output.
+   Other than this, the output header, body, and envelope are exactly
+   the same as the input header, body, and envelope. Exception: If the
+   input envelope recipient is U@R, R is an alias for X, and X is not
+   an alias, the output envelope recipient is U@X.
+
+
+3.3. Bouncers
+
+   A bouncer is a pre-delivery automailer that lets the envelope sender
+   know what happened to a message. Most bouncers send failure notices.
+   Some bouncers, such as vacation servers and echo servers, send
+   success notices.
+
+   In a bouncer's output, the envelope sender is <>, and the envelope
+   recipient is the input envelope sender. A bouncer refuses to operate
+   if the input envelope sender is <> or <#@[]>.
+
+   Some mailers on the Internet do not understand the <> convention. In
+   fact, some mailers will rewrite <> as <@host>. So any message with an
+   envelope recipient of <> or <@host> is discarded upon local delivery.
+
+   Unlike a relay, a bouncer produces output with a new header, not
+   simply a copy of the input header. For example:
+
+      (envelope) from <> to <djb@silverton.berkeley.edu>
+      Date: 2 Jan 1996 03:38:25 GMT
+      From: DELIVERY NOTICE SYSTEM <MAILER-DAEMON@heaven.af.mil>
+      To: djb@silverton.berkeley.edu
+      Subject: failure notice
+
+   However, the body of the bounce indicates the relevant input envelope
+   recipient, as well as the Message-ID of the input, if the input had a
+   Message-ID. The body of a failure notice includes a copy of the
+   entire input message.
+
+
+3.4. Double-bouncers
+
+   A double-bouncer is a pre-delivery automailer that informs a local
+   postmaster of permanent failures to deliver bounce messages. Such
+   failures are generally caused by poorly configured hosts that produce
+   normal messages with faulty envelope sender addresses.
+
+   A double-bouncer refuses to operate unless the input envelope sender
+   is <>. The output envelope sender from a double-bouncer is <#@[]>;
+   note that <#@[]> cannot be used as an SMTP envelope sender under
+   RFC 821. The output envelope recipient is predetermined.
+
+   Note that double bounces are not suggested by RFC 1123. However,
+   faulty envelope sender addresses are usually configuration errors
+   that can and should be fixed. Some postmasters, faced with mail
+   software that throws away double bounces, resort to keeping copies of
+   all bounces; but single bounces are rarely the postmaster's problem.
+
+
+4. Post-delivery automailers
+
+   Conceptually: The input is a message that has reached its envelope
+   recipient address. It is fed to a post-delivery automailer at that
+   address.
+
+   The basic weapon against post-delivery loops is a new header field,
+   Delivered-To, tracing all the forwarders and mailing lists that a
+   message has been through. This field has the side benefit of making
+   it much easier for a user (or for a postmaster seeing a bounce) to
+   figure out the path that the message took. Delivered-To is similar to
+   RFC 1327's DL-Expansion-History, but (1) it omits the time stamp,
+   removing any need for parsing, and (2) it has a much better name.
+
+
+4.1. Exploders and repliers
+
+   There are two basic types of post-delivery automailers: exploders,
+   where the output envelope recipients are predetermined; and repliers,
+   where there is just one output, with envelope recipient determined
+   from the input.
+
+   Repliers normally determine the output envelope recipient as either
+   the input Reply-To header field, if it exists; or else the input
+   From header field, if it exists; or else the envelope sender. A
+   replier never produces an output to <> or <#@[]>.
+
+   Exploders are classified into mailing lists, where the output
+   envelope senders are predetermined, and forwarders, where every
+   output has envelope sender equal to the original envelope sender.
+
+   Exception: if the input envelope sender is <> or <#@[]>, then the
+   output envelope senders are equal to the input envelope sender, even
+   for a mailing list.
+
+   Note that, if the envelope sender of a mailing list with M bad
+   addresses is another exploder with E bad addresses, the local
+   postmaster will receive EM double bounces for each message to the
+   mailing list.
+
+
+4.2. Delivered-To
+
+   Every post-delivery automailer adds a new Delivered-To header field
+   to the top of each output.
+
+   The contents of the Delivered-To field are typically the address of
+   the automailer, i.e., the input envelope recipient, conventionally
+   without any quoting. The contents of the Delivered-To field are in
+   any case entirely predetermined. The automailer checks if exactly the
+   same Delivered-To field already appears in the header; if so, it
+   refuses to operate. 
+
+   A post-delivery automailer preserves existing Delivered-To and
+   Received fields. In fact, a post-delivery automailer generally
+   preserves all header fields. The exceptions are limited to known
+   fields that are not used for loop detection and that must be removed
+   for correct operation. For example, a replier generally changes the
+   body of a message and thus should not preserve the SVR4
+   Content-Length field.
+
+
+4.3. An example
+
+   Aliases and mailing lists are highly dangerous, because they can
+   generate several outputs for each input.
+
+   Here is an extreme example. A user has three accounts, and wants any
+   message to any of the accounts to be delivered to all three. So he
+   forwards luser@host1 to luser@host2 and luser@host3, forwards
+   luser@host2 to luser@host1 and luser@host3, and forwards luser@host3
+   to luser@host1 and luser@host2.
+
+   Without Delivered-To, someone who sends a message to luser@host1 will
+   receive a practically infinite series of bounces. For example, with a
+   hop count limit of 50, the sender will receive 1125899906842624
+   bounces.
+
+   If all the hosts, or two out of the three, support Delivered-To, the
+   message will bounce just a few times. If just one of the hosts
+   supports Delivered-To, it will be the unfortunate victim of a loop
+   between the other two hosts---although the total number of bounces
+   will drop from practically infinite down to a few hundred, with
+   typical hop count limits.
+
+
+Appendix A. Proofs of correctness for MX handling
+
+   Section 3.2 states three facts about the notion of distance defined
+   in section 3.1. Here are mathematical proofs of those facts.
+
+   Symbols: D, E, R, and X are domains; H and T are hosts; p and q are
+   nonnegative integers. {} is the empty set.
+
+   Hypotheses: M(R), the ``MX list for R,'' is a set of pairs (p,D)
+   where p <= 65535. There is a set A of domains, called ``aliases.''
+   There is a relation D->H, called ``D touches H.'' There is a set N of
+   hosts, called ``hosts that accept mail from the network.''
+
+   Definitions: m(D,R) = min { p: p = 100000 or (p,D) in M(R) } when
+   M(R) is nonempty. When M(R) is empty, m(D,R) is 0 if D = R, 100000
+   otherwise. f(D,R) is defined as 500000 if R is in A, m(D,R)
+   otherwise; this is the ``distance from D to U@R,'' for any U. g(H,R)
+   is defined as min { f(D,R): D->H } if H is in N, 999999 otherwise;
+   this is the ``distance from H to U@R,'' for any U.
+
+   Fact 1 (generalized): If R is in A, X is not in A, D->T, and T is in
+   N, then g(T,X) < g(H,R). Proof: R is in A, so f(E,R) = 500000 for any
+   E; thus g(H,R) >= 500000. X is not in A, so f(D,X) = m(D,X) <=
+   100000; hence g(T,X) <= f(D,X) <= 100000 < g(H,R).
+
+   Fact 2: If R is not in A, M(R) = {}, R->T, T is in N, and not R->H,
+   then g(T,R) < g(H,R). Proof: f(R,R) = m(R,R) = 0 since R is not in A
+   and M(R) = {}. T is in N so g(T,R) <= f(R,R) = 0 so g(T,R) = 0.
+   Suppose that g(H,R) <= g(T,R). Then g(H,R) = 0, so f(D,R) = 0 for
+   some D with D->H, so m(D,R) = 0. But then D = R by definition of m,
+   so R->H. Contradiction. Thus g(T,R) < g(H,R).
+
+   Fact 3: If R is not in A, (p,X) is in M(R), X->T, T is in N, and
+   (q,D) is not in M(R) whenever D->H and q <= p, then g(T,R) < g(H,R).
+   Proof: First m(X,R) <= p. R is not in A, so f(X,R) = m(X,R). T is in
+   N, so g(T,R) <= f(X,R). Thus g(T,R) <= p. Suppose that g(H,R) <= p.
+   Then f(D,R) <= p for some D with D->H, so m(D,R) <= p. But then
+   (m(D,R),D) is in M(R). Contradiction. Thus g(T,R) <= p < g(H,R).
diff --git a/RFCMXPS b/RFCMXPS
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+The Mail Exchanger Protocol Switch (MXPS)
+D. J. Bernstein, djb@pobox.com
+19970201
+
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   Mail messages today are transferred through the Simple Mail Transfer
+   Protocol (SMTP). One can imagine other protocols that achieve the
+   same results as SMTP but that, for example, use the network more
+   efficiently.
+
+   The Mail Exchanger Protocol Switch (MXPS) lets other protocols
+   compete with SMTP. A receiver can announce its support for another
+   protocol while operating properly with MXPS-ignorant senders. A
+   sender can check for support, with no overhead, while operating
+   properly with MXPS-ignorant receivers.
+
+   All receivers must support SMTP, i.e., must be able to receive
+   messages via SMTP. Similarly, all senders must be able to send
+   messages via SMTP.
+
+
+2. The protocol switch
+
+   MXPS abuses the preference field of MX records. A protocol is
+   assigned to each possible preference.
+
+   SMTP is assigned to preferences 0 through 10000.
+
+   The initial MXPS experiment will involve preferences between 12800
+   and 13055 inclusive. These preferences are sliced into 16 portions:
+
+      12800, 12816, 12832, 12848, 12864, ..., 13040: slice #0 (SMTP)
+      12801, 12817, 12833, 12849, 12865, ..., 13041: slice #1 (QMTP)
+      12802, 12818, 12834, 12850, 12866, ..., 13042: slice #2
+      ...
+      12815, 12831, 12847, 12863, 12879, ..., 13055: slice #15
+
+   Preferences in slice #0 are assigned SMTP. Preferences in slice #1
+   are assigned the Quick Mail Transfer Protocol (QMTP). Preferences in
+   the remaining slices may be assigned protocols in the future.
+
+   A receiver must support the protocol assigned to its preference. More
+   precisely, if an MX record points to domain D, and the MX preference
+   is assigned protocol P, then every host listed as an A record for D
+   must support protocol P.
+
+   When a sender, following the procedure outlined in RFC 974 (and
+   modified by RFC 1123), attempts to deliver a mail message as
+   specified by that MX record, it may use protocol P instead of SMTP.
+   If it does not support protocol P, it may treat the attempt as a
+   temporary failure and go on to the next MX record. However, the
+   sender must not skip every MX record.
+
+   MX records must never use unassigned preferences. A sender may treat
+   an unassigned preference as referring to SMTP.
+
+   Example: 
+
+      A.EXAMPLE.ORG  IN  MX  12801  A.EXAMPLE.ORG
+      B.EXAMPLE.ORG  IN  MX  12801  A.EXAMPLE.ORG
+                     IN  MX  12816  C.EXAMPLE.ORG
+
+   A sender with a message for A.EXAMPLE.ORG will try A.EXAMPLE.ORG by
+   QMTP. If it does not support QMTP, it will try SMTP instead. Note
+   that A.EXAMPLE.ORG must support both QMTP and SMTP.
+
+   A sender with a message for B.EXAMPLE.ORG will try A.EXAMPLE.ORG by
+   QMTP, then C.EXAMPLE.ORG by SMTP. If it does not support QMTP, it may
+   try SMTP instead of QMTP, or it may skip A.EXAMPLE.ORG.
+
+   Some of the above requirements might be violated if current
+   MXPS-ignorant domains use any preferences above 10000. Mail could be
+   unnecessarily rejected if any existing MXPS-ignorant domains have a
+   best-preference MX above 10000. I do not know any examples of such
+   domains.
+
+
+3. Protocol requirements
+
+   MXPS operates purely at the link level. It does not change the
+   fundamental nature of Internet mail.
+
+   The function of a mail transfer protocol is to transmit a message, as
+   described below, together with an envelope sender address and one or
+   more envelope recipient addresses.
+
+   A recipient address is a sequence of characters---i.e., nonnegative
+   integers---including an ASCII @ (64). It is parsed as box@dom, where
+   dom does not contain an @. The interpretation of box is up to the
+   hosts listed as MX records for dom. A sender address may contain an
+   @, in which case it is also of the form box@dom; or it may be a
+   special address, such as the empty string.
+
+   A mail message is structured as a sequence of lines. A line is a
+   sequence of characters. Every mail transfer protocol must be able to
+   transmit all sufficiently short boring mail messages. A boring mail
+   message is one where (1) no line has more than 80 characters and (2)
+   each character is either 9 or between 32 and 127 inclusive. Note that
+   RFC 1341 defines a mechanism for encoding a message with characters
+   between 0 and 255 inclusive as a boring mail message of similar
+   length.
+
+   The receiver must indicate, for each recipient address, either
+   acceptance, permanent rejection, or temporary rejection of the
+   message. Acceptance means that the receiver has taken responsibility,
+   in the sense of RFC 1123, section 5.3.3, for delivering the message
+   to that recipient. Rejection means that the receiver will not deliver
+   the message to that recipient.
+
+   Mail transfer protocols may vary in many details, such as line
+   encodings, the means of expressing acceptance or rejection, the
+   maximum number of allowable recipients per envelope, the encoding of
+   envelope addresses, the nature of optional protocol extensions, etc.
+
+
+4. Security considerations
+
+   MXPS does not change the following facts: An attacker who can subvert
+   the Domain Name System can steal or forge mail. An attacker who can
+   subvert TCP/IP can also steal or forge mail.
diff --git a/RFCNETSTR b/RFCNETSTR
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+Netstrings
+D. J. Bernstein, djb@pobox.com
+19970201
+
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   A netstring is a self-delimiting encoding of a string. Netstrings are
+   very easy to generate and to parse. Any string may be encoded as a
+   netstring; there are no restrictions on length or on allowed bytes.
+   Another virtue of a netstring is that it declares the string size up
+   front. Thus an application can check in advance whether it has enough
+   space to store the entire string.
+
+   Netstrings may be used as a basic building block for reliable network
+   protocols. Most high-level protocols, in effect, transmit a sequence
+   of strings; those strings may be encoded as netstrings and then
+   concatenated into a sequence of characters, which in turn may be
+   transmitted over a reliable stream protocol such as TCP.
+
+   Note that netstrings can be used recursively. The result of encoding
+   a sequence of strings is a single string. A series of those encoded
+   strings may in turn be encoded into a single string. And so on.
+
+   In this document, a string of 8-bit bytes may be written in two
+   different forms: as a series of hexadecimal numbers between angle
+   brackets, or as a sequence of ASCII characters between double quotes.
+   For example, <68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21> is a string of
+   length 12; it is the same as the string "hello world!".
+
+   Although this document restricts attention to strings of 8-bit bytes,
+   netstrings could be used with any 6-bit-or-larger character set.
+
+
+2. Definition
+
+   Any string of 8-bit bytes may be encoded as [len]":"[string]",".
+   Here [string] is the string and [len] is a nonempty sequence of ASCII
+   digits giving the length of [string] in decimal. The ASCII digits are
+   <30> for 0, <31> for 1, and so on up through <39> for 9. Extra zeros
+   at the front of [len] are prohibited: [len] begins with <30> exactly
+   when [string] is empty.
+
+   For example, the string "hello world!" is encoded as <31 32 3a 68
+   65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 2c>, i.e., "12:hello world!,". The
+   empty string is encoded as "0:,".
+
+   [len]":"[string]"," is called a netstring. [string] is called the
+   interpretation of the netstring.
+
+
+3. Sample code
+
+   The following C code starts with a buffer buf of length len and
+   prints it as a netstring.
+
+      if (printf("%lu:",len) < 0) barf();
+      if (fwrite(buf,1,len,stdout) < len) barf();
+      if (putchar(',') < 0) barf();
+
+   The following C code reads a netstring and decodes it into a
+   dynamically allocated buffer buf of length len.
+
+      if (scanf("%9lu",&len) < 1) barf();  /* >999999999 bytes is bad */
+      if (getchar() != ':') barf();
+      buf = malloc(len + 1);       /* malloc(0) is not portable */
+      if (!buf) barf();
+      if (fread(buf,1,len,stdin) < len) barf();
+      if (getchar() != ',') barf();
+
+   Both of these code fragments assume that the local character set is
+   ASCII, and that the relevant stdio streams are in binary mode.
+
+
+4. Security considerations
+
+   The famous Finger security hole may be blamed on Finger's use of the
+   CRLF encoding. In that encoding, each string is simply terminated by
+   CRLF. This encoding has several problems. Most importantly, it does
+   not declare the string size in advance. This means that a correct
+   CRLF parser must be prepared to ask for more and more memory as it is
+   reading the string. In the case of Finger, a lazy implementor found
+   this to be too much trouble; instead he simply declared a fixed-size
+   buffer and used C's gets() function. The rest is history.
+
+   In contrast, as the above sample code shows, it is very easy to
+   handle netstrings without risking buffer overflow. Thus widespread
+   use of netstrings may improve network security.
diff --git a/RFCNRUDT b/RFCNRUDT
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+Notice-Requested-Upon-Delivery-To (NRUDT)
+D. J. Bernstein, djb@pobox.com
+19970201
+
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   The UNIX sendmail program has for many years supported a
+   Return-Receipt-To (RRT) header field that requests a notice of
+   successful final delivery.
+
+   Notice-Requested-Upon-Delivery-To (NRUDT) has the same basic
+   function. The big difference is that RRT lists the sender's address,
+   while NRUDT lists the recipient's address.
+
+   This change is critical. RRT works poorly for messages to multiple
+   recipients, because it requests a notice from every recipient. RRT in
+   a message to a large mailing list produces a giant, usually
+   unintentional, flood of mail. This problem is so severe that RRT has
+   been disabled in recent versions of sendmail.
+
+   NRUDT is designed to be adopted immediately, with minimal disruption,
+   as a solution to the problems of RRT. Note that NRUDT is merely a
+   request for notification; unlike the link-level Delivery Status
+   Notification SMTP extension, NRUDT does not provide a guarantee of
+   notification.
+
+   NRUDT is supported by the qreceipt program in the qmail package.
+
+
+2. Syntax
+
+   NRUDT is a field in the header of an RFC 822 mail message. It has the
+   following syntax:
+
+      "Notice-Requested-Upon-Delivery-To" ":" 1#address
+
+   See RFC 822 for more information about header fields and addresses.
+
+   NRUDT requests that, upon final delivery of the message to any of the
+   specified addresses, the sender be notified. Note that more than one
+   address can appear in a single NRUDT header field. Multiple NRUDT
+   header fields should not appear in a single message.
+
+
+3. Response
+
+   Upon successful final delivery of a message to any address listed in
+   an NRUDT header field, the host performing delivery may, if desired,
+   generate a success notice.
+
+   The success notice is similar to a failure notice as described in RFC
+   1123. Its envelope sender is <>. Its envelope recipient is the
+   envelope sender of the original message; however, if the envelope
+   sender of the original message is <>, a success notice is not sent.
+
+   The body of the success notice does not contain a copy of the
+   original message, but it does indicate the Message-ID of the original
+   message, as well as the relevant recipient address.
+
+   A success notice may indicate delivery to several addresses. For
+   example, given the following message:
+
+      (envelope) from djb@silverton.berkeley.edu 
+      (envelope) to god@heaven.af.mil, angels@heaven.af.mil
+      Date: 1 Jan 1996 21:43:34 GMT
+      From: "D. J. Bernstein" <djb@silverton.berkeley.edu>
+      Message-Id: <19960101214334.8529.qmail@silverton.berkeley.edu>
+      Notice-Requested-Upon-Delivery-To: God <god@heaven.af.mil>,
+        angels@heaven.af.mil (You Know Who You Are)
+      ...
+
+   a host may respond as follows:
+
+      (envelope) from <> to djb@silverton.berkeley.edu
+      Date: 1 Jan 1996 21:43:37 GMT
+      From: DELIVERY NOTICE SYSTEM <MAILER-DAEMON@heaven.af.mil>
+      To: djb@silverton.berkeley.edu
+      Subject: success notice
+
+      I delivered <19960101214334.8529.qmail@silverton.berkeley.edu>
+      to the following local mailboxes:
+
+         god@heaven.af.mil
+         angels@heaven.af.mil
+
+      Thanks for asking.
+
+   However, a success notice is never merged with a failure notice.
diff --git a/RFCQMTP b/RFCQMTP
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+Quick Mail Transfer Protocol (QMTP)
+D. J. Bernstein, djb@pobox.com
+19970201
+
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   The Quick Mail Transfer Protocol (QMTP) is a replacement for the
+   Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). QMTP eliminates any need for
+   end-of-line scanning between hosts with the same end-of-line
+   convention. It features automatic pipelining and chunking, 8-bit
+   transmission, prior declaration of the message size, and efficient
+   batching. It is designed to be very easy to implement.
+
+   QMTP is supported by the qmail-qmtpd and maildir2qmtp programs in the
+   qmail package.
+
+   In this document, a string of 8-bit bytes may be written in two
+   different forms: as a series of hexadecimal numbers between angle
+   brackets, or as a sequence of ASCII characters between double quotes.
+   For example, <68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21> is a string of
+   length 12; it is the same as the string "hello world!". Note that
+   these notations are part of this document, not part of the protocol.
+
+
+2. Protocol
+
+   A QMTP client connects to a QMTP server, as discussed in section 7,
+   over a reliable stream protocol allowing transmission of 8-bit bytes.
+
+   Protocol outline: the client sends one or more packages; after each
+   package, the server sends back some responses.
+
+   The client begins by sending a package. A package contains a mail
+   message, an envelope sender address, and one or more envelope
+   recipient addresses. See section 4 for the format of a package.
+
+   When the server sees the end of the package, it sends back a series
+   of responses, one response for each envelope recipient address, in
+   the same order as given by the client. The server is not permitted to
+   change the order under any circumstances, even if two addresses are
+   the same. See section 5 for the format of a response.
+
+   The server is not permitted to send any portion of its responses to a
+   package until the client has sent the final byte of the package. The
+   client is permitted to close the connection before sending the final
+   byte of the package; in this case, the server must throw away the
+   package without attempting to deliver the message. However, the
+   server must not throw away previously accepted messages.
+
+   The client does NOT need to wait for a server response before sending
+   another package. The server must NOT throw away incoming data when it
+   sends a response. It is the client's responsibility to avoid
+   deadlock: if it sends a package before receiving all expected server
+   responses, it must continuously watch for those responses. The server
+   is permitted to delay its responses if further data has already shown
+   up from the client; while it is delaying responses, it must not pause
+   to wait for further data for the client.
+
+   The server is permitted to close the connection at any time, although
+   high-quality servers will try to avoid doing so. Any response not
+   received by the client indicates a temporary failure.
+
+   A QMTP session should take at most 1 hour. Both sides are expected
+   to close the connection after this time.
+
+
+3. Messages
+
+   In this document, an ``8-bit mail message'' means a sequence of
+   lines. Each line is a string of zero or more 8-bit bytes.
+
+   A message is called ``safe'' if none of its bytes are <0a>.
+
+   Implementation note: Here is the intended interpretation of text
+   files as messages under some current operating systems. Under DOS, a
+   message is stored on disk as
+
+      first line, <0d 0a>, second line, <0d 0a> ... <0d 0a>, last line.
+
+   Under UNIX, a message is stored on disk as
+
+      first line, <0a>, second line, <0a> ... <0a>, last line.
+
+   Notice that both of these encodings are reversible for safe messages.
+
+   In practice, it is very common for the last line to be empty. Many
+   existing utilities refer to the last line as a ``partial line'' and
+   ignore it whether or not it is empty.
+
+
+4. Packages
+
+   A package is the concatenation of three strings:
+
+      first, an encoded 8-bit mail message;
+      second, an encoded envelope sender address;
+      third, an encoded series of encoded envelope recipient addresses.
+
+   Each envelope address is a string of 8-bit bytes. The interpretation
+   of addresses depends on the environment in which QMTP is used and is
+   outside the scope of this document. Each address is encoded as a
+   netstring, as discussed in section 6. The series of encoded recipient
+   addresses is in turn encoded as a netstring.
+
+   A message is encoded as a string of 8-bit bytes in one of two ways:
+
+      Encoding #1 is <0d>, the first line, <0d 0a>, the second line,
+      <0d 0a>, the third line, ..., <0d 0a>, the last line.
+
+      Encoding #2 is <0a>, the first line, <0a>, the second line, <0a>,
+      the third line, ..., <0a>, the last line.
+
+   This string of 8-bit bytes is in turn encoded as a netstring, as
+   discussed in section 6.
+
+   Every server must be prepared to handle encoding #1 and encoding #2.
+   A server must not reject a message merely because of its encoding.
+
+   Implementation note: The intent of encoding #1 and encoding #2 is to
+   allow very straightforward handling of text files under DOS and UNIX
+   respectively. The programmer can print <0d> or <0a> and then simply
+   copy the file.
+
+
+5. Responses
+
+   Each response is a nonempty string of 8-bit bytes, encoded as a
+   netstring. The first byte of the string is one of the following:
+
+      "K" The message has been accepted for delivery to this envelope
+          recipient. This is morally equivalent to the 250 response to
+          DATA in SMTP; it is subject to the reliability requirements
+          of RFC 1123, section 5.3.3.
+
+      "Z" Temporary failure. The client should try again later.
+
+      "D" Permanent failure.
+
+   The remaining bytes are a description of what happened. It is
+   expected that the description, when interpreted as UTF-2 characters,
+   (1) will be human-readable, (2) will not repeat the envelope
+   recipient address, and (3) will not include formatting characters
+   other than <20>. However, these expectations are not requirements,
+   and the client should be ready for arbitrary bytes from the server.
+
+   Descriptions beginning with <20> are reserved for future extensions.
+   In descriptions not beginning with <20>, the character "#" must not
+   appear except in HCMSSC codes.
+
+   A server must NOT accept a safe message unless it can store the
+   message without corruption. More precisely: if the encoded message
+   sent by the client matches the encoding of some safe message M, then
+   acceptance means that the server is accepting responsibility to
+   deliver M to the envelope recipient. (There is at most one
+   possibility for M, since encodings are reversible on safe messages.)
+   Deletion of nulls is NOT permissible; a server that deletes nulls
+   must reject any message containing nulls. Folding of long lines and
+   high-bit stripping are also NOT permissible.
+
+   Servers are permitted to change unsafe messages.
+
+
+6. Netstrings
+
+   Any string of 8-bit bytes may be encoded as [len]":"[string]",".
+   Here [string] is the string and [len] is a nonempty sequence of ASCII
+   digits giving the length of [string] in decimal. The ASCII digits are
+   <30> for 0, <31> for 1, and so on up through <39> for 9. Extra zeros
+   at the front of [len] are prohibited: [len] begins with <30> exactly
+   when [string] is empty.
+
+   For example, the string "hello world!" is encoded as <31 32 3a 68
+   65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 2c>, i.e., "12:hello world!,". The
+   empty string is encoded as "0:,".
+
+   [len]":"[string]"," is called a netstring. [string] is called the
+   interpretation of the netstring.
+
+
+7. Encapsulation
+
+   QMTP may be used on top of TCP. A QMTP-over-TCP server listens for
+   TCP connections on port 209.
+
+
+8. Examples
+
+   A client opens a connection and sends the concatenation of the
+   following strings:
+
+      "246:" <0a>
+         "Received: (qmail-queue invoked by uid 0);"
+         " 29 Jul 1996 09:36:40 -0000" <0a>
+         "Date: 29 Jul 1996 11:35:35 -0000" <0a>
+         "Message-ID: <19960729113535.375.qmail@heaven.af.mil>" <0a>
+         "From: God@heaven.af.mil" <0a>
+         "To: djb@silverton.berkeley.edu (D. J. Bernstein)" <0a>
+         <0a>
+         "This is a test." <0a> ","
+      "24:" "God-DSN-37@heaven.af.mil" ","
+      "30:" "26:djb@silverton.berkeley.edu," ","
+
+      "356:" <0d>
+         "From: MAILER-DAEMON@heaven.af.mil" <0d 0a>
+         "To:" <0d 0a>
+         "   Hate." <22> "The Quoting" <22>
+	 "@SILVERTON.berkeley.edu," <0d 0a>
+         "   " <22> "\\Backslashes!" <22>
+	 "@silverton.BERKELEY.edu" <0d 0a>
+         <0d 0a>
+         "The recipient addresses here could"
+	 " have been encoded in SMTP as" <0d 0a>
+         "" <0d 0a>
+         "   RCPT TO:<Hate.The\ Quoting@silverton.berkeley.EDU>" <0d 0a>
+         "   RCPT TO:<\\Backslashes!@silverton.berkeley.edu>" <0d 0a>
+         <0d 0a>
+         "This ends with a partial last line, right here" ","
+      "0:" ","
+      "83:" "39:Hate.The Quoting@silverton.berkeley.edu,"
+         "36:\Backslashes!@silverton.berkeley.EDU," ","
+      
+   The server sends the following response, indicating acceptance:
+
+      "21:Kok 838640135 qp 1390,"
+      "21:Kok 838640135 qp 1391,"
+      "21:Kok 838640135 qp 1391,"
+
+   The client closes the connection.
diff --git a/RFCQSBMF b/RFCQSBMF
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+The qmail-send Bounce Message Format (QSBMF)
+D. J. Bernstein, djb@pobox.com
+19970201
+
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   When a message transport agent (MTA) finds itself permanently unable
+   to deliver a mail message, it generates a new message, generally
+   known as a bounce message, back to the envelope sender.
+
+   Bounce messages produced by the qmail-send program display the list
+   of failed recipient addresses, an explanation for each address, and a
+   copy of the original message, in a format that is easy for both
+   humans and programs to read. For example:
+
+      Date: 17 Mar 1996 03:54:40 -0000
+      From: MAILER-DAEMON@silverton.berkeley.edu
+      To: djb@silverton.berkeley.edu
+      Subject: failure notice
+      
+      Hi. This is the qmail-send program at silverton.berkeley.edu.
+      I'm afraid I wasn't able to deliver your message to the
+      following addresses. This is a permanent error; I've given up.
+      Sorry it didn't work out.
+      
+      <god@heaven.af.mil>:
+      Sorry, I couldn't find any host by that name.
+      
+      --- Below this line is a copy of the message.
+      
+      Return-Path: <djb@silverton.berkeley.edu>
+      Received: (qmail 317 invoked by uid 7); 17 Mar 1996 03:54:38 -0000
+      Date: 17 Mar 1996 03:54:38 -0000
+      Message-ID: <19960317035438.316.qmail@silverton.berkeley.edu>
+      From: djb@silverton.berkeley.edu (D. J. Bernstein)
+      To: god@heaven.af.mil
+      Subject: are you there?
+      
+      Just checking.
+
+   This document defines qmail-send's format for bounce messages.
+
+   In this document, a string of 8-bit bytes may be written in two
+   different forms: as a series of hexadecimal numbers between angle
+   brackets, or as a sequence of ASCII characters between double quotes.
+   For example, <68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21> is a string of
+   length 12; it is the same as the string "hello world!".
+
+
+2. Format
+
+   A bounce message may be recognized as QSBMF as follows: its body
+   begins with the characters "Hi. This is the" exactly as shown.
+
+   The body of the message has four pieces: an introductory paragraph,
+   zero or more recipient paragraphs, a break paragraph, and the
+   original message.
+
+   Each paragraph is a series of non-blank lines followed by a single
+   blank line. The break paragraph begins with the character "-". All
+   other paragraphs begin with characters other than "-". The break
+   paragraph is human-readable but provides no interesting information.
+
+   The introductory paragraph is human-readable. It gives the name and
+   human-comprehensible location of the MTA, but parsers should not
+   attempt to use this information.
+
+   The only type of recipient paragraph described here is a failure
+   paragraph, which begins with the character "<". Paragraphs beginning
+   with other characters are reserved for future extensions.
+
+   The first line of a failure paragraph ends with the characters ">:".
+   Everything between the leading "<" and the trailing ">:" is an
+   (unquoted) Internet mail address.
+
+   A failure paragraph asserts that the MTA was permanently unable to
+   deliver the message to the mail address shown on the first line; the
+   MTA will not attempt further deliveries to that address. The
+   remaining lines of the paragraph give a human-readable description of
+   the reason for failure. Descriptions beginning with <20>, and
+   descriptions containing "#", are reserved for future extensions.
+
+   The envelope sender might not have sent his message to the address
+   shown. There are two reasons for this. First, the MTA may freely
+   replace unprintable characters with "_". Second, the original 
+   recipient address may have been an alias for the address shown.
+
+   The original message is an exact copy of the message received by the
+   MTA, including both header and body, preceded by a Return-Path field
+   showing the envelope sender.
+
+
+3. Comparison with 1892/1894
+
+   RFC 1892 and RFC 1894 together describe a format for delivery status
+   notifications. I have decided not to use that format, because I
+   believe that its complexity will prevent wide implementation and
+   increase the burden on people who manage mailing lists.
+
+   QSBMF is dedicated to failure reports, whereas RFC 1894 allows
+   success reports and deferral reports. Although it would be possible
+   to add deferral paragraphs and success paragraphs to QSBMF, it would
+   be even easier to design separate formats for such notices. I have
+   trouble reading mixed failure/deferral reports.
+
+   QSBMF always returns the entire original message. RFC 1892 allows
+   the MTA to return nothing or to return just the headers; it states
+   ``Return of content may be wasteful of network bandwidth.'' However,
+   failure notices are very rare, so the overall loss of bandwidth in
+   this case is insignificant. A much more important issue is storage
+   space: someone who manages a big mailing list does not want to have
+   to store several copies of each message in the form of bounces. The
+   best solution is to have each bounce automatically fed through a
+   program that stores only the critical information. I expect such
+   programs to spring up quickly for QSBMF.
+
+   RFC 1894 provides language-independent error messages, as described
+   by RFC 1893. One can achieve the same results more easily by adding
+   structure to the human-readable failure descriptions, for example
+   with HCMSSC.
+
+   RFC 1894 is able to communicate an ``envelope ID'' and the original
+   envelope recipient address specified by the sender. Unfortunately,
+   this information will almost never be available, since it requires
+   support by every intermediate MTA. All of the applications of this
+   information can be handled reliably, right now, with VERPs; this
+   requires support from the sender's MTA but not from other hosts.
+
+   RFC 1894 includes several pieces of information that might be of
+   human interest but can be seen just as easily from Received lines:
+   the name of the MTA where delivery failed, the name of the previous
+   MTA, timestamps, etc.
+
+   All of these RFC 1894 features have a cost: complexity. A program
+   cannot parse an 1894 report without parsing RFC 822 header fields
+   and understanding quite a bit of MIME. This will limit the
+   availability of parsing software. In the meantime, such reports are
+   annoying to mailing list maintainers, since they are full of
+   uninteresting information and are difficult to parse visually.
+
+
+4. Security considerations
+
+   Bounce messages may be forged. Never remove someone from a mailing
+   list without sending him a message stating that you are doing so,
+   even if the reason for removal is a series of apparent bounce
+   messages from his address.
+
+   If you send a message along a secret path, you should change the
+   envelope sender address of the message to yourself, so that a bounce
+   will not reveal anything to the original sender. In other words: for
+   secret forwarding, use a mailing list, not a forwarder.
+
+   See RFC 1894 for further discussion of these points.
diff --git a/RFCVERP b/RFCVERP
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+Variable Envelope Return Paths
+D. J. Bernstein, djb@pobox.com
+19970201
+
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   The fundamental problem in managing a large mailing list is matching
+   bounce messages to subscription addresses.
+
+   Often a bounce message refers to a failing address that does not
+   appear on the mailing list. One of the mailing list subscribers is
+   forwarding messages to that address. Which subscriber? As the list
+   grows, this question becomes more and more difficult to answer.
+
+   Sometimes a bounce message doesn't identify the address that failed.
+   On occasion it doesn't even include a copy of the original message.
+   See RFC 1211 for an extensive collection of horror stories.
+
+   In theory, one could solve this problem with the DSN option and DSN
+   format described in RFC 1891, RFC 1892, and RFC 1894. Unfortunately,
+   the DSN option is useless unless it is supported by every
+   intermediate MTA. The complexity of RFC 1891 means that it will be
+   many years, perhaps infinitely many, before DSNs are universally
+   supported. Furthermore, the complexity of RFC 1894 means that parsing
+   the subscriber address is difficult even on the occasions that the
+   address is available.
+
+   Variable envelope return paths (VERPs) completely eliminate this
+   problem _right now_. They automatically and reliably identify the
+   subscription address relevant to each bounce message. They provide
+   the address in a form that is trivial for automated bounce handlers
+   to parse. They require support from the local mailer, but they do not
+   require support from any other hosts.
+
+
+2. Variable envelope return paths
+
+   Here is how VERPs work: each recipient of the message sees a
+   different envelope sender address. When a message to the
+   djb-sos@silverton.berkeley.edu mailing list is sent to
+   God@heaven.af.mil, for example, it has the following envelope sender:
+
+      djb-sos-owner-God=heaven.af.mil@silverton.berkeley.edu
+
+   If the message bounces, the bounce message will be sent back to
+   djb-sos-owner-God=heaven.af.mil@silverton.berkeley.edu.
+
+   If God is forwarding His mail, the bounce message will still go to
+   djb-sos-owner-God=heaven.af.mil@silverton.berkeley.edu. No matter how
+   uninformative the bounce message is, it will display God's
+   subscription address in its envelope.
+
+   Another benefit of VERPs is that God Himself can see what address He
+   used to subscribe.
+
+   Making VERPs work requires two pieces of local software support.
+   First: it must be easy to modify the outgoing sender address
+   separately for each envelope recipient. For example, with one mailer,
+   qmail, a user can simply touch ~/.qmail-list-owner and
+   ~/.qmail-list-owner-default to apply VERPs to user-list.
+
+   Second, and more important: it must be easy to identify a collection
+   of addresses, such as djb-sos-owner-*, and send all mail for those
+   addresses to one place, while preserving the * information. Under
+   qmail, all user-list-owner-* mail will be sent to the user once he
+   touches ~/.qmail-list-owner-default. Sending the mail through an
+   automated bounce-handling program is just as easy.
+
+   With older mailers, applying VERPs would require setting up a new
+   user-list-owner-recipient alias for each new recipient. This
+   inconvenience has prevented VERPs from being widely exploited, even
+   though the idea is not new.
+
+
+3. Per-message VERPs
+
+   VERPs are not restricted to distinguishing mailing list subscribers;
+   they can also be used to distinguish messages.
+
+   For example, a user can send one message with an envelope sender
+   address of user-dsn-1, the next message with user-dsn-2, and so on.
+   As long as the local mailer gives all user-dsn-* back to that user,
+   he can reliably match up incoming bounces with outgoing messages.
+
+   Per-message VERPs can be combined with per-recipient VERPs. Every
+   application of RFC 1891's ORCPT and ENVID can be handled with
+   VERPs---easily, reliably, and right now.
diff --git a/SECURITY b/SECURITY
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+Background: Every few months CERT announces Yet Another Security Hole In
+Sendmail---something that lets local or even remote users take complete
+control of the machine. I'm sure there are many more holes waiting to be
+discovered; sendmail's design means that any minor bug in 46000 lines of
+code is a major security risk. Other popular mailers, such as Smail, and
+even mailing-list managers, such as Majordomo, seem nearly as bad.
+
+I started working on qmail because I was sick of this cycle of doom.
+Here are some of the things I did to make sure that qmail will never let
+an intruder into your machine.
+
+
+1. Programs and files are not addresses. Don't treat them as addresses.
+
+sendmail treats programs and files as addresses. Obviously random people
+can't be allowed to execute arbitrary programs or write to arbitrary
+files, so sendmail goes through horrendous contortions trying to keep
+track of whether a local user was ``responsible'' for an address. This
+has proven to be an unmitigated disaster.
+
+In qmail, programs and files are not addresses. The local delivery
+agent, qmail-local, can run programs or write to files as directed by
+~user/.qmail, but it's always running as that user. (The notion of
+``user'' is configurable, but root is never a user. To prevent silly
+mistakes, qmail-local makes sure that neither ~user nor ~user/.qmail is
+group-writable or world-writable.)
+
+Security impact: .qmail, like .cshrc and .exrc and various other files,
+means that anyone who can write arbitrary files as a user can execute
+arbitrary programs as that user. That's it.
+
+
+2. Do as little as possible in setuid programs.
+
+A setuid program must operate in a very dangerous environment: a user is
+under complete control of its fds, args, environ, cwd, tty, rlimits,
+timers, signals, and more. Even worse, the list of controlled items
+varies from one vendor's UNIX to the next, so it is very difficult to
+write portable code that cleans up everything.
+
+Of the twelve most recent sendmail security holes, six worked only
+because the entire sendmail system is setuid.
+
+Only one qmail program is setuid: qmail-queue. Its only purpose is to
+add a new mail message to the outgoing queue.
+
+
+3. Do as little as possible as root.
+
+The entire sendmail system runs as root, so there's no way that its
+mistakes can be caught by the operating system's built-in protections.
+In contrast, only two qmail programs, qmail-start and qmail-lspawn,
+run as root.
+
+
+4. Move separate functions into mutually untrusting programs.
+
+Five of the qmail programs---qmail-smtpd, qmail-send, qmail-rspawn,
+qmail-remote, and tcp-env---are not security-critical. Even if all of
+these programs are completely compromised, so that an intruder has
+control over the qmaild, qmails, and qmailr accounts and the mail queue,
+he still can't take over your system. None of the other programs trust
+the results from these five.
+
+In fact, these programs don't even trust each other. They are in three
+groups: tcp-env and qmail-smtpd, which run as qmaild; qmail-rspawn and
+qmail-remote, which run as qmailr; and qmail-send, the queue manager,
+which runs as qmails. Each group is immune from attacks by the others.
+
+(From root's point of view, as long as root doesn't send any mail, only
+qmail-start and qmail-lspawn are security-critical. They don't write any
+files or start any other programs as root.)
+
+
+5. Don't parse.
+
+I have discovered that there are two types of command interfaces in the
+world of computing: good interfaces and user interfaces.
+
+The essence of user interfaces is _parsing_---converting an unstructured
+sequence of commands, in a format usually determined more by psychology
+than by solid engineering, into structured data.
+
+When another programmer wants to talk to a user interface, he has to
+_quote_: convert his structured data into an unstructured sequence of
+commands that the parser will, he hopes, convert back into the original
+structured data.
+
+This situation is a recipe for disaster. The parser often has bugs: it
+fails to handle some inputs according to the documented interface. The
+quoter often has bugs: it produces outputs that do not have the right
+meaning. Only on rare joyous occasions does it happen that the parser
+and the quoter both misinterpret the interface in the same way.
+
+When the original data is controlled by a malicious user, many of these
+bugs translate into security holes. Some examples: the Linux login
+-froot security hole; the classic find | xargs rm security hole; the
+recent Majordomo security hole. Even a simple parser like getopt is
+complicated enough for people to screw up the quoting.
+
+In qmail, all the internal file structures are incredibly simple: text0
+lines beginning with single-character commands. (text0 format means that
+lines are separated by a 0 byte instead of line feed.) The program-level
+interfaces don't take options.
+
+All the complexity of parsing RFC 822 address lists and rewriting
+headers is in the qmail-inject program, which runs without privileges
+and is essentially part of the UA.
+
+The only nasty case is .qmail, qmail's answer to .forward. I tried to
+make this as simple as possible, but unfortunately it still has to be
+edited by users. As a result, the qlist mailing-list-management program
+has to be careful to exclude subscriber addresses that contain newlines.
+
+
+6. Keep it simple, stupid.
+
+See BLURB for some of the reasons that qmail is so much smaller than
+sendmail. There's nothing inherently complicated about writing a mailer.
+(Except RFC 822 support; but that's only in qmail-inject.) Security
+holes can't show up in features that don't exist. 
+
+
+7. Write bug-free code.
+
+I've mostly given up on the standard C library. Many of its facilities,
+particularly stdio, seem designed to encourage bugs. A big chunk of
+qmail is stolen from a basic C library that I've been developing for
+several years for a variety of applications. The stralloc concept and
+getline2() make it very easy to avoid buffer overruns, memory leaks,
+and artificial line length limits.
diff --git a/SYSDEPS b/SYSDEPS
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+VERSION
+systype
+hasshsgr.h
+hasnpbg1.h
+select.h
+hasflock.h
+hassalen.h
+fork.h
+hassgact.h
+direntry.h
+hassgprm.h
+haswaitp.h
+hasmkffo.h
+uint32.h
+dns.lib
+socket.lib
+syslog.lib
diff --git a/TARGETS b/TARGETS
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+auto-ccld.sh
+make-load
+find-systype
+systype
+load
+make-compile
+compile
+fork.h
+qmail-local.o
+qmail.o
+auto-str.o
+make-makelib
+makelib
+substdio.o
+substdi.o
+substdo.o
+subfderr.o
+subfdout.o
+subfdouts.o
+subfdin.o
+subfdins.o
+substdio_copy.o
+substdio.a
+error.o
+error_str.o
+error_temp.o
+error.a
+str_len.o
+str_diff.o
+str_diffn.o
+str_cpy.o
+str_chr.o
+str_rchr.o
+str_start.o
+byte_chr.o
+byte_rchr.o
+byte_diff.o
+byte_copy.o
+byte_cr.o
+byte_zero.o
+str.a
+auto-str
+auto_qmail.c
+auto_qmail.o
+auto-int8.o
+fmt_str.o
+fmt_strn.o
+fmt_uint.o
+fmt_uint0.o
+fmt_ulong.o
+scan_ulong.o
+scan_8long.o
+scan_nbblong.o
+fs.a
+auto-int8
+auto_patrn.c
+auto_patrn.o
+quote.o
+now.o
+gfrom.o
+myctime.o
+slurpclose.o
+case_diffb.o
+case_diffs.o
+case_lowerb.o
+case_lowers.o
+case_starts.o
+case.a
+getln.o
+getln2.o
+getln.a
+subgetopt.o
+sgetopt.o
+getopt.a
+sig_alarm.o
+hassgprm.h
+sig_block.o
+hassgact.h
+sig_catch.o
+sig_pause.o
+sig_pipe.o
+sig_child.o
+sig_hup.o
+sig_term.o
+sig_bug.o
+sig_misc.o
+sig.a
+open_append.o
+open_excl.o
+open_read.o
+open_trunc.o
+open_write.o
+open.a
+seek_cur.o
+seek_end.o
+seek_set.o
+seek_trunc.o
+seek.a
+hasflock.h
+lock_ex.o
+lock_exnb.o
+lock_un.o
+lock.a
+fd_copy.o
+fd_move.o
+fd.a
+wait_pid.o
+haswaitp.h
+wait_nohang.o
+wait.a
+env.o
+envread.o
+env.a
+stralloc_eady.o
+stralloc_pend.o
+stralloc_copy.o
+stralloc_opys.o
+stralloc_opyb.o
+stralloc_cat.o
+stralloc_cats.o
+stralloc_catb.o
+stralloc_arts.o
+stralloc.a
+alloc.o
+alloc_re.o
+alloc.a
+datetime.o
+datetime_un.o
+datetime.a
+qmail-local
+uint32.h
+qmail-lspawn.o
+auto-uid.o
+auto-uid
+auto-gid.o
+auto-gid
+auto_uids.c
+auto_uids.o
+auto-int.o
+auto-int
+auto_spawn.c
+auto_spawn.o
+select.h
+chkspawn.o
+chkspawn
+spawn.o
+chkshsgr.o
+chkshsgr
+hasshsgr.h
+prot.o
+coe.o
+cdb_hash.o
+cdb_unpack.o
+cdb_seek.o
+cdb.a
+qmail-lspawn
+qmail-getpw.o
+auto_break.c
+auto_break.o
+auto_usera.c
+auto_usera.o
+qmail-getpw
+qmail-remote.o
+control.o
+constmap.o
+timeoutread.o
+timeoutwrite.o
+timeoutconn.o
+tcpto.o
+dns.o
+ip.o
+ipalloc.o
+hassalen.h
+ipme.o
+ndelay.o
+ndelay_off.o
+ndelay.a
+socket.lib
+dns.lib
+qmail-remote
+qmail-rspawn.o
+tcpto_clean.o
+qmail-rspawn
+direntry.h
+qmail-clean.o
+auto_split.c
+auto_split.o
+fmtqfn.o
+qmail-clean
+qmail-send.o
+qsutil.o
+newfield.o
+prioq.o
+hasmkffo.h
+fifo.o
+hasnpbg1.h
+trigger.o
+readsubdir.o
+date822fmt.o
+qmail-send
+qmail-start.o
+qmail-start
+splogger.o
+syslog.lib
+splogger
+qmail-queue.o
+triggerpull.o
+qmail-queue
+qmail-inject.o
+headerbody.o
+hfield.o
+token822.o
+qmail-inject
+predate.o
+predate
+datemail
+mailsubj
+qmail-upq
+qmail-config
+qmail-showctl.o
+qmail-showctl
+qmail-newu.o
+cdbmss.o
+cdbmake_pack.o
+cdbmake_hash.o
+cdbmake_add.o
+cdbmake.a
+qmail-newu
+qmail-pw2u.o
+qmail-pw2u
+qmail-qread.o
+qmail-qread
+qmail-qstat
+qmail-tcpto.o
+qmail-tcpto
+qmail-pop3d.o
+qmail-pop3d
+qmail-popup.o
+qmail-popup
+qmail-qmtpd.o
+received.o
+qmail-qmtpd
+qmail-smtpd.o
+qmail-smtpd
+sendmail.o
+sendmail
+tcp-env.o
+remoteinfo.o
+tcp-env
+dnscname.o
+dnsdoe.o
+dnscname
+dnsptr.o
+dnsptr
+dnsip.o
+dnsip
+dnsmxip.o
+dnsmxip
+dnsfq.o
+dnsfq
+hostname.o
+hostname
+ipmeprint.o
+ipmeprint
+qlist.o
+qlist
+qlist2
+qreceipt.o
+qreceipt
+qsmhook.o
+qsmhook
+qbiff.o
+qbiff
+forward.o
+forward
+preline.o
+preline
+condredirect.o
+condredirect
+maildirmake.o
+maildirmake
+maildir2mbox.o
+maildir.o
+strerr_sys.o
+strerr_die.o
+strerr.a
+maildir2mbox
+maildirwatch.o
+maildirwatch
+qail
+elq
+pinq
+qmail-hier.o
+qmail-hier
+install.o
+install
+instcheck.o
+instcheck
+it
+qmail-local.0
+qmail-lspawn.0
+qmail-getpw.8
+qmail-getpw.0
+qmail-remote.0
+qmail-rspawn.0
+qmail-clean.0
+qmail-send.8
+qmail-send.0
+qmail-start.0
+splogger.0
+qmail-queue.0
+qmail-inject.0
+mailsubj.0
+qmail-showctl.0
+qmail-newu.0
+qmail-pw2u.8
+qmail-pw2u.0
+qmail-qread.0
+qmail-qstat.0
+qmail-tcpto.0
+qmail-pop3d.0
+qmail-popup.0
+qmail-qmtpd.0
+qmail-smtpd.0
+tcp-env.0
+qlist.0
+qreceipt.0
+qbiff.0
+forward.0
+preline.0
+condredirect.0
+maildirmake.0
+maildir2mbox.0
+maildirwatch.0
+qmail.0
+qmail-upgrade.7
+qmail-upgrade.0
+qmail-limits.7
+qmail-limits.0
+qmail-log.0
+qmail-control.0
+qmail-header.0
+qmail-users.0
+dot-qmail.5
+dot-qmail.0
+qmail-command.0
+tcp-environ.0
+maildir.0
+mbox.0
+addresses.0
+envelopes.0
+forgeries.0
+man
diff --git a/THANKS b/THANKS
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+Thanks to lots of people for success and failure reports, code, ideas,
+and documentation. See CHANGES for details of specific contributions.
+Sorry if I left anyone out.
+
+SA = Satoshi Adachi
+G1A = Graham Adams
+NA = Norm Aleks
+NAA = Nicholas A. Amato
+G2A = Greg Andrews
+TA = Tetsuo Aoki
+DA = Dave Arcuri
+JJB = J. J. Bailey
+J2B = Jos Backus
+SSB = Stik Bakken
+J1B = John Banghart
+GB = Glenn Barry
+JLB = Julie L. Baumler
+SLB = Steven L. Baur
+ALB = Allan L. Bazinet
+JDHB = Johannes D. H. Beekhuizen
+BDB = Boris D. Beletsky
+HJB = Herbert J. Bernstein
+REB = Ronald E. Bickers
+JPB = Joe Block
+BB = Bruce Bodger
+SB = Stephane Bortzmeyer
+PB = Peter Bowyer
+ACB = Andy C. Brandt
+AB = Alan Briggs
+AKB = Allen K. Briggs
+JBB = Jason B. Brown
+JAB = Jeremy A. Bussard
+RJC = Robert J. Carter
+EC = Evan Champion
+JC = Jim Clausing
+HCJ = Helio Coelho Jr.
+BC = Bob Collie
+SGC = Stephen G. Comings
+MC = Michael Cooley
+DCC = Daniel C. Cotey
+AC = Arne Coucheron
+M2C = Mark Crimmins
+DC = Dan Cross
+MD = Mark Delany
+SVD = Stef Van Dessel
+RD = Rahul Dhesi
+MJD = Mark-Jason Dominus
+JD = Joe Doupnik
+FE = Frank Ederveen
+DE = Daniel Egnor
+MWE = Mark W. Eichin
+MEE = Mads E. Eilertsen
+KE = Kenny Elliott
+TEE = Thomas E. Erskine
+ME = Marc Ewing
+JF = Janos Farkas
+DF = Dale Farnsworth
+YF = Yaroslav Faybishenko
+CF = C. Ferree
+JBF = John B. Fleming
+C2F = Chuck Foster
+RF = Rainer Fraedrich
+MF = Massimo Fusaro
+CG = Chris Garrigues
+BG = Bert Gijsbers
+M2G = Michael R. Gile
+EG = Eivind Gjelseth
+HG = Howard Goldstein
+TG = Tim Goodwin
+HDG = Hans de Graaff
+MG = Michael Graff
+PJG = Paul Graham
+MRG = Matthew R. Green
+SG = Steven Grimm
+AG = Armin Gruner
+CSH = Clayton S. Haapala
+JLH = Jason L. Haar
+MLH = May Liss Haarstad
+CH = Chael Hall
+JPH = Justin P. Hannah
+RJH = Randy Harmon
+PH = Paul Harrington
+DEH = Daniel E. Harris
+RFH = Robert F. Harrison
+D1H = Dieter Heidner
+GH = Gene Hightower
+MH = Markus Hofmann
+D2H = Dan Hollis
+NH = Nick Holloway
+TH = Ton Hospel
+BH = Brad Howes
+TJH = Timothy J. Hunt
+B2H = Buck Huppmann
+MDI = Miguel de Icaza
+BJ = Brian Jackson
+AJ = Alan Jaffray
+CEJ = Colin Eric Johnson
+K2J = Kevin Johnson
+K1J = Kyle Jones
+SJ = Sudish Joseph
+W2K = Wolfram Kahl
+JJMK = Jonathan J. M. Katz
+CK = Christoph Kaesling
+PK = Petri Kaukasoina
+D2K = Dax Kelson
+TK = Terry Kennedy
+DBK = Douglas B. Kerry
+WK = Werner Koch
+DK = Dave Kopper
+J1K = Jost Krieger
+J2K = Johannes Kroeger
+EK = Eric Krohn
+B2L = Brent Laminack
+AL = Andreas Lamprecht
+L2L = Louis Larry
+M3L = Michael Lazarou
+CL = Carsten Leonhardt
+JRL = John R. Levine
+DML = David M. Lew
+LL = lilo
+FPL = Frederik P. Lindberg
+JL = Jim Littlefield
+BL = Brian Litzinger
+RL = Robert Luce
+ML = Martin Lucina
+M2L = M. Lyons
+TM = Toshinori Maeno
+ESM = Edward S. Marshall
+J2M = Joel Maslak
+TLM = Timothy L. Mayo
+DM = David Mazieres
+RM = Rich McClellan
+SM = Shawn McHorse
+JM = Jim Meehan
+HWM = Henry W. Miller
+RDM = Raul Miller
+MMM = Momchil M. Momchev
+JGM = John G. Myers
+FN = Faried Nawaz
+RN = Russell Nelson
+TN = Thomas Neumann
+UO = Uwe Ohse
+PCO = Peter C. Olsen
+HHO = Harald Hanche-Olsen
+BEO = Bruce E. O'Neel
+JP = John Palkovic
+AP = Andrew Pam
+SP = Stephen Parker
+TVP = Tom van Peer
+BP = Bruce Perens
+CMP = Chase M. Phillips
+DP = Dave Platt
+EP = Emanuele Pucciarelli
+JPR = Jean-Pierre Radley
+S1R = Satish Ramachandran
+MR = Mosfeq Rashid
+TRR = Tracy R. Reed
+BR = Brian Reichert
+S2R = Sean Reifschneider
+DAR = Daniel A. Reish
+CR = Christian Riede
+KR = Kenji Rikitake
+OR = Ollivier Robert
+ANR = Adriano Nagelschmidt Rodrigues
+JJR = Jaron J. Rubenstein
+RS = Robert Sanders
+KJS = Kevin J. Sawyer
+MBS = Mike Scher
+SAS = Steven A. Schrader
+CLS = Christopher L. Seawood
+OS = Oliver Seiler
+D2S = Dan Senie
+SS = Simon Shapiro
+RGS = Richard G. Sharman
+DS = Dave Sill
+H2S = Harley Silver
+M3S = Morten Skjelland
+JS = Jesper Skriver
+ES = Eric Smith
+IS = Icarus Sparry
+CS = Cloyce Spradling
+BS = Bjoern Stabell
+HS = Harlan Stenn
+JMS = Jason M. Stokes
+DWS = David Wayne Summers
+M2S = Mikael Suokas
+PS = Paul Svensson
+ET = Eivind Tagseth
+PT = Paul Taylor
+S2T = Steve Taylor
+BT = Brad Templeton
+DST = Daniel S. Thibadeau
+MT = Mark Thompson
+S3T = Steffen Thorsen
+KT = Karsten Thygesen
+BET = Bennett E. Todd
+JMT = John M. Twilley
+ST = Steve Tylock
+TU = Tetsu Ushijima
+VV = Vince Vielhaber
+TV = Tommi Virtanen
+FW = Frank Wagner
+BW = Bill Weinman
+IW = Ian Westcott
+SJW = Stephen J. White
+JW = John Whittaker
+LW = Lionel Widdifield
+MW = Mate Wierdl
+BTW = Brian T. Wightman
+PW = Peter Wilkinson
+HW = Hal Wine
+GAW = Greg A. Woods
+SCW = Steven C. Work
+JLW = Jason L. Wright
+WW = Wei Wu
+IKW = Ian Keith Wynne
+BZ = Blaz Zupan
diff --git a/THOUGHTS b/THOUGHTS
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+Please note that this file is not called ``Internet Mail For Dummies.''
+It _records_ my thoughts on various issues. It does not _explain_ them.
+Paragraphs are not organized except by section. The required background
+varies wildly from one paragraph to the next.
+
+In this file, ``sendmail'' means Allman's creation; ``sendmail-clone''
+means the program in this package.
+
+
+1. Security
+
+There are lots of interesting remote denial-of-service attacks on any
+mail system. A long-term solution is to insist on prepayment for
+unauthorized resource use. The tricky technical problem is to make the
+prepayment enforcement mechanism cheaper than the expected cost of the
+attacks. (For local denial-of-service attacks it's enough to be able to
+figure out which user is responsible.)
+
+qmail-send's log was originally designed for profiling. It subsequently
+sprouted some tracing features. However, there's no way to verify
+securely that a particular message came from a particular local user;
+how do you know the recipient is telling you the truth about the
+contents of the message? With QUEUE_EXTRA it'd be possible to record a
+one-way hash of each outgoing message, but a user who wants to send
+``bad'' mail can avoid qmail entirely.
+
+I originally decided on security grounds not to put qmail advertisements
+into SMTP responses: advertisements often act as version identifiers.
+But this problem went away when I found a stable qmail URL.
+
+As qmail grows in popularity, the mere knowledge that rcpthosts is so
+easily available will deter people from setting up unauthorized MXs.
+(I've never seen an unauthorized MX, but I can imagine that it would be
+rather annoying.) Note that, unlike the bat book checkcompat() kludge,
+rcpthosts doesn't interfere with mailing lists.
+
+qmail-start doesn't bother with tty dissociation. On some old machines
+this means that random people can send tty signals to the qmail daemons.
+That's a security flaw in the job control subsystem, not in qmail.
+
+The resolver library isn't too bloated (before 4.9.4, at least), but it
+uses stdio, which _is_ bloated. Reading /etc/resolv.conf costs lots of
+memory in each qmail-remote process. So it's tempting to incorporate a
+smaller resolver library into qmail. (Bonus: I'd avoid system-specific
+problems with old resolvers.) The problem is that I'd then be writing a
+fundamentally insecure library. I'd no longer be able to blame the BIND
+authors and vendors for the fact that attackers can easily use DNS to
+steal mail. Possible solution: replace dns.c with something that passes
+requests (reliably!) to a local daemon; call the original resolver
+library from that daemon.
+
+NFS is the primary enemy of security partitioning under UNIX. Here's the
+story. Sun knew from the start that NFS was completely insecure. It
+tried to hide that fact by disallowing root access over NFS. Intruders
+nevertheless broke into system after system, first obtaining bin access
+and then obtaining root access. Various people thus decided to compound
+Sun's error and build a wall between root and all other users: if all
+system files are owned by root, and if there are no security holes other
+than NFS, someone who breaks in via NFS won't be able to wipe out the
+operating system---he'll merely be able to wipe out all user files. This
+clueless policy means that, for example, all the qmail users have to be
+replaced by root. See what I mean by ``enemy''? ... Basic NFS comments:
+Aside from the cryptographic problem of having hosts communicate
+securely, it's obvious that there's an administrative problem of mapping
+client uids to server uids. If a host is secure and under your control,
+you shouldn't have to map anything. If a host is under someone else's
+control, you'll want to map his uids to one local account; it's his
+client's job to decide which of his users get to talk NFS in the first
+place. Sun's original map---root to nobody, everyone else left alone---
+is, as far as I can tell, always wrong.
+
+
+2. Injecting mail locally (qmail-inject, sendmail-clone)
+
+RFC 822 section 3.4.9 prohibits certain visual effects in headers.
+qmail-inject doesn't waste the time to enforce this absurd restriction.
+If you will suffer from someone sending you ``flash mail,'' go find a
+better mail reader.
+
+qmail-inject's ``Cc: recipient list not shown: ;'' successfully stops
+sendmail from adding Apparently-To. Unfortunately, old versions of
+sendmail will append a host name. This wasn't fixed until sendmail 8.7.
+How many years has it been since RFC 822 came out?
+
+sendmail discards duplicate addresses. This has probably resulted in
+more lost and stolen mail over the years than the entire Chicago branch
+of the United States Postal Service. The qmail system delivers messages
+exactly as it's told to do. Along the same lines: qmail-inject is both
+unable and unwilling to support anything like sendmail's (default)
+nometoo option. Of course, a list manager could support nometoo.
+
+There should be a mechanism in qmail-inject that does for envelope
+recipients what Return-Path does for the envelope sender. Then
+qmail-inject -n could print the recipients.
+
+Should qmail-inject bounce messages with no recipients? Should there be
+an option for this? If it stays as is (accept the message), qmail-inject
+could at least avoid invoking qmail-queue.
+
+It is possible to extract non-unique Message-IDs out of qmail-inject.
+Here's how: stop qmail-inject before it gets to the third line of
+main(), then wait until the pids wrap around, then restart qmail-inject
+and blast the message through, then start another qmail-inject with the
+same pid in the same second. I'm not sure how to fix this. (Of course,
+the user could just type in his own non-unique Message-IDs.)
+
+The bat book says: ``Rules that hide hosts in a domain should be applied
+only to sender addresses.'' Recipient masquerading works fine with
+qmail. None of sendmail's pitfalls apply, basically because qmail has a
+straight paper path.
+
+I expect to receive some pressure to make up for the failings of MUA
+writers who don't understand the concept of reliability. (``Like, duh,
+you mean I was supposed to check the sendmail exit code?'')
+
+
+3. Receiving mail from the network (tcp-env, qmail-smtpd)
+
+RFC 1123 requires VRFY support, but says that it's okay if an
+implementation can be configured to not allow VRFY. qmail-smtpd doesn't
+allow VRFY. If you desperately want your SMTP server (i.e., inetd) to
+provide useful information for VRFY, just compile and install sendmail.
+Were the RFC 1123 writers aware of the as-if principle of interface
+specification? ... They say that VRFY and EXPN are important for
+tracking down cross-host mailing list loops. Catch up to the 1990s,
+guys: with Delivered-To, mailing list loops do absolutely no damage,
+_and_ one of the list administrators gets a bounce that shows exactly
+how the loop occurred. Solve the problem, not the symptom. ... There's a
+vastly superior alternative to EXPN. Hint: finger postmaster@ai.mit.edu.
+
+Should dns.c make special allowances for 127.0.0.1/localhost?
+
+badmailfrom (like 8BITMIME) is a waste of code space.
+
+
+4. Adding messages to the queue (qmail-queue)
+
+Should qmail-queue try to make sure enough disk space is free in
+advance? When qmail-queue is invoked by qmail-local or (with ESMTP)
+qmail-smtpd or qmail-qmtpd, it could be told a size in advance. I wish
+UNIX had an atomic allocate-disk-space routine... 
+
+The qmail.h interface (reflecting the qmail-queue interface, which in
+turn reflects the current queue file structure) is constitutionally
+incapable of handling an address that contains a 0 byte. I can't imagine
+that this will be a problem.
+
+Should qmail-queue not bother queueing a message with no recipients?
+
+
+5. Handling queued mail (qmail-send, qmail-clean)
+
+The queue directory must be local. Mounting it over NFS is extremely
+dangerous---not that this stops people from running sendmail that way!
+Perhaps it is worth putting together a diskless-host qmail package with
+just qmail-inject and an SMTP client in place of qmail-queue. Sending
+mail to the server via SMTP is of course vastly better than trying to do
+anything over NFS. If the NFS server is up but the mail server is down,
+users will just have to wait.
+
+Queue reliability demands that single-byte writes be atomic. This is
+true for a fixed-block filesystem such as UFS, and for a logging
+filesystem such as LFS.
+
+qmail-send uses 8 bytes of memory per queued message. Double that for
+reallocation. (Fix: use a small forest of heaps; i.e., keep several
+prioqs.) Double again for buddy malloc()s. (Fix: be clever about the
+heap sizes.) 32 bytes is worrisome, but not devastating. Even on my
+disk-heavy memory-light machine, I'd run out of inodes long before
+running out of memory.
+
+Some mail systems organize the queue by host. This is pointless as a
+means of splitting up the queue directory. The real issue is what to do
+when you suddenly find out that a host is up. For local SLIP/PPP links
+you know in advance which hosts need this treatment, so you can handle
+them with virtualdomains and serialmail.
+
+For the old queue structure I implemented recipient list compression:
+if mail goes out to a giant mailing list, and most of the recipients are
+delivered, make a new, compressed, todo list. But this really isn't
+worth the effort: it saves only a tiny bit of CPU time.
+
+qmail-send doesn't have any notions of precedence, priority, fairness,
+importance, etc. It handles the queue in first-seen-first-served order.
+One could put a lot of work into doing something different, but that
+work would be a waste: given the triggering mechanism and qmail's
+deferral strategy, it is exceedingly rare for the queue to contain more
+than one deliverable message at any given moment.
+
+Exception: Even with all the concurrency tricks, qmail-send can end up
+spending a few minutes on a mailing list with thousands of remote
+entries. A user might send a new message to a remote address in the
+meantime. Perhaps qmail-send should limit its time per message to,
+say, thirty recipients. This will require some way to mark recipients
+who were already done on this pass. Possible approach: Maintain two todo
+lists (for both L and R). Always work on the earlier todo list. Move
+deferrals to the other todo list.
+
+qmail-send will never start a pass for a job that it already has. This
+means that, if one delivery takes longer than the retry interval, the
+next pass will be delayed. I implemented the opposite strategy for the
+old queue structure. Some hassles: mark() had to understand how job
+input was buffered; every new delivery had to check whether the same
+mpos in the same message was already being done.
+
+Some things that qmail-send does synchronously: queueing a bounce
+message; doing a cleanup via qmail-clean; classifying and rewriting all
+the addresses in a new message. As usual, making these asynchronous
+would require some housekeeping, but could speed things up a bit.
+(Making bounces asynchronous, without POSIX waitpid(), means that
+wait_pid() has to keep a buffer of previous wait()s. Ugh.)
+
+fsync() is a bottleneck. To make this asynchronous would require gobs of
+dedicated output processes whose only purpose in life is to watch data
+get written to the disk. Inconceivable! (``You keep using that word. I
+do not think that word means what you think it means.'')
+
+On the other hand, I could survive without fsync()ing the local and
+remote and info files as long as I don't unlink todo. This would require
+redefining the queue states. I need to see how much speed can be gained.
+
+Currently qmail-send sends at most one bounce message for each incoming
+message. This means that the sender doesn't get flooded with copies of
+his own message. On the other hand, a single slow address can hold up
+bounces for a bunch of fast addresses. It would be easy to call
+injectbounce() more often. What is the best strategy? This feels like
+the TCP-buffering issue... don't want to pepper the other guy with
+little packets, but do want to get the data across.
+
+qmail-stop implementation: setuid to UID_SEND; kill -TERM -1. Given how
+simple this is, I'm not inclined to set up some tricky locking solution
+where qmail-send records its pid etc. But I just know that, if I provide
+this qmail-stop program, someone will screw himself by making another
+uid the same as UID_SEND, or making UID_SEND be root, or whatever.
+Aargh. Maybe use another named pipe... New solution: Run qmail-start
+under an external service controller---it runs in the foreground now.
+
+Bounce messages could include more statistical information in the first
+paragraph: when I received the message, how many recipients I was
+supposed to handle, how many I successfully dealt with, how many I
+already told you about, how many are still in the queue. Have to
+emphasize that the number of recipients _here_ is perhaps less than the
+number of recipients on the original message.
+
+The readdir() interface hides I/O errors. Lower-level interfaces would
+lead me into a thicket of portability problems. I'm really not sure what
+to do about this. Of course, a hard I/O error means that mail is toast,
+but a soft I/O error shouldn't cause any trouble.
+
+job_open() or pass_dochan() could be paranoid about the same id,channel
+already being open; but, since messdone() is so paranoid, the worst
+possible effect of a bug along these lines would be double delivery.
+
+Mathematical amusement: The optimal retry schedule is essentially,
+though not exactly, independent of the actual distribution of message
+delay times. What really matters is how much cost you assign to retries
+and to particular increases in latency. qmail's current quadratic retry
+schedule says that an hour-long delay in a day-old message is worth the
+same as a ten-minute delay in an hour-old message; this doesn't seem so
+unreasonable.
+
+Insider information: AOL retries their messages every five minutes for
+three days straight. Hmmm.
+
+
+6. Sending mail through the network (qmail-rspawn, qmail-remote)
+
+Are there any hosts, anywhere, whose mailers are bogged down by huge
+messages to multiple recipients at a single host? For typical hosts,
+multiple RCPTs per SMTP aren't an ``efficiency feature''; they're a
+_slowness_ feature. Separate SMTP transactions have much lower latency.
+
+The multiple-RCPT bandwidth gain _might_ be noticeable for a machine
+that sends most messages to a smarthost. It would be easy to have
+qmail-rspawn supply qmail-remote with all the addresses at once, as long
+as qmail-send says when it's about to block... Putting recipients into
+the right order is clearly the UA's job. One multiple-RCPT pitfall is
+that a remote host might not be able to deal with (say) 10 recipients,
+even though RFC 821 says everyone has to be able to handle 100;
+qmail-rspawn would have to notice this and back off. (Not that other
+mailers do. Sometimes I'm amazed Internet mail works at all.)
+
+In the opposite direction: It's tempting to remove the @host part of the
+qmail-remote recip argument. Or at least avoid double-dns_cname.
+
+There are lots of reasons that qmail-rspawn should take a more active
+role in qmail-remote's activities. It should call separate programs to
+do (1) MX lookups, (2) SMTP connections, (3) QMTP connections.
+
+I bounce ambiguous MXs. (An ``ambiguous MX'' is a best-preference MX
+record sending me mail for a host that I don't recognize as local.)
+Automatically treating ambiguous MXs as local is incompatible with my
+design decision to keep local delivery working when the network goes
+down. It puts more faith in DNS than DNS deserves. Much better: Have
+your MX records generated automatically from control/locals.
+
+If I successfully connect to an MX host but it temporarily refuses to
+accept the message, I give up and put the message back into the queue.
+But several documents seem to suggest that I should try further MX
+records. What are they thinking? My approach deals properly with downed
+hosts, hosts that are unreachable through a firewall, and load
+balancing; what else do people use multiple MX records for?
+
+Currently qmail-remote sends data in 1024-byte buffers. Perhaps it
+should try to take account of the MTU.
+
+Perhaps qmail-remote should allocate a fixed amount of DNS/connect()
+time across any number of MXs; this idea is due to Mark Delany.
+
+RFC 821 doesn't say what it means by ``text.'' qmail-remote assumes that
+the server's reply text doesn't contain bare LFs.
+
+
+7. Delivering mail locally (qmail-lspawn, qmail-local)
+
+qmail-local doesn't support comsat. comsat is a pointless abomination.
+Use qbiff if you want that kind of notification.
+
+The getpwnam() interface hides I/O errors. Solution: qmail-pw2u.
+
+
+8. sendmail V8's new features
+
+sendmail-8.8.0/doc/op/op.me includes a list of big improvements of
+sendmail 8.8.0 over sendmail 5.67. Here's how qmail stacks up against
+each of those improvements. (Of course, qmail has its own improvements,
+but that's not the point of this list.)
+
+Connection caching, MX piggybacking: Nope. (Profile. Don't speculate.)
+
+Response to RCPT command is fast: Yup.
+
+IP addresses show up in Received lines: Yup.
+
+Self domain literal is properly handled: Yup.
+
+Different timeouts for QUIT, RCPT, etc.: No, just a single timeout.
+
+Proper <> handling, route-address pruning: Yes, but not configurable.
+
+ESMTP support: Yup. (Server-side, including PIPELINING.)
+
+8-bit clean: Yup. (Including server-side 8BITMIME support; same as
+sendmail with the 8 option.)
+
+Configurable user database: Yup.
+
+BIND support: Yup.
+
+Keyed files: Yes, in qmsmac.
+
+931/1413/Ident/TAP: Yup.
+
+Correct 822 address list parsing: Yup. (Note that sendmail still has
+some major problems with quoting.)
+
+List-owner handling: Yup.
+
+Dynamic header allocation: Yup.
+
+Minimum number of disk blocks: Yes, via tunefs -m.
+
+Checkpointing: Yes, but not configurable---qmail always checkpoints.
+
+Error message configuration: Nope.
+
+GECOS matching: Not directly, but easy to hook in.
+
+Hop limit configuration: No. (qmail's limit is 100 hops. qmail offers
+automatic loop protection much more advanced than hop counting.)
+
+MIME error messages: No. (qmail uses QSBMF error messages, which are
+much easier to parse.)
+
+Forward file path: Yes, via /etc/passwd.
+
+Incoming SMTP configuration: Yes, via inetd or tcpserver.
+
+Privacy options: Yes, but they're not options.
+
+Best-MX mangling: Nope. See section 6 for further discussion.
+
+7-bit mangling: Nope. qmail always uses 8 bits.
+
+Support for up to 20 MX records: Yes, and more. qmail has no limits
+other than memory.
+
+Correct quoting of name-and-address headers: Yup.
+
+VRFY and EXPN now different: Nope. qmail always hides this information.
+
+Multi-word classes, deferred macro expansion, separate envelope/header
+$g processing, separate per-mailer envelope and header processing, new
+command line flags, new configuration lines, new mailer flags, new
+macros: These are sendmail-specific; they wouldn't even make sense for
+qmail. For example, _of course_ qmail handles envelopes and headers
+separately; they're almost entirely different objects!
+
+
+9. Miscellany
+
+sendmail-clone and qsmhook are too bletcherous to be documented. (The
+official replacement for qsmhook is preline, together with the
+qmail-command environment variables.)
+
+I've considered making install atomic, but this is very difficult to do
+right, and pointless if it isn't done right.
+
+RN suggests automatically putting together a reasonable set of lines for
+/etc/passwd. I perceive this as getting into the adduser business, which
+is worrisome: I'll be lynched the first time I screw up somebody's
+passwd file. This should be left to OS-specific installation scripts.
+
+The BSD 4.2 inetd didn't allow a username. I think I can safely forget
+about this. (DS notes that the username works under Ultrix even though
+it's undocumented.)
+
+I should clean up the bput/put choices.
+
+Some of the stralloc_0()s indicate that certain lower-level routines
+should grok stralloc.
+
+RN suggests having qlist smash the case of the incoming host name.
+
+K1J suggests that mailing list subscription managers should have
+a three-way handshake, to prevent person A from subscribing person B to
+a mailing list. qlist doesn't do this, but ezmlm does.
+
+qmail assumes that all times are positive; that pid_t, time_t and ino_t
+fit into unsigned long; that gid_t fits into int; that the character set
+is ASCII; and that all pointers are interchangeable. Do I care?
+
+The bat book justifies sendmail's insane line-splitting mechanism by
+pointing out that it might be useful for ``a 40-character braille
+print-driving program.'' C'mon, guys, is that your best excuse?
+
+qmail's mascot is a dolphin.
diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+do some serious coverage testing, preferably under Purify, without alloc slop
+replace INTERNALS and THOUGHTS with a real paper describing qmail
+reorganize qmail-inject to do most rw on characters, not tokens
+allow concurrency over 255
+handle IPv6
+turn qmail-upq into a more serious queue-moving utility
+expand strerr coverage
+rewrite everything from scratch
+maybe allow root to clear tcpto on the fly
diff --git a/UPGRADE b/UPGRADE
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+SAVE COPIES OF YOUR OUTGOING MAIL! Like any other piece of software (and
+information generally), the qmail system comes with NO WARRANTY. It's
+much more secure and reliable than sendmail, but that's not saying much.
+
+
+Here's how to upgrade from qmail 1.00 to qmail 1.01. This procedure will
+overwrite the old qmail binaries. Furthermore, it may begin delivering
+messages from the queue before you have had a chance to test it.
+
+
+WARNING: The qmail-start command line has changed.
+
+
+Before starting, compare conf* to your old conf*, and make any necessary
+changes. Do not copy your old conf*; the baseline has changed.
+
+
+How to install:
+
+ 1. Compile the programs:
+       # make
+ 2. Create the formatted man pages, *.0:
+       # make man
+ 3. Inform your users that mail will not be accepted for a few minutes.
+ 4. Disable deliveries by killing your old qmail-send. Wait for it to
+    print ``exiting'' in the log.
+ 5. Disable SMTP service by commenting out the smtp line in inetd.conf;
+    kill -HUP your inetd. (If you are using tcpserver, simply kill -STOP
+    your tcpserver.) Wait for current qmail-smtpd processes to die. (If
+    you are running a QMTP server, disable that too.)
+ 6. Install the new binaries and man pages:
+       # rm /var/qmail/bin/* /var/qmail/man/*/*
+       # make setup
+ 7. Run instcheck to make sure it doesn't print any warnings:
+       # make check
+ 8. Reenable deliveries:
+       # env - PATH="/var/qmail/bin:$PATH" \
+       qmail-start ./Mailbox splogger qmail &
+    Make sure to include the ./ in ./Mailbox.
+ 9. Insert ./Mailbox into the qmail-start line in your boot scripts.
+10. Reenable SMTP service by restoring the smtp line in inetd.conf; kill
+    -HUP your inetd. (If you are using tcpserver, simply kill -CONT your
+    tcpserver. If you are running a QMTP server, reenable that too.)
+
+
+How to test (steps 11-17 can be done before step 10):
+
+11. Look for a
+            qmail: running
+    line in syslog. (The big number is a splogger timestamp.)
+12. Local-local test: Send yourself an empty message. (Replace ``me''
+    with your username. Make sure to include the ``to:'' colon.)
+       % echo to: me | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
+    The message will show up immediately in ~/Mailbox, and syslog will
+    show something like this:
+            qmail: new msg 53 
+            qmail: info msg 53: bytes 246 from <me@domain> qp 20345 uid 666
+            qmail: starting delivery 1: msg 53 to local me@domain 
+            qmail: delivery 1: success: did_1+0+0/
+            qmail: end msg 53 
+    (53 is an inode number; 20345 is a process ID; your numbers will
+    probably be different.)
+13. Local-error test: Send a message to a nonexistent local address.
+       % echo to: nonexistent | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
+            qmail: new msg 53 
+            qmail: info msg 53: bytes 246 from <me@domain> qp 20351 uid 666
+            qmail: starting delivery 2: msg 53 to local nonexistent@domain
+            qmail: delivery 2: failure: No_such_address.__#5.1.1_/
+	    qmail: bounce msg 53 qp 20357
+            qmail: end msg 53 
+            qmail: new msg 54 
+            qmail: info msg 54: bytes 743 from <> qp 20357 uid 666
+            qmail: starting delivery 3: msg 54 to local me@domain
+            qmail: delivery 3: success: did_1+0+0/
+            qmail: end msg 54 
+    You will now have a bounce message in ~/Mailbox.
+14. Local-remote test: Send an empty message to your account on another
+    machine.
+       % echo to: me@wherever | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
+            qmail: new msg 53 
+            qmail: info msg 53: bytes 246 from <me@domain> qp 20372 uid 666
+            qmail: starting delivery 4: msg 53 to remote me@wherever
+            qmail: delivery 4: success: 1.2.3.4_accepted_message./...
+            qmail: end msg 53 
+    There will be a pause between ``starting delivery'' and ``success'';
+    SMTP is slow. Check that the message is in your mailbox on the other
+    machine.
+15. Local-postmaster test: Send mail to postmaster, any capitalization.
+       % echo to: POSTmaster | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
+    Look for the message in ~alias/Mailbox.
+16. Double-bounce test: Send a message with a completely bad envelope.
+       % /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject -f nonexistent
+       To: unknownuser
+       Subject: testing
+
+       This is a test. This is only a test.
+       %
+    (Use end-of-file, not dot, to end the message.) Look for the double
+    bounce in ~alias/Mailbox.
+17. Group membership test:
+       % cat > ~me/.qmail-groups
+       |groups >> MYGROUPS; exit 0
+       % /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject me-groups < /dev/null
+       % cat ~me/MYGROUPS
+    MYGROUPS will show your normal gid and nothing else. (Under Solaris,
+    make sure to use /usr/ucb/groups; /usr/bin/groups is broken.)
+18. SMTP server test: Forge some mail locally via SMTP.
+       % telnet 127.0.0.1 25
+       Trying 127.0.0.1...
+       Connected to 127.0.0.1.
+       Escape character is '^]'.
+       220 domain ESMTP
+       helo dude
+       250-domain
+       250-PIPELINING
+       250 8BITMIME
+       mail <me@domain>
+       250 ok
+       rcpt <me@domain>
+       250 ok
+       data
+       354 go ahead
+       Subject: testing
+       
+       This is a test.
+       .
+       250 ok 812345679 qp 12345
+       quit
+       221 domain
+       Connection closed by foreign host.
+       %
+    Look for the message in your mailbox.
+19. Remote-local test: Send yourself some mail from another machine.
+20. Remote-error test: I think you can figure this one out.
+21. UA test: Try sending mail, first to a local account, then to a
+    remote account, with your normal user agent.
+22. Remote-postmaster test: Send mail from another machine to
+    PoStMaStEr@domain. Look for the message in ~alias/Mailbox.
+
+
+That's it! To report success:
+       % ( echo 'First M. Last'; cat `cat SYSDEPS` ) \
+         | mail djb-qst@koobera.math.uic.edu
+Replace First M. Last with your name. If you have questions about qmail,
+contact qmail@pobox.com.
diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+qmail 1.01
diff --git a/addresses.5 b/addresses.5
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+.TH addresses 5
+.SH "NAME"
+addresses \- formats for Internet mail addresses
+.SH "INTRODUCTION"
+A
+.B mail address
+is a string of characters containing @.
+
+Every mail address has a
+.B local part
+and a
+.B domain part\fR.
+The domain part is everything after the final @.
+The local part is everything before.
+
+For example, the mail addresses
+
+.EX
+   God@heaven.af.mil
+   @heaven.af.mil
+   @at@@heaven.af.mil
+.EE
+
+all have domain part
+.BR heaven.af.mil .
+The local parts are
+.BR God ,
+empty,
+and
+.BR @at@ .
+
+Some domains have owners.
+It is up to the owner of
+.B heaven.af.mil
+to say how mail messages will be delivered to addresses with domain part
+.BR heaven.af.mil .
+
+The domain part of an address is interpreted without regard to case, so
+
+.EX
+   God@heaven.af.mil
+.br
+   God@HEAVEN.AF.MIL
+.br
+   God@Heaven.AF.Mil
+.EE
+
+all refer to the same domain.
+
+There is one exceptional address that does not contain an @:
+namely, the empty string.
+The empty string cannot be used as a recipient address.
+It can be used as a sender address so that
+the real sender doesn't receive bounces.
+.SH "QMAIL EXTENSIONS"
+The
+.B qmail
+system allows several further types of addresses in mail envelopes.
+
+First, an envelope recipient address without an @ is interpreted as being at
+.IR envnoathost .
+For example, if
+.I envnoathost
+is
+.BR heaven.af.mil ,
+the address
+.B God
+will be rewritten as
+.BR God@heaven.af.mil .
+
+Second, the address
+.B #@[]
+is used as an envelope sender address for double bounces.
+
+Third, envelope sender addresses of the form
+.I pre\fB@\fIhost\fB-@[]
+are used to support variable envelope return paths (VERPs).
+.B qmail-send
+will rewrite 
+.I pre\fB@\fIhost\fB-@[]
+as
+.I prerecip\fB=\fIdomain\fB@\fIhost
+for deliveries to
+.IR recip\fB@\fIdomain .
+Bounces directly from
+.B qmail-send
+will come back to
+.IR pre\fB@\fIhost .
+.SH "CHOOSING MAIL ADDRESSES"
+Here are some suggestions on choosing mail addresses for the Internet.
+
+Do not use non-ASCII characters.
+Under RFC 822 and RFC 821,
+these characters cannot be used in mail headers or in SMTP commands.
+In practice, they are regularly corrupted.
+
+Do not use ASCII control characters.
+NUL is regularly corrupted.
+CR and LF cannot be used in some combinations
+and are corrupted in all.
+None of these characters are usable on business cards.
+
+Avoid spaces and the characters
+
+.EX
+   \\"<>()[],;:
+.EE
+
+These all require quoting in mail headers and in SMTP.
+Many existing mail programs do not handle quoting properly.
+
+Do not use @ in a local part.
+@ requires quoting in mail headers and in SMTP.
+Many programs incorrectly look for the first @,
+rather than the last @,
+to find the domain part of an address.
+
+In a local part,
+do not use two consecutive dots, a dot at the beginning, or a dot at the end.
+Any of these would require quoting in mail headers.
+
+Do not use an empty local part; it cannot appear in SMTP commands.
+
+Avoid local parts longer than 64 characters.
+
+Be wary of uppercase letters in local parts.
+Some mail programs (and users!) will incorrectly convert
+.B God@heaven.af.mil
+to
+.BR god@heaven.af.mil .
+
+Be wary of the following characters:
+
+.EX
+   $&!#~`'^*|{}
+.EE
+
+Some users will not know
+how to feed these characters safely to their mail programs.
+
+In domain names, stick to letters, digits, dash, and dot.
+One popular DNS resolver has,
+under the banner of security,
+recently begun destroying domain names
+that contain certain other characters,
+including underscore.
+Exception: A dotted-decimal IP address in brackets,
+such as
+.BR [127.0.0.1] ,
+identifies a domain owned by whoever owns the host at that IP address,
+and can be used safely.
+
+In a domain name,
+do not use two consecutive dots,
+a dot at the beginning,
+or a dot at the end.
+This means that,
+when a domain name is broken down into components separated by dots,
+there are no empty components.
+
+Always use at least one dot in a domain name.
+If you own the
+.B mil
+domain,
+don't bother using the address
+.BR root@mil ;
+most users will be unable to send messages to that address.
+Same for the root domain.
+
+Avoid domain names longer than 64 characters.
+.SH "ENCODED ADDRESSES IN SMTP COMMANDS"
+RFC 821 defines an encoding of mail addresses in SMTP.
+For example, the addresses
+
+.EX
+   God@heaven.af.mil
+.br
+   a"quote@heaven.af.mil
+.br
+   The Almighty.One@heaven.af.mil
+.EE
+
+could be encoded in RCPT commands as
+
+.EX
+   RCPT TO:<God@heaven.af.mil>
+.br
+   RCPT TO:<a\\"quote@heaven.af.mil>
+.br
+   RCPT TO:<The\\ Almighty.One@heaven.af.mil>
+.EE
+
+There are several restrictions in RFC 821
+on the mail addresses that can be used over SMTP.
+Non-ASCII characters are prohibited.
+The local part must not be empty.
+The domain part must be a sequence of elements separated by dots,
+where each element is either a component,
+a sequence of digits preceded by #,
+or a dotted-decimal IP address surrounded by brackets.
+The only allowable characters in components are
+letters, digits, and dashes.
+Every component must (believe it or not)
+have at least three characters;
+the first character must be a letter;
+the last character must not be a hyphen.
+.SH "ENCODED ADDRESSES IN MAIL HEADERS"
+RFC 822 defines an encoding of mail addresses
+in certain header fields in a mail message.
+For example, the addresses
+
+.EX
+   God@heaven.af.mil
+.br
+   a"quote@heaven.af.mil
+.br
+   The Almighty.One@heaven.af.mil
+.EE
+
+could be encoded in a
+.B To
+field as
+
+.EX
+   To: God@heaven.af.mil,
+.br
+	<@brl.mil:"a\\"quote"@heaven.af.mil>,
+.br
+	  "The Almighty".One@heaven.af.mil
+.EE
+
+or perhaps
+
+.EX
+   To: < "God"@heaven .af.mil>,
+.br
+     "a\\"quote" (Who?) @ heaven . af.  mil
+.br
+     , God<"The Almighty.One"@heaven.af.mil>
+.EE
+
+There are several restrictions on the mail addresses that can
+be used in these header fields.
+Non-ASCII characters are prohibited.
+The domain part must be a sequence of elements separated by dots,
+where each element either (1) begins with [ and ends with ]
+or (2) is a nonempty string of printable ASCII characters
+not including any of
+
+.EX
+   \\".<>()[],;:
+.EE
+
+and not including space.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+envelopes(5),
+qmail-header(5),
+qmail-inject(8),
+qmail-remote(8),
+qmail-smtpd(8)
diff --git a/alloc.3 b/alloc.3
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+.TH alloc 3
+.SH NAME
+alloc \- allocate memory
+.SH SYNTAX
+.B #include <alloc.h>
+
+char *\fBalloc\fP(\fInew\fR);
+
+void \fBalloc_free\fP(\fIx\fR);
+
+void \fBalloc_re\fP(&\fIx\fR,\fIold\fR,\fInew\fR);
+
+char *\fIx\fR;
+.br
+unsigned int \fIold\fR;
+.br
+unsigned int \fInew\fR;
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B alloc
+allocates enough space from the heap for
+.I new
+bytes of data,
+adequately aligned for any data type.
+.I new
+may be 0.
+.B alloc
+returns a pointer to the space.
+If space is not available,
+.B alloc
+returns 0,
+setting
+.B errno
+appropriately.
+
+.B alloc_free
+returns space to the heap.
+
+.B alloc_re
+expands the space allocated to
+.I x
+from
+.I old
+bytes to
+.I new
+bytes.
+It allocates new space,
+copies
+.I old
+bytes from the old space to the new space,
+returns the old space to the heap,
+and changes
+.I x
+to point to the new space.
+It then returns 1.
+If space is not available,
+.B alloc_re
+returns 0,
+leaving the old space alone.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+sbrk(2),
+malloc(3),
+error(3)
diff --git a/alloc.c b/alloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include "alloc.h"
+#include "error.h"
+extern char *malloc();
+extern void free();
+
+#define ALIGNMENT 16 /* XXX: assuming that this alignment is enough */
+#define SPACE 4096 /* must be multiple of ALIGNMENT */
+
+typedef union { char irrelevant[ALIGNMENT]; double d; } aligned;
+static aligned realspace[SPACE / ALIGNMENT];
+#define space ((char *) realspace)
+static unsigned int avail = SPACE; /* multiple of ALIGNMENT; 0<=avail<=SPACE */
+
+/*@null@*//*@out@*/char *alloc(n)
+unsigned int n;
+{
+  char *x;
+  n = ALIGNMENT + n - (n & (ALIGNMENT - 1)); /* XXX: could overflow */
+  if (n <= avail) { avail -= n; return space + avail; }
+  x = malloc(n);
+  if (!x) errno = error_nomem;
+  return x;
+}
+
+void alloc_free(x)
+char *x;
+{
+  if (x >= space)
+    if (x < space + SPACE)
+      return; /* XXX: assuming that pointers are flat */
+  free(x);
+}
diff --git a/alloc.h b/alloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef ALLOC_H
+#define ALLOC_H
+
+extern /*@null@*//*@out@*/char *alloc();
+extern void alloc_free();
+extern int alloc_re();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/alloc_re.c b/alloc_re.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "alloc.h"
+#include "byte.h"
+
+int alloc_re(x,m,n)
+char **x;
+unsigned int m;
+unsigned int n;
+{
+  char *y;
+ 
+  y = alloc(n);
+  if (!y) return 0;
+  byte_copy(y,m,*x);
+  alloc_free(*x);
+  *x = y;
+  return 1;
+}
diff --git a/auto-gid.c b/auto-gid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include "subfd.h"
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "readwrite.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+#include "scan.h"
+#include "fmt.h"
+
+char buf1[256];
+substdio ss1 = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(write,1,buf1,sizeof(buf1));
+
+void outs(s)
+char *s;
+{
+  if (substdio_puts(&ss1,s) == -1) _exit(111);
+}
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+  char *name;
+  char *value;
+  struct group *gr;
+  char strnum[FMT_ULONG];
+
+  name = argv[1];
+  if (!name) _exit(100);
+  value = argv[2];
+  if (!value) _exit(100);
+
+  gr = getgrnam(value);
+  if (!gr) {
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,"fatal: unable to find group ");
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,value);
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,"\n");
+    substdio_flush(subfderr);
+    _exit(111);
+  }
+
+  strnum[fmt_ulong(strnum,(unsigned long) gr->gr_gid)] = 0;
+
+  outs("int ");
+  outs(name);
+  outs(" = ");
+  outs(strnum);
+  outs(";\n");
+  if (substdio_flush(&ss1) == -1) _exit(111);
+  _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/auto-int.c b/auto-int.c
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "readwrite.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+#include "scan.h"
+#include "fmt.h"
+
+char buf1[256];
+substdio ss1 = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(write,1,buf1,sizeof(buf1));
+
+void puts(s)
+char *s;
+{
+  if (substdio_puts(&ss1,s) == -1) _exit(111);
+}
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+  char *name;
+  char *value;
+  unsigned long num;
+  char strnum[FMT_ULONG];
+
+  name = argv[1];
+  if (!name) _exit(100);
+  value = argv[2];
+  if (!value) _exit(100);
+
+  scan_ulong(value,&num);
+  strnum[fmt_ulong(strnum,num)] = 0;
+
+  puts("int ");
+  puts(name);
+  puts(" = ");
+  puts(strnum);
+  puts(";\n");
+  if (substdio_flush(&ss1) == -1) _exit(111);
+  _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/auto-int8.c b/auto-int8.c
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "readwrite.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+#include "scan.h"
+#include "fmt.h"
+
+char buf1[256];
+substdio ss1 = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(write,1,buf1,sizeof(buf1));
+
+void puts(s)
+char *s;
+{
+  if (substdio_puts(&ss1,s) == -1) _exit(111);
+}
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+  char *name;
+  char *value;
+  unsigned long num;
+  char strnum[FMT_ULONG];
+
+  name = argv[1];
+  if (!name) _exit(100);
+  value = argv[2];
+  if (!value) _exit(100);
+
+  scan_8long(value,&num);
+  strnum[fmt_ulong(strnum,num)] = 0;
+
+  puts("int ");
+  puts(name);
+  puts(" = ");
+  puts(strnum);
+  puts(";\n");
+  if (substdio_flush(&ss1) == -1) _exit(111);
+  _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/auto-str.c b/auto-str.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "readwrite.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+
+char buf1[256];
+substdio ss1 = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(write,1,buf1,sizeof(buf1));
+
+void puts(s)
+char *s;
+{
+  if (substdio_puts(&ss1,s) == -1) _exit(111);
+}
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+  char *name;
+  char *value;
+  unsigned char ch;
+  char octal[4];
+
+  name = argv[1];
+  if (!name) _exit(100);
+  value = argv[2];
+  if (!value) _exit(100);
+
+  puts("char ");
+  puts(name);
+  puts("[] = \"\\\n");
+
+  while (ch = *value++) {
+    puts("\\");
+    octal[3] = 0;
+    octal[2] = '0' + (ch & 7); ch >>= 3;
+    octal[1] = '0' + (ch & 7); ch >>= 3;
+    octal[0] = '0' + (ch & 7);
+    puts(octal);
+  }
+
+  puts("\\\n\";\n");
+  if (substdio_flush(&ss1) == -1) _exit(111);
+  _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/auto-uid.c b/auto-uid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include "subfd.h"
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "readwrite.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+#include "scan.h"
+#include "fmt.h"
+
+char buf1[256];
+substdio ss1 = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(write,1,buf1,sizeof(buf1));
+
+void outs(s) /* was named puts, but Solaris pwd.h includes stdio.h. dorks. */
+char *s;
+{
+  if (substdio_puts(&ss1,s) == -1) _exit(111);
+}
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+  char *name;
+  char *value;
+  struct passwd *pw;
+  char strnum[FMT_ULONG];
+
+  name = argv[1];
+  if (!name) _exit(100);
+  value = argv[2];
+  if (!value) _exit(100);
+
+  pw = getpwnam(value);
+  if (!pw) {
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,"fatal: unable to find user ");
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,value);
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,"\n");
+    substdio_flush(subfderr);
+    _exit(111);
+  }
+
+  strnum[fmt_ulong(strnum,(unsigned long) pw->pw_uid)] = 0;
+
+  outs("int ");
+  outs(name);
+  outs(" = ");
+  outs(strnum);
+  outs(";\n");
+  if (substdio_flush(&ss1) == -1) _exit(111);
+  _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/auto_break.h b/auto_break.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef AUTO_BREAK_H
+#define AUTO_BREAK_H
+
+extern char auto_break[];
+
+#endif
diff --git a/auto_patrn.h b/auto_patrn.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef AUTO_PATRN_H
+#define AUTO_PATRN_H
+
+extern int auto_patrn;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/auto_qmail.h b/auto_qmail.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef AUTO_QMAIL_H
+#define AUTO_QMAIL_H
+
+extern char auto_qmail[];
+
+#endif
diff --git a/auto_spawn.h b/auto_spawn.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef AUTO_SPAWN_H
+#define AUTO_SPAWN_H
+
+extern int auto_spawn;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/auto_split.h b/auto_split.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef AUTO_SPLIT_H
+#define AUTO_SPLIT_H
+
+extern int auto_split;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/auto_uids.h b/auto_uids.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef AUTO_UIDS_H
+#define AUTO_UIDS_H
+
+extern int auto_uida;
+extern int auto_uidd;
+extern int auto_uidl;
+extern int auto_uido;
+extern int auto_uidp;
+extern int auto_uidq;
+extern int auto_uidr;
+extern int auto_uids;
+
+extern int auto_gidn;
+extern int auto_gidq;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/auto_usera.h b/auto_usera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef AUTO_USERA_H
+#define AUTO_USERA_H
+
+extern char auto_usera[];
+
+#endif
diff --git a/byte.h b/byte.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef BYTE_H
+#define BYTE_H
+
+extern unsigned int byte_chr();
+extern unsigned int byte_rchr();
+extern void byte_copy();
+extern void byte_copyr();
+extern int byte_diff();
+extern void byte_zero();
+
+#define byte_equal(s,n,t) (!byte_diff((s),(n),(t)))
+
+#endif
diff --git a/byte_chr.c b/byte_chr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "byte.h"
+
+unsigned int byte_chr(s,n,c)
+char *s;
+register unsigned int n;
+int c;
+{
+  register char ch;
+  register char *t;
+
+  ch = c;
+  t = s;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!n) break; if (*t == ch) break; ++t; --n;
+    if (!n) break; if (*t == ch) break; ++t; --n;
+    if (!n) break; if (*t == ch) break; ++t; --n;
+    if (!n) break; if (*t == ch) break; ++t; --n;
+  }
+  return t - s;
+}
diff --git a/byte_copy.c b/byte_copy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "byte.h"
+
+void byte_copy(to,n,from)
+register char *to;
+register unsigned int n;
+register char *from;
+{
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!n) return; *to++ = *from++; --n;
+    if (!n) return; *to++ = *from++; --n;
+    if (!n) return; *to++ = *from++; --n;
+    if (!n) return; *to++ = *from++; --n;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/byte_cr.c b/byte_cr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include "byte.h"
+
+void byte_copyr(to,n,from)
+register char *to;
+register unsigned int n;
+register char *from;
+{
+  to += n;
+  from += n;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!n) return; *--to = *--from; --n;
+    if (!n) return; *--to = *--from; --n;
+    if (!n) return; *--to = *--from; --n;
+    if (!n) return; *--to = *--from; --n;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/byte_diff.c b/byte_diff.c
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include "byte.h"
+
+int byte_diff(s,n,t)
+register char *s;
+register unsigned int n;
+register char *t;
+{
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!n) return 0; if (*s != *t) break; ++s; ++t; --n;
+    if (!n) return 0; if (*s != *t) break; ++s; ++t; --n;
+    if (!n) return 0; if (*s != *t) break; ++s; ++t; --n;
+    if (!n) return 0; if (*s != *t) break; ++s; ++t; --n;
+  }
+  return ((int)(unsigned int)(unsigned char) *s)
+       - ((int)(unsigned int)(unsigned char) *t);
+}
diff --git a/byte_rchr.c b/byte_rchr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "byte.h"
+
+unsigned int byte_rchr(s,n,c)
+char *s;
+register unsigned int n;
+int c;
+{
+  register char ch;
+  register char *t;
+  register char *u;
+
+  ch = c;
+  t = s;
+  u = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!n) break; if (*t == ch) u = t; ++t; --n;
+    if (!n) break; if (*t == ch) u = t; ++t; --n;
+    if (!n) break; if (*t == ch) u = t; ++t; --n;
+    if (!n) break; if (*t == ch) u = t; ++t; --n;
+  }
+  if (!u) u = t;
+  return u - s;
+}
diff --git a/byte_zero.c b/byte_zero.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "byte.h"
+
+void byte_zero(s,n)
+char *s;
+register unsigned int n;
+{
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!n) break; *s++ = 0; --n;
+    if (!n) break; *s++ = 0; --n;
+    if (!n) break; *s++ = 0; --n;
+    if (!n) break; *s++ = 0; --n;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/case.3 b/case.3
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+.TH case 3
+.SH NAME
+case \- convert ASCII uppercase bytes to lowercase
+.SH SYNTAX
+.B #include <case.h>
+
+void \fBcase_lowers\fP(\fIs\fR);
+.br
+void \fBcase_lowerb\fP(\fIs\fR,\fIlen\fR);
+
+int \fBcase_diffs\fP(\fIs\fR,\fIt\fR);
+.br
+int \fBcase_equals\fP(\fIs\fR,\fIt\fR);
+.br
+int \fBcase_starts\fP(\fIs\fR,\fIt\fR);
+
+int \fBcase_diffb\fP(\fIs\fR,\fIlen\fR,\fIt\fR);
+.br
+int \fBcase_startb\fP(\fIs\fR,\fIlen\fR,\fIt\fR);
+
+char *\fIs\fR;
+.br
+char *\fIt\fR;
+.br
+unsigned int \fIlen\fR;
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B case_lowers
+converts each uppercase byte in the string
+.I s
+to lowercase.
+.I s
+must be 0-terminated.
+
+.B case_lowerb
+converts each uppercase byte in the buffer
+.IR s ,
+of length
+.IR len ,
+to lowercase.
+
+.B case_diffs
+lexicographically compares lowercase versions of the strings
+.I s
+and
+.IR t .
+It returns something positive, negative, or zero
+when the first is larger than, smaller than, or equal to the second.
+.I s
+and
+.I t
+must be 0-terminated.
+
+.B case_equals
+means
+.BR !case_diffs .
+
+.B case_starts
+returns 1 if a lowercase version of
+.I s
+starts with a lowercase version of
+.IR t .
+.I s
+and
+.I t
+must be 0-terminated.
+
+.B case_diffb
+lexicographically compares lowercase versions of the buffers
+.I s
+and
+.IR t ,
+each of length
+.IR len .
+It returns something positive, negative, or zero
+when the first is larger than, smaller than, or equal to the second.
+
+.B case_startb
+returns 1 if a lowercase version of the buffer
+.IR s ,
+of length
+.IR len ,
+starts with a lowercase version of the string
+.IR t .
+.I t
+must be 0-terminated.
+
+The
+.B case
+routines
+are ASCII-specific.
+They are suitable for programs that handle
+case-independent networking protocols.
+
+All comparisons are performed on unsigned bytes.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+byte_diff(3),
+byte_equal(3),
+str_diff(3),
+str_equal(3),
+str_start(3)
diff --git a/case.h b/case.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef CASE_H
+#define CASE_H
+
+extern void case_lowers();
+extern void case_lowerb();
+extern int case_diffs();
+extern int case_diffb();
+extern int case_starts();
+extern int case_startb();
+
+#define case_equals(s,t) (!case_diffs((s),(t)))
+
+#endif
diff --git a/case_diffb.c b/case_diffb.c
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include "case.h"
+
+int case_diffb(s,len,t)
+register char *s;
+unsigned int len;
+register char *t;
+{
+  register unsigned char x;
+  register unsigned char y;
+
+  while (len > 0) {
+    --len;
+    x = *s++ - 'A';
+    if (x <= 'Z' - 'A') x += 'a'; else x += 'A';
+    y = *t++ - 'A';
+    if (y <= 'Z' - 'A') y += 'a'; else y += 'A';
+    if (x != y)
+      return ((int)(unsigned int) x) - ((int)(unsigned int) y);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/case_diffs.c b/case_diffs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "case.h"
+
+int case_diffs(s,t)
+register char *s;
+register char *t;
+{
+  register unsigned char x;
+  register unsigned char y;
+
+  for (;;) {
+    x = *s++ - 'A';
+    if (x <= 'Z' - 'A') x += 'a'; else x += 'A';
+    y = *t++ - 'A';
+    if (y <= 'Z' - 'A') y += 'a'; else y += 'A';
+    if (x != y) break;
+    if (!x) break;
+  }
+  return ((int)(unsigned int) x) - ((int)(unsigned int) y);
+}
diff --git a/case_lowerb.c b/case_lowerb.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "case.h"
+
+void case_lowerb(s,len)
+char *s;
+unsigned int len;
+{
+  unsigned char x;
+  while (len > 0) {
+    --len;
+    x = *s - 'A';
+    if (x <= 'Z' - 'A') *s = x + 'a';
+    ++s;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/case_lowers.c b/case_lowers.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "case.h"
+
+void case_lowers(s)
+char *s;
+{
+  unsigned char x;
+  while (x = *s) {
+    x -= 'A';
+    if (x <= 'Z' - 'A') *s = x + 'a';
+    ++s;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/case_starts.c b/case_starts.c
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "case.h"
+
+int case_starts(s,t)
+register char *s;
+register char *t;
+{
+  register unsigned char x;
+  register unsigned char y;
+
+  for (;;) {
+    x = *s++ - 'A';
+    if (x <= 'Z' - 'A') x += 'a'; else x += 'A';
+    y = *t++ - 'A';
+    if (y <= 'Z' - 'A') y += 'a'; else y += 'A';
+    if (!y) return 1;
+    if (x != y) return 0;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/cdb.3 b/cdb.3
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+.TH cdb 3
+.SH NAME
+cdb \- read from a constant database
+.SH SYNTAX
+.B #include <cdb.h>
+
+int \fBcdb_seek(\fP\fIfd,key,len,dlen\fR\fB)\fP;
+
+int \fIfd\fR;
+.br
+char *\fIkey\fR;
+.br
+unsigned int \fIlen\fR;
+.br
+uint32 *\fIdlen\fR;
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B cdb_seek
+looks up
+.I key
+in a constant database.
+It returns 1 if 
+.I key
+is present,
+0 if 
+.I key
+is not present,
+or \-1 if there was a read error.
+.I key
+is an array of
+.I len
+characters.
+
+.B cdb_seek
+needs an open file descriptor,
+.IR fd ,
+pointing to the database.
+If
+.B cdb_seek
+returns 1,
+it points
+.I fd
+at the beginning of the data portion of the first record
+indexed by
+.IR key ,
+and it stores the data length in
+.IR dlen.
+.B cdb_seek
+does not provide a way to read subsequent records with the same key.
+
+It's fine to do several
+.B cdb_seek
+lookups with the same open file descriptor.
+Beware, however, that two simultaneous
+.B cdb_seek
+lookups can fail horribly;
+separate processes should not share the same database descriptor.
+Furthermore, any updates after the database was opened
+will be invisible.
+It's rarely a good idea for a long-running program
+to hold a database open.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+cdbget(1)
diff --git a/cdb.h b/cdb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef CDB_H
+#define CDB_H
+
+#include "uint32.h"
+
+extern uint32 cdb_hash();
+extern uint32 cdb_unpack();
+
+extern int cdb_bread();
+extern int cdb_seek();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/cdb_hash.c b/cdb_hash.c
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include "cdb.h"
+
+uint32 cdb_hash(buf,len)
+unsigned char *buf;
+unsigned int len;
+{
+  uint32 h;
+
+  h = 5381;
+  while (len) {
+    --len;
+    h += (h << 5);
+    h ^= (uint32) *buf++;
+  }
+  return h;
+}
diff --git a/cdb_seek.c b/cdb_seek.c
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+extern int errno;
+#include "cdb.h"
+
+#ifndef SEEK_SET
+#define SEEK_SET 0
+#endif
+
+int cdb_bread(fd,buf,len)
+int fd;
+char *buf;
+int len;
+{
+  int r;
+  while (len > 0) {
+    do
+      r = read(fd,buf,len);
+    while ((r == -1) && (errno == EINTR));
+    if (r == -1) return -1;
+    if (r == 0) { errno = EIO; return -1; }
+    buf += r;
+    len -= r;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int match(fd,key,len)
+int fd;
+char *key;
+unsigned int len;
+{
+  char buf[32];
+  int n;
+  int i;
+
+  while (len > 0) {
+    n = sizeof(buf);
+    if (n > len) n = len;
+    if (cdb_bread(fd,buf,n) == -1) return -1;
+    for (i = 0;i < n;++i) if (buf[i] != key[i]) return 0;
+    key += n;
+    len -= n;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int cdb_seek(fd,key,len,dlen)
+int fd;
+char *key;
+unsigned int len;
+uint32 *dlen;
+{
+  char packbuf[8];
+  uint32 pos;
+  uint32 h;
+  uint32 lenhash;
+  uint32 h2;
+  uint32 loop;
+  uint32 poskd;
+
+  h = cdb_hash(key,len);
+
+  pos = 8 * (h & 255);
+  if (lseek(fd,(off_t) pos,SEEK_SET) == -1) return -1;
+
+  if (cdb_bread(fd,packbuf,8) == -1) return -1;
+
+  pos = cdb_unpack(packbuf);
+  lenhash = cdb_unpack(packbuf + 4);
+
+  if (!lenhash) return 0;
+  h2 = (h >> 8) % lenhash;
+
+  for (loop = 0;loop < lenhash;++loop) {
+    if (lseek(fd,(off_t) (pos + 8 * h2),SEEK_SET) == -1) return -1;
+    if (cdb_bread(fd,packbuf,8) == -1) return -1;
+    poskd = cdb_unpack(packbuf + 4);
+    if (!poskd) return 0;
+    if (cdb_unpack(packbuf) == h) {
+      if (lseek(fd,(off_t) poskd,SEEK_SET) == -1) return -1;
+      if (cdb_bread(fd,packbuf,8) == -1) return -1;
+      if (cdb_unpack(packbuf) == len)
+	switch(match(fd,key,len)) {
+	  case -1:
+	    return -1;
+	  case 1:
+	    *dlen = cdb_unpack(packbuf + 4);
+	    return 1;
+	}
+    }
+    if (++h2 == lenhash) h2 = 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/cdb_unpack.c b/cdb_unpack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "cdb.h"
+
+uint32 cdb_unpack(buf)
+unsigned char *buf;
+{
+  uint32 num;
+  num = buf[3]; num <<= 8;
+  num += buf[2]; num <<= 8;
+  num += buf[1]; num <<= 8;
+  num += buf[0];
+  return num;
+}
diff --git a/cdbmake.h b/cdbmake.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef CDBMAKE_H
+#define CDBMAKE_H
+
+#include "uint32.h"
+
+#define CDBMAKE_HPLIST 1000
+
+struct cdbmake_hp { uint32 h; uint32 p; } ;
+
+struct cdbmake_hplist {
+  struct cdbmake_hp hp[CDBMAKE_HPLIST];
+  struct cdbmake_hplist *next;
+  int num;
+} ;
+
+struct cdbmake {
+  char final[2048];
+  uint32 count[256];
+  uint32 start[256];
+  struct cdbmake_hplist *head;
+  struct cdbmake_hp *split; /* includes space for hash */
+  struct cdbmake_hp *hash;
+  uint32 numentries;
+} ;
+
+extern void cdbmake_pack();
+#define CDBMAKE_HASHSTART ((uint32) 5381)
+extern uint32 cdbmake_hashadd();
+
+extern void cdbmake_init();
+extern int cdbmake_add();
+extern int cdbmake_split();
+extern uint32 cdbmake_throw();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/cdbmake_add.c b/cdbmake_add.c
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#include "cdbmake.h"
+
+void cdbmake_init(cdbm)
+struct cdbmake *cdbm;
+{
+  cdbm->head = 0;
+  cdbm->split = 0;
+  cdbm->hash = 0;
+  cdbm->numentries = 0;
+}
+
+int cdbmake_add(cdbm,h,p,alloc)
+struct cdbmake *cdbm;
+uint32 h;
+uint32 p;
+char *(*alloc)();
+{
+  struct cdbmake_hplist *head;
+
+  head = cdbm->head;
+  if (!head || (head->num >= CDBMAKE_HPLIST)) {
+    head = (struct cdbmake_hplist *) alloc(sizeof(struct cdbmake_hplist));
+    if (!head) return 0;
+    head->num = 0;
+    head->next = cdbm->head;
+    cdbm->head = head;
+  }
+  head->hp[head->num].h = h;
+  head->hp[head->num].p = p;
+  ++head->num;
+  ++cdbm->numentries;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int cdbmake_split(cdbm,alloc)
+struct cdbmake *cdbm;
+char *(*alloc)();
+{
+  int i;
+  uint32 u;
+  uint32 memsize;
+  struct cdbmake_hplist *x;
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 256;++i)
+    cdbm->count[i] = 0;
+
+  for (x = cdbm->head;x;x = x->next) {
+    i = x->num;
+    while (i--)
+      ++cdbm->count[255 & x->hp[i].h];
+  }
+
+  memsize = 1;
+  for (i = 0;i < 256;++i) {
+    u = cdbm->count[i] * 2;
+    if (u > memsize)
+      memsize = u;
+  }
+
+  memsize += cdbm->numentries; /* no overflow possible up to now */
+  u = (uint32) 0 - (uint32) 1;
+  u /= sizeof(struct cdbmake_hp);
+  if (memsize > u) return 0;
+
+  cdbm->split = (struct cdbmake_hp *) alloc(memsize * sizeof(struct cdbmake_hp));
+  if (!cdbm->split) return 0;
+
+  cdbm->hash = cdbm->split + cdbm->numentries;
+
+  u = 0;
+  for (i = 0;i < 256;++i) {
+    u += cdbm->count[i]; /* bounded by numentries, so no overflow */
+    cdbm->start[i] = u;
+  }
+
+  for (x = cdbm->head;x;x = x->next) {
+    i = x->num;
+    while (i--)
+      cdbm->split[--cdbm->start[255 & x->hp[i].h]] = x->hp[i];
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+uint32 cdbmake_throw(cdbm,pos,b)
+struct cdbmake *cdbm;
+uint32 pos;
+int b;
+{
+  uint32 len;
+  uint32 j;
+  uint32 count;
+  struct cdbmake_hp *hp;
+  uint32 where;
+
+  count = cdbm->count[b];
+
+  len = count + count; /* no overflow possible */
+  cdbmake_pack(cdbm->final + 8 * b,pos);
+  cdbmake_pack(cdbm->final + 8 * b + 4,len);
+
+  if (len) {
+    for (j = 0;j < len;++j)
+      cdbm->hash[j].h = cdbm->hash[j].p = 0;
+
+    hp = cdbm->split + cdbm->start[b];
+    for (j = 0;j < count;++j) {
+      where = (hp->h >> 8) % len;
+      while (cdbm->hash[where].p)
+	if (++where == len)
+	  where = 0;
+      cdbm->hash[where] = *hp++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return len;
+}
diff --git a/cdbmake_hash.c b/cdbmake_hash.c
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "cdbmake.h"
+
+uint32 cdbmake_hashadd(h,c)
+uint32 h;
+unsigned int c;
+{
+  h += (h << 5);
+  h ^= (uint32) (unsigned char) c;
+  return h;
+}
diff --git a/cdbmake_pack.c b/cdbmake_pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "cdbmake.h"
+
+void cdbmake_pack(buf,num)
+unsigned char *buf;
+uint32 num;
+{
+  *buf++ = num; num >>= 8;
+  *buf++ = num; num >>= 8;
+  *buf++ = num; num >>= 8;
+  *buf = num;
+}
diff --git a/cdbmss.c b/cdbmss.c
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include "readwrite.h"
+#include "seek.h"
+#include "alloc.h"
+#include "cdbmss.h"
+
+int cdbmss_start(c,fd)
+struct cdbmss *c;
+int fd;
+{
+  cdbmake_init(&c->cdbm);
+  c->fd = fd;
+  c->pos = sizeof(c->cdbm.final);
+  substdio_fdbuf(&c->ss,write,fd,c->ssbuf,sizeof(c->ssbuf));
+  return seek_set(fd,(seek_pos) c->pos);
+}
+
+int cdbmss_add(c,key,keylen,data,datalen)
+struct cdbmss *c;
+unsigned char *key;
+unsigned int keylen;
+unsigned char *data;
+unsigned int datalen;
+{
+  uint32 h;
+  int i;
+
+  cdbmake_pack(c->packbuf,(uint32) keylen);
+  cdbmake_pack(c->packbuf + 4,(uint32) datalen);
+  if (substdio_put(&c->ss,c->packbuf,8) == -1) return -1;
+  if (substdio_put(&c->ss,key,keylen) == -1) return -1;
+  if (substdio_put(&c->ss,data,datalen) == -1) return -1;
+
+  h = CDBMAKE_HASHSTART;
+  for (i = 0;i < keylen;++i)
+    h = cdbmake_hashadd(h,(unsigned int) key[i]);
+
+  if (!cdbmake_add(&c->cdbm,h,c->pos,alloc)) return -1;
+
+  c->pos += 8 + keylen + datalen; /* XXX: overflow? */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int cdbmss_finish(c)
+struct cdbmss *c;
+{
+  int i;
+  uint32 len;
+  uint32 u;
+
+  if (!cdbmake_split(&c->cdbm,alloc)) return -1;
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 256;++i) {
+    len = cdbmake_throw(&c->cdbm,c->pos,i);
+    for (u = 0;u < len;++u) {
+      cdbmake_pack(c->packbuf,c->cdbm.hash[u].h);
+      cdbmake_pack(c->packbuf + 4,c->cdbm.hash[u].p);
+      if (substdio_put(&c->ss,c->packbuf,8) == -1) return -1;
+      c->pos += 8; /* XXX: overflow? */
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (substdio_flush(&c->ss) == -1) return -1;
+  if (seek_begin(c->fd) == -1) return -1;
+  return substdio_putflush(&c->ss,c->cdbm.final,sizeof(c->cdbm.final));
+}
diff --git a/cdbmss.h b/cdbmss.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef CDBMSS_H
+#define CDBMSS_H
+
+#include "cdbmake.h"
+#include "substdio.h"
+
+struct cdbmss {
+  char ssbuf[1024];
+  struct cdbmake cdbm;
+  substdio ss;
+  char packbuf[8];
+  uint32 pos;
+  int fd;
+} ;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/chkshsgr.c b/chkshsgr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include "exit.h"
+void main()
+{
+ short x[4];
+
+ x[0] = x[1] = 0;
+ if (getgroups(1,x) == 0) if (setgroups(1,x) == -1) _exit(1);
+ _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/chkspawn.c b/chkspawn.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "subfd.h"
+#include "fmt.h"
+#include "select.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+#include "auto_spawn.h"
+
+char num[FMT_ULONG];
+fd_set fds;
+
+void main()
+{
+  unsigned long hiddenlimit;
+  unsigned long maxnumd;
+ 
+  hiddenlimit = sizeof(fds) * 8;
+  maxnumd = (hiddenlimit - 5) / 2;
+ 
+  if (auto_spawn < 1) {
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,"Oops. You have set conf-spawn lower than 1.\n");
+    substdio_flush(subfderr);
+    _exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (auto_spawn > 255) {
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,"Oops. You have set conf-spawn higher than 255.\n");
+    substdio_flush(subfderr);
+    _exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (auto_spawn > maxnumd) {
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,"Oops. Your system's FD_SET() has a hidden limit of ");
+    substdio_put(subfderr,num,fmt_ulong(num,hiddenlimit));
+    substdio_puts(subfderr," descriptors.\n\
+This means that the qmail daemons could crash if you set the run-time\n\
+concurrency higher than ");
+    substdio_put(subfderr,num,fmt_ulong(num,maxnumd));
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,". So I'm going to insist that the concurrency\n\
+limit in conf-spawn be at most ");
+    substdio_put(subfderr,num,fmt_ulong(num,maxnumd));
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,". Right now it's ");
+    substdio_put(subfderr,num,fmt_ulong(num,(unsigned long) auto_spawn));
+    substdio_puts(subfderr,".\n");
+    substdio_flush(subfderr);
+    _exit(1);
+  }
+  _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/coe.3 b/coe.3
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+.TH coe 3
+.SH NAME
+coe \- set close-on-exec flag for a descriptor
+.SH SYNTAX
+.B #include <coe.h>
+
+int \fBcoe\fP(\fIfd\fR);
+
+int \fIfd\fR;
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B coe
+sets the close-on-exec flag for
+file descriptor
+.IR fd ,
+returning 0 if it was successful
+or -1 on error.
+If
+.B coe
+is successful,
+.I fd
+will be closed when the process calls
+.BR execve .
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+execve(2),
+fcntl(2)
diff --git a/coe.c b/coe.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include "coe.h"
+
+int coe(fd)
+int fd;
+{
+  return fcntl(fd,F_SETFD,1);
+}
diff --git a/coe.h b/coe.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef COE_H
+#define COE_H
+
+extern int coe();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/condredirect.1 b/condredirect.1
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+.TH condredirect 1
+.SH NAME
+condredirect \- perhaps redirect mail to another address
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+in
+.BR .qmail :
+.B |condredirect
+.I newaddress
+.I program
+[
+.I arg ...
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B condredirect
+feeds each new mail message to
+.I program
+with the given arguments.
+If
+.I program
+exits 0,
+.B condredirect
+forwards the mail message to
+.IR newaddress ,
+and then exits 99,
+so further commands in
+.B .qmail
+are ignored.
+
+If
+.I program
+exits 111,
+.B condredirect
+exits 111,
+so delivery will be retried later.
+
+If
+.I program
+exits anything else
+(or does not exist),
+.B condredirect
+exits 0,
+so the rest of
+.B .qmail
+will be processed as usual.
+
+Note that
+it is not safe for
+.I program
+to fork a child that
+reads the message in the background.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+dot-qmail(5),
+qmail-command(8),
+qmail-queue(8)
diff --git a/condredirect.c b/condredirect.c
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include "sig.h"
+#include "readwrite.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+#include "env.h"
+#include "error.h"
+#include "fork.h"
+#include "wait.h"
+#include "seek.h"
+#include "qmail.h"
+#include "stralloc.h"
+#include "subfd.h"
+#include "substdio.h"
+
+void die_success() { _exit(0); }
+void die_99() { _exit(99); }
+void die_perm(s) char *s; { substdio_putsflush(subfderr,s); _exit(100); }
+void die_temp(s) char *s; { substdio_putsflush(subfderr,s); _exit(111); }
+void die_nomem() { die_temp("condredirect: fatal: out of memory\n"); }
+
+struct qmail qqt;
+
+int mywrite(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;
+{
+ qmail_put(&qqt,buf,len);
+ return len;
+}
+
+substdio ssin;
+substdio ssout;
+char inbuf[SUBSTDIO_INSIZE];
+char outbuf[16];
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+ char *sender;
+ char *dtline;
+ int pid;
+ int wstat;
+
+ if (!argv[1] || !argv[2])
+   die_perm("condredirect: usage: condredirect newaddress program arg ...\n");
+
+ switch(pid = fork())
+  {
+   case -1: die_temp("condredirect: fatal: unable to fork\n");
+   case 0:
+     execvp(argv[2],argv + 2);
+     if (error_temp(errno)) _exit(111);
+     _exit(100);
+  }
+ if (wait_pid(&wstat,pid) != pid)
+   die_perm("condredirect: fatal: internal bug\n");
+ if (wait_crashed(wstat)) die_temp("condredirect: fatal: child crashed\n");
+ switch(wait_exitcode(wstat))
+  {
+   case 0: break;
+   case 111: die_temp("condredirect: fatal: temporary child error\n");
+   default: die_success();
+  }
+
+ if (seek_begin(0) == -1) die_temp("condredirect: fatal: unable to rewind\n");
+ sig_pipeignore();
+
+ sender = env_get("SENDER");
+ if (!sender) die_perm("condredirect: fatal: SENDER not set\n");
+ dtline = env_get("DTLINE");
+ if (!dtline) die_perm("condredirect: fatal: DTLINE not set\n");
+
+ if (qmail_open(&qqt) == -1) die_temp("condredirect: fatal: unable to fork\n");
+ qmail_puts(&qqt,dtline);
+ substdio_fdbuf(&ssin,read,0,inbuf,sizeof(inbuf));
+ substdio_fdbuf(&ssout,mywrite,-1,outbuf,sizeof(outbuf));
+ if (substdio_copy(&ssout,&ssin) != 0)
+   die_temp("condredirect: fatal: error while reading message\n");
+ substdio_flush(&ssout);
+
+ qmail_from(&qqt,sender);
+ qmail_to(&qqt,argv[1]);
+ switch(qmail_close(&qqt))
+  {
+   case 0: die_99();
+   case QMAIL_TOOLONG: die_perm("condredirect: fatal: permanent qmail-queue error\n");
+   default: die_temp("condredirect: fatal: temporary qmail-queue error\n");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/conf-break b/conf-break
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-
+
+This character is the user-ext delimiter. The default delimiter is -,
+meaning that user joe controls joe-anything. Some system administrators
+prefer + or =.
+
+You can override this choice at run time with the qmail-users mechanism.
+
+Multicharacter delimiters are not permitted.
diff --git a/conf-cc b/conf-cc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+cc -O2
+
+This will be used to compile .c files.
diff --git a/conf-groups b/conf-groups
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+qmail
+nofiles
+
+These are the qmail groups. The second group should not have access to
+any files, but it must be usable for processes; this requirement
+excludes the ``nogroup'' and ``nobody'' groups on many systems.
diff --git a/conf-ld b/conf-ld
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+cc -s
+
+This will be used to link .o files into an executable.
diff --git a/conf-patrn b/conf-patrn
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+022
+
+These stat bits are not allowed in ~ and ~/.qmail.
+
+Note that ~ftp, ~www, ~uucp, etc. should be owned by root.
diff --git a/conf-qmail b/conf-qmail
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/var/qmail
+
+This is the qmail home directory. It must be a local directory, not
+shared among machines. This is where qmail queues all mail messages. 
diff --git a/conf-spawn b/conf-spawn
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+120
+
+This is a silent concurrency limit. You can't set it above 255. On some
+systems you can't set it above 125. qmail will refuse to compile if the
+limit is too high.
diff --git a/conf-split b/conf-split
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+23
+
+This is the queue subdirectory split.
diff --git a/conf-users b/conf-users
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+alias
+qmaild
+qmaill
+root
+qmailp
+qmailq
+qmailr
+qmails
+
+The qmail system is heavily partitioned for security; it does almost
+nothing as root.
+
+The first eight lines of this file are the alias user, the daemon user,
+the log user, the owner of miscellaneous files such as binaries, the
+passwd user, the queue user, the remote user, and the send user.
diff --git a/constmap.c b/constmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "constmap.h"
+#include "alloc.h"
+#include "case.h"
+
+static constmap_hash hash(s,len)
+char *s;
+int len;
+{
+ unsigned char ch;
+ constmap_hash h;
+ h = 5381;
+ while (len > 0)
+  {
+   ch = *s++ - 'A';
+   if (ch <= 'Z' - 'A') ch += 'a' - 'A';
+   h = ((h << 5) + h) ^ ch;
+   --len;
+  }
+ return h;
+}
+
+char *constmap(cm,s,len)
+struct constmap *cm;
+char *s;
+int len;
+{
+ constmap_hash h;
+ int pos;
+ h = hash(s,len);
+ pos = cm->first[h & cm->mask];
+ while (pos != -1)
+  {
+   if (h == cm->hash[pos])
+     if (len == cm->inputlen[pos])
+       if (!case_diffb(cm->input[pos],len,s))
+	 return cm->input[pos] + cm->inputlen[pos] + 1;
+   pos = cm->next[pos];
+  }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int constmap_init(cm,s,len,flagcolon)
+struct constmap *cm;
+char *s;
+int len;
+int flagcolon;
+{
+ int i;
+ int j;
+ int k;
+ int pos;
+ constmap_hash h;
+
+ cm->num = 0;
+ for (j = 0;j < len;++j) if (!s[j]) ++cm->num;
+
+ h = 64;
+ while (h && (h < cm->num)) h += h;
+ cm->mask = h - 1;
+
+ cm->first = (int *) alloc(sizeof(int) * h);
+ if (cm->first)
+  {
+   cm->input = (char **) alloc(sizeof(char *) * cm->num);
+   if (cm->input)
+    {
+     cm->inputlen = (int *) alloc(sizeof(int) * cm->num);
+     if (cm->inputlen)
+      {
+       cm->hash = (constmap_hash *) alloc(sizeof(constmap_hash) * cm->num);
+       if (cm->hash)
+	{
+	 cm->next = (int *) alloc(sizeof(int) * cm->num);
+	 if (cm->next)
+	  {
+	   for (h = 0;h <= cm->mask;++h)
+	     cm->first[h] = -1;
+           pos = 0;
+           i = 0;
+           for (j = 0;j < len;++j)
+             if (!s[j])
+              {
+	       k = j - i;
+	       if (flagcolon)
+		{
+		 for (k = i;k < j;++k)
+		   if (s[k] == ':')
+		     break;
+		 if (k >= j) { i = j + 1; continue; }
+		 k -= i;
+		}
+               cm->input[pos] = s + i;
+               cm->inputlen[pos] = k;
+               h = hash(s + i,k);
+               cm->hash[pos] = h;
+               h &= cm->mask;
+               cm->next[pos] = cm->first[h];
+               cm->first[h] = pos;
+               ++pos;
+               i = j + 1;
+              }
+           return 1;
+	  }
+	 alloc_free(cm->hash);
+	}
+       alloc_free(cm->inputlen);
+      }
+     alloc_free(cm->input);
+    }
+   alloc_free(cm->first);
+  }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void constmap_free(cm)
+struct constmap *cm;
+{
+ alloc_free(cm->next);
+ alloc_free(cm->hash);
+ alloc_free(cm->inputlen);
+ alloc_free(cm->input);
+ alloc_free(cm->first);
+}
diff --git a/constmap.h b/constmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef CONSTMAP_H
+#define CONSTMAP_H
+
+typedef unsigned long constmap_hash;
+
+struct constmap
+ {
+  int num;
+  constmap_hash mask;
+  constmap_hash *hash;
+  int *first;
+  int *next;
+  char **input;
+  int *inputlen;
+ }
+;
+
+extern int constmap_init();
+extern void constmap_free();
+extern char *constmap();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/control.c b/control.c
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#include "readwrite.h"
+#include "open.h"
+#include "getln.h"
+#include "stralloc.h"
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "error.h"
+#include "control.h"
+#include "alloc.h"
+#include "scan.h"
+
+static char inbuf[64];
+static stralloc line = {0};
+static stralloc me = {0};
+static int meok = 0;
+
+static void striptrailingwhitespace(sa)
+stralloc *sa;
+{
+ while (sa->len > 0)
+   switch(sa->s[sa->len - 1])
+    {
+     case '\n': case ' ': case '\t':
+       --sa->len;
+       break;
+     default:
+       return;
+    }
+}
+
+int control_init()
+{
+ int r;
+ r = control_readline(&me,"control/me");
+ if (r == 1) meok = 1;
+ return r;
+}
+
+int control_rldef(sa,fn,flagme,def)
+stralloc *sa;
+char *fn;
+int flagme;
+char *def;
+{
+ int r;
+ r = control_readline(sa,fn);
+ if (r) return r;
+ if (flagme) if (meok) return stralloc_copy(sa,&me) ? 1 : -1;
+ if (def) return stralloc_copys(sa,def) ? 1 : -1;
+ return r;
+}
+
+int control_readline(sa,fn)
+stralloc *sa;
+char *fn;
+{
+ substdio ss;
+ int fd;
+ int match;
+
+ fd = open_read(fn);
+ if (fd == -1) { if (errno == error_noent) return 0; return -1; }
+ 
+ substdio_fdbuf(&ss,read,fd,inbuf,sizeof(inbuf));
+
+ if (getln(&ss,sa,&match,'\n') == -1) { close(fd); return -1; }
+
+ striptrailingwhitespace(sa);
+ close(fd);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int control_readint(i,fn)
+int *i;
+char *fn;
+{
+ unsigned long u;
+ switch(control_readline(&line,fn))
+  {
+   case 0: return 0;
+   case -1: return -1;
+  }
+ if (scan_nbblong(line.s,line.len,10,0,&u) == 0) return 0;
+ *i = u;
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int control_readfile(sa,fn,flagme)
+stralloc *sa;
+char *fn;
+int flagme;
+{
+ substdio ss;
+ int fd;
+ int match;
+
+ if (!stralloc_copys(sa,"")) return -1;
+
+ fd = open_read(fn);
+ if (fd == -1) 
+  {
+   if (errno == error_noent)
+    {
+     if (flagme && meok)
+      {
+       if (!stralloc_copy(sa,&me)) return -1;
+       if (!stralloc_0(sa)) return -1;
+       return 1;
+      }
+     return 0;
+    }
+   return -1;
+  }
+
+ substdio_fdbuf(&ss,read,fd,inbuf,sizeof(inbuf));
+
+ for (;;)
+  {
+   if (getln(&ss,&line,&match,'\n') == -1) break;
+   if (!match && !line.len) { close(fd); return 1; }
+   striptrailingwhitespace(&line);
+   if (!stralloc_0(&line)) break;
+   if (line.s[0])
+     if (line.s[0] != '#')
+       if (!stralloc_cat(sa,&line)) break;
+   if (!match) { close(fd); return 1; }
+  }
+ close(fd);
+ return -1;
+}
diff --git a/control.h b/control.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef CONTROL_H
+#define CONTROL_H
+
+extern int control_init();
+extern int control_readline();
+extern int control_rldef();
+extern int control_readint();
+extern int control_readfile();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/date822fmt.c b/date822fmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "datetime.h"
+#include "fmt.h"
+#include "date822fmt.h"
+
+static char *montab[12] = {
+"Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"
+};
+
+unsigned int date822fmt(s,dt)
+char *s;
+struct datetime *dt;
+{
+  unsigned int i;
+  unsigned int len;
+  len = 0;
+  i = fmt_uint(s,dt->mday); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_str(s," "); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_str(s,montab[dt->mon]); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_str(s," "); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_uint(s,dt->year + 1900); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_str(s," "); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_uint0(s,dt->hour,2); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_str(s,":"); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_uint0(s,dt->min,2); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_str(s,":"); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_uint0(s,dt->sec,2); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  i = fmt_str(s," -0000\n"); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+  return len;
+}
diff --git a/date822fmt.h b/date822fmt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef DATE822FMT_H
+#define DATE822FMT_H
+
+extern unsigned int date822fmt();
+#define DATE822FMT 60
+
+#endif
diff --git a/datemail.sh b/datemail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exec QMAIL/bin/predate QMAIL/bin/sendmail ${1+"$@"}
diff --git a/datetime.3 b/datetime.3
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+.TH datetime 3
+.SH NAME
+datetime \- convert between TAI labels and seconds
+.SH SYNTAX
+.B #include <datetime.h>
+
+void \fBdatetime_tai\fP(&\fIdt\fR,\fIt\fR);
+
+datetime_sec \fBdatetime_untai\fP(&\fIdt\fR);
+
+struct datetime \fIdt\fR;
+.br
+datetime_sec \fIt\fR;
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+International Atomic Time, TAI,
+is the fundamental unit for time measurements.
+TAI has one label for every second of real time,
+without complications such as leap seconds.
+
+A
+struct datetime
+variable,
+such as
+.IR dt ,
+stores a TAI label.
+.I dt\fB.year
+is the year number minus 1900;
+.I dt\fB.mon
+is the month number, from 0 (January) through 11 (December);
+.I dt\fB.mday
+is the day of the month, from 1 through 31;
+.I dt\fB.hour
+is the hour, from 0 through 23;
+.I dt\fB.min
+is the minute, from 0 through 59;
+.I dt\fB.sec
+is the second, from 0 through 59;
+.I dt\fB.wday
+is the day of the week, from 0 (Sunday) through 6 (Saturday);
+.I dt\fB.yday
+is the day of the year, from 0 through 365.
+
+The
+.B datetime
+library supports more convenient TAI manipulation with
+the datetime_sec type.
+A datetime_sec value, such as
+.IR t ,
+is an integer referring to the
+.IR t th
+second after the beginning of 1970 TAI.
+The first second of 1970 TAI was 0;
+the next second was 1;
+the last second of 1969 TAI was -1.
+The difference between two datetime_sec values is a number
+of real-time seconds.
+
+.B datetime_tai
+converts a datetime_sec to a TAI label.
+
+.B datetime_untai
+reads a TAI label
+(specifically
+.IR dt\fB.year ,
+.IR dt\fB.mon ,
+.IR dt\fB.mday ,
+.IR dt\fB.hour ,
+.IR dt\fB.min ,
+and
+.IR dt\fB.sec )
+and returns a datetime_sec.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+now(3)
diff --git a/datetime.c b/datetime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/* 19950925 */
+#include "datetime.h"
+
+void datetime_tai(dt,t)
+struct datetime *dt;
+datetime_sec t;
+{
+  int day;
+  int tod;
+  int year;
+  int yday;
+  int wday;
+  int mon;
+ 
+  tod = t % 86400;
+  day = t / 86400;
+  if (tod < 0) { tod += 86400; --day; }
+ 
+  dt->hour = tod / 3600;
+  tod %= 3600;
+  dt->min = tod / 60;
+  dt->sec = tod % 60;
+ 
+  wday = (day + 4) % 7; if (wday < 0) wday += 7;
+  dt->wday = wday;
+ 
+  day -= 11017;
+  /* day 0 is march 1, 2000 */
+  year = 5 + day / 146097;
+  day = day % 146097; if (day < 0) { day += 146097; --year; }
+  /* from now on, day is nonnegative */
+  year *= 4;
+  if (day == 146096) { year += 3; day = 36524; }
+  else { year += day / 36524; day %= 36524; }
+  year *= 25;
+  year += day / 1461;
+  day %= 1461;
+  year *= 4;
+  yday = (day < 306);
+  if (day == 1460) { year += 3; day = 365; }
+  else { year += day / 365; day %= 365; }
+  yday += day;
+ 
+  day *= 10;
+  mon = (day + 5) / 306;
+  day = day + 5 - 306 * mon;
+  day /= 10;
+  if (mon >= 10) { yday -= 306; ++year; mon -= 10; }
+  else { yday += 59; mon += 2; }
+ 
+  dt->yday = yday;
+  dt->year = year - 1900;
+  dt->mon = mon;
+  dt->mday = day + 1;
+}
diff --git a/datetime.h b/datetime.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifndef DATETIME_H
+#define DATETIME_H
+
+struct datetime {
+  int hour;
+  int min;
+  int sec;
+  int wday;
+  int mday;
+  int yday;
+  int mon;
+  int year;
+} ;
+
+typedef long datetime_sec;
+
+extern void datetime_tai();
+extern datetime_sec datetime_untai();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/datetime_un.c b/datetime_un.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "datetime.h"
+
+/* roughly 100x faster than mktime() */
+datetime_sec datetime_untai(dt)
+struct datetime *dt;
+{
+  int year;
+  int day;
+  int mon;
+ 
+  year = dt->year + 1900;
+ 
+  mon = dt->mon;
+  if (mon >= 2) { mon -= 2; }
+  else { mon += 10; --year; }
+ 
+  day = (dt->mday - 1) * 10 + 5 + 306 * mon;
+  day /= 10;
+ 
+  if (day == 365) { year -= 3; day = 1460; }
+  else { day += 365 * (year % 4); }
+  year /= 4;
+ 
+  day += 1461 * (year % 25);
+  year /= 25;
+ 
+  if (day == 36524) { year -= 3; day = 146096; }
+  else { day += 36524 * (year % 4); }
+  year /= 4;
+ 
+  day += 146097 * (year - 5);
+  day += 11017;
+ 
+  return ((day * 24 + dt->hour) * 60 + dt->min) * 60 + dt->sec;
+}
diff --git a/direntry.3 b/direntry.3
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+.TH direntry 3
+.SH NAME
+direntry \- read directory entries
+.SH SYNTAX
+.B #include <direntry.h>
+
+DIR *\fBopendir\fP(\fIfn\fR);
+
+struct direntry *\fBreaddir\fP(\fIdir\fP);
+
+void \fBclosedir\fP(\fIdir\fP);
+
+DIR *\fIdir\fR;
+.br
+char *\fIfn\fR;
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The point of
+.B direntry.h
+is to provide a uniform interface to BSD's
+.B sys/dir.h
+and POSIX's
+.BR dirent.h .
+
+The
+.B readdir
+interface is highly unsatisfactory.
+It does not distinguish between I/O errors and end-of-directory.
+It uses
+.BR malloc .
+The return type for
+.B closedir
+varies: some implementations return the
+.B close
+return value.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+readdir(3)
diff --git a/direntry.h1 b/direntry.h1
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef DIRENTRY_H
+#define DIRENTRY_H
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/dir.h>
+#define direntry struct direct
+
+#endif
diff --git a/direntry.h2 b/direntry.h2
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef DIRENTRY_H
+#define DIRENTRY_H
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#define direntry struct dirent
+
+#endif
diff --git a/dns.c b/dns.c
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#include <resolv.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+extern int res_query();
+extern int res_search();
+extern int errno;
+extern int h_errno;
+#include "ip.h"
+#include "ipalloc.h"
+#include "fmt.h"
+#include "alloc.h"
+#include "str.h"
+#include "stralloc.h"
+#include "dns.h"
+#include "case.h"
+
+static unsigned short getshort(c) unsigned char *c;
+{ unsigned short u; u = c[0]; return (u << 8) + c[1]; }
+
+static union { HEADER hdr; unsigned char buf[PACKETSZ]; } response;
+static int responselen;
+static unsigned char *responseend;
+static unsigned char *responsepos;
+
+static int numanswers;
+static char name[MAXDNAME];
+static struct ip_address ip;
+unsigned short pref;
+
+static stralloc glue = {0};
+
+static int (*lookup)() = res_query;
+
+static int resolve(domain,type)
+stralloc *domain;
+int type;
+{
+ int n;
+ int i;
+
+ errno = 0;
+ if (!stralloc_copy(&glue,domain)) return DNS_MEM;
+ if (!stralloc_0(&glue)) return DNS_MEM;
+ responselen = lookup(glue.s,C_IN,type,response.buf,sizeof(response));
+ if (responselen <= 0)
+  {
+   if (errno == ECONNREFUSED) return DNS_SOFT;
+   if (h_errno == TRY_AGAIN) return DNS_SOFT;
+   return DNS_HARD;
+  }
+ if (responselen >= sizeof(response))
+   responselen = sizeof(response);
+ responseend = response.buf + responselen;
+ responsepos = response.buf + sizeof(HEADER);
+ n = ntohs(response.hdr.qdcount);
+ while (n-- > 0)
+  {
+   i = dn_expand(response.buf,responseend,responsepos,name,MAXDNAME);
+   if (i < 0) return DNS_SOFT;
+   responsepos += i;
+   i = responseend - responsepos;
+   if (i < QFIXEDSZ) return DNS_SOFT;
+   responsepos += QFIXEDSZ;
+  }
+ numanswers = ntohs(response.hdr.ancount);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int findname(wanttype)
+int wanttype;
+{
+ unsigned short rrtype;
+ unsigned short rrdlen;
+ int i;
+
+ if (numanswers <= 0) return 2;
+ --numanswers;
+ if (responsepos == responseend) return DNS_SOFT;
+
+ i = dn_expand(response.buf,responseend,responsepos,name,MAXDNAME);
+ if (i < 0) return DNS_SOFT;
+ responsepos += i;
+
+ i = responseend - responsepos;
+ if (i < 4 + 3 * 2) return DNS_SOFT;
+   
+ rrtype = getshort(responsepos);
+ rrdlen = getshort(responsepos + 8);
+ responsepos += 10;
+
+ if (rrtype == wanttype)
+  {
+   if (dn_expand(response.buf,responseend,responsepos,name,MAXDNAME) < 0)
+     return DNS_SOFT;
+   responsepos += rrdlen;
+   return 1;
+  }
+   
+ responsepos += rrdlen;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int findip(wanttype)
+int wanttype;
+{
+ unsigned short rrtype;
+ unsigned short rrdlen;
+ int i;
+
+ if (numanswers <= 0) return 2;
+ --numanswers;
+ if (responsepos == responseend) return DNS_SOFT;
+
+ i = dn_expand(response.buf,responseend,responsepos,name,MAXDNAME);
+ if (i < 0) return DNS_SOFT;
+ responsepos += i;
+
+ i = responseend - responsepos;
+ if (i < 4 + 3 * 2) return DNS_SOFT;
+   
+ rrtype = getshort(responsepos);
+ rrdlen = getshort(responsepos + 8);
+ responsepos += 10;
+
+ if (rrtype == wanttype)
+  {
+   if (rrdlen < 4)
+     return DNS_SOFT;
+   ip.d[0] = responsepos[0];
+   ip.d[1] = responsepos[1];
+   ip.d[2] = responsepos[2];
+   ip.d[3] = responsepos[3];
+   responsepos += rrdlen;
+   return 1;
+  }
+   
+ responsepos += rrdlen;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int findmx(wanttype)
+int wanttype;
+{
+ unsigned short rrtype;
+ unsigned short rrdlen;
+ int i;
+
+ if (numanswers <= 0) return 2;
+ --numanswers;
+ if (responsepos == responseend) return DNS_SOFT;
+
+ i = dn_expand(response.buf,responseend,responsepos,name,MAXDNAME);
+ if (i < 0) return DNS_SOFT;
+ responsepos += i;
+
+ i = responseend - responsepos;
+ if (i < 4 + 3 * 2) return DNS_SOFT;
+   
+ rrtype = getshort(responsepos);
+ rrdlen = getshort(responsepos + 8);
+ responsepos += 10;
+
+ if (rrtype == wanttype)
+  {
+   if (rrdlen < 3)
+     return DNS_SOFT;
+   pref = (responsepos[0] << 8) + responsepos[1];
+   if (dn_expand(response.buf,responseend,responsepos + 2,name,MAXDNAME) < 0)
+     return DNS_SOFT;
+   responsepos += rrdlen;
+   return 1;
+  }
+   
+ responsepos += rrdlen;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void dns_init(flagsearch)
+int flagsearch;
+{
+ res_init();
+ if (flagsearch) lookup = res_search;
+}
+
+int dns_cname(sa)
+stralloc *sa;
+{
+ int r;
+ int loop;
+ for (loop = 0;loop < 10;++loop)
+  {
+   if (!sa->len) return loop;
+   if (sa->s[sa->len - 1] == ']') return loop;
+   if (sa->s[sa->len - 1] == '.') { --sa->len; continue; }
+   switch(resolve(sa,T_ANY))
+    {
+     case DNS_MEM: return DNS_MEM;
+     case DNS_SOFT: return DNS_SOFT;
+     case DNS_HARD: return loop;
+     default:
+       while ((r = findname(T_CNAME)) != 2)
+	{
+	 if (r == DNS_SOFT) return DNS_SOFT;
+	 if (r == 1)
+	  {
+	   if (!stralloc_copys(sa,name)) return DNS_MEM;
+	   break;
+	  }
+	}
+       if (r == 2) return loop;
+    }
+  }
+ return DNS_HARD; /* alias loop */
+}
+
+#define FMT_IAA 40
+
+static int iaafmt(s,ip)
+char *s;
+struct ip_address *ip;
+{
+ unsigned int i;
+ unsigned int len;
+ len = 0;
+ i = fmt_ulong(s,(unsigned long) ip->d[3]); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+ i = fmt_str(s,"."); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+ i = fmt_ulong(s,(unsigned long) ip->d[2]); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+ i = fmt_str(s,"."); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+ i = fmt_ulong(s,(unsigned long) ip->d[1]); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+ i = fmt_str(s,"."); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+ i = fmt_ulong(s,(unsigned long) ip->d[0]); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+ i = fmt_str(s,".in-addr.arpa."); len += i; if (s) s += i;
+ return len;
+}
+
+int dns_ptr(sa,ip)
+stralloc *sa;
+struct ip_address *ip;
+{
+ int r;
+
+ if (!stralloc_ready(sa,iaafmt((char *) 0,ip))) return DNS_MEM;
+ sa->len = iaafmt(sa->s,ip);
+ switch(resolve(sa,T_PTR))
+  {
+   case DNS_MEM: return DNS_MEM;
+   case DNS_SOFT: return DNS_SOFT;
+   case DNS_HARD: return DNS_HARD;
+  }
+ while ((r = findname(T_PTR)) != 2)
+  {
+   if (r == DNS_SOFT) return DNS_SOFT;
+   if (r == 1)
+    {
+     if (!stralloc_copys(sa,name)) return DNS_MEM;
+     return 0;
+    }
+  }
+ return DNS_HARD;
+}
+
+static int dns_ipplus(ia,sa,pref)
+ipalloc *ia;
+stralloc *sa;
+int pref;
+{
+ int r;
+ struct ip_mx ix;
+
+ if (sa->len && (sa->s[0] == '['))
+  {
+   if (!stralloc_copy(&glue,sa)) return DNS_MEM;
+   if (!stralloc_0(&glue)) return DNS_MEM;
+   ix.pref = 0;
+   if (!glue.s[ip_scanbracket(glue.s,&ix.ip)])
+    {
+     if (!ipalloc_append(ia,&ix)) return DNS_MEM;
+     return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+ switch(resolve(sa,T_A))
+  {
+   case DNS_MEM: return DNS_MEM;
+   case DNS_SOFT: return DNS_SOFT;
+   case DNS_HARD: return DNS_HARD;
+  }
+ while ((r = findip(T_A)) != 2)
+  {
+   ix.ip = ip;
+   ix.pref = pref;
+   if (r == DNS_SOFT) return DNS_SOFT;
+   if (r == 1)
+     if (!ipalloc_append(ia,&ix)) return DNS_MEM;
+  }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int dns_ip(ia,sa)
+ipalloc *ia;
+stralloc *sa;
+{
+ if (!ipalloc_readyplus(ia,0)) return DNS_MEM;
+ ia->len = 0;
+ return dns_ipplus(ia,sa,0);
+}
+
+int dns_mxip(ia,sa,random)
+ipalloc *ia;
+stralloc *sa;
+unsigned long random;
+{
+ int r;
+ struct mx { stralloc sa; unsigned short p; } *mx;
+ int nummx;
+ int i;
+ int j;
+ int flagsoft;
+
+ if (!ipalloc_readyplus(ia,0)) return DNS_MEM;
+ ia->len = 0;
+
+ if (sa->len && (sa->s[0] == '['))
+  {
+   struct ip_mx ix;
+   if (!stralloc_copy(&glue,sa)) return DNS_MEM;
+   if (!stralloc_0(&glue)) return DNS_MEM;
+   ix.pref = 0;
+   if (!glue.s[ip_scanbracket(glue.s,&ix.ip)])
+    {
+     if (!ipalloc_append(ia,&ix)) return DNS_MEM;
+     return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+ switch(resolve(sa,T_MX))
+  {
+   case DNS_MEM: return DNS_MEM;
+   case DNS_SOFT: return DNS_SOFT;
+   case DNS_HARD: return dns_ip(ia,sa);
+  }
+
+ mx = (struct mx *) alloc(numanswers * sizeof(struct mx));
+ if (!mx) return DNS_MEM;
+ nummx = 0;
+
+ while ((r = findmx(T_MX)) != 2)
+  {
+   if (r == DNS_SOFT) { alloc_free(mx); return DNS_SOFT; }
+   if (r == 1)
+    {
+     mx[nummx].p = pref;
+     mx[nummx].sa.s = 0;
+     if (!stralloc_copys(&mx[nummx].sa,name))
+      {
+       while (nummx > 0) alloc_free(mx[--nummx].sa.s);
+       alloc_free(mx); return DNS_MEM;
+      }
+     ++nummx;
+    }
+  }
+
+ if (!nummx) return dns_ip(ia,sa); /* e.g., CNAME -> A */
+
+ flagsoft = 0;
+ while (nummx > 0)
+  {
+   unsigned long numsame;
+
+   i = 0;
+   numsame = 1;
+   for (j = 1;j < nummx;++j)
+     if (mx[j].p < mx[i].p)
+      {
+       i = j;
+       numsame = 1;
+      }
+     else if (mx[j].p == mx[i].p)
+      {
+       ++numsame;
+       random = random * 69069 + 1;
+       if ((random / 2) < (2147483647 / numsame))
+         i = j;
+      }
+
+   switch(dns_ipplus(ia,&mx[i].sa,mx[i].p))
+    {
+     case DNS_MEM: case DNS_SOFT:
+       flagsoft = 1; break;
+    }
+
+   alloc_free(mx[i].sa.s);
+   mx[i] = mx[--nummx];
+  }
+
+ alloc_free(mx);
+ return flagsoft;
+}
diff --git a/dns.h b/dns.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef DNS_H
+#define DNS_H
+
+#define DNS_SOFT -1
+#define DNS_HARD -2
+#define DNS_MEM -3
+
+void dns_init();
+int dns_cname();
+int dns_mxip();
+int dns_ip();
+int dns_ptr();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/dnscname.c b/dnscname.c
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "subfd.h"
+#include "stralloc.h"
+#include "dns.h"
+#include "dnsdoe.h"
+#include "readwrite.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+
+stralloc sa = {0};
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+ if (!argv[1]) _exit(100);
+
+ if (!stralloc_copys(&sa,argv[1]))
+  { substdio_putsflush(subfderr,"out of memory\n"); _exit(111); }
+
+ dns_init(0);
+ dnsdoe(dns_cname(&sa));
+ substdio_putflush(subfdout,sa.s,sa.len);
+ substdio_putsflush(subfdout,"\n");
+ _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/dnsdoe.c b/dnsdoe.c
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "subfd.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+#include "dns.h"
+#include "dnsdoe.h"
+
+void dnsdoe(r)
+int r;
+{
+ switch (r)
+  {
+   case DNS_HARD: substdio_putsflush(subfderr,"hard error\n"); _exit(100);
+   case DNS_SOFT: substdio_putsflush(subfderr,"soft error\n"); _exit(111);
+   case DNS_MEM: substdio_putsflush(subfderr,"out of memory\n"); _exit(111);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/dnsdoe.h b/dnsdoe.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef DNSDOE_H
+#define DNSDOE_H
+
+extern void dnsdoe();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/dnsfq.c b/dnsfq.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "subfd.h"
+#include "stralloc.h"
+#include "dns.h"
+#include "dnsdoe.h"
+#include "ip.h"
+#include "ipalloc.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+
+stralloc sa = {0};
+ipalloc ia = {0};
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+ if (!argv[1]) _exit(100);
+
+ if (!stralloc_copys(&sa,argv[1]))
+  { substdio_putsflush(subfderr,"out of memory\n"); _exit(111); }
+
+ dns_init(1);
+ dnsdoe(dns_ip(&ia,&sa));
+ if (ia.len <= 0)
+  {
+   substdio_putsflush(subfderr,"no IP addresses\n"); _exit(100);
+  }
+ dnsdoe(dns_ptr(&sa,&ia.ix[0].ip));
+ substdio_putflush(subfdout,sa.s,sa.len);
+ substdio_putsflush(subfdout,"\n");
+ _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/dnsip.c b/dnsip.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "subfd.h"
+#include "stralloc.h"
+#include "dns.h"
+#include "dnsdoe.h"
+#include "ip.h"
+#include "ipalloc.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+
+char temp[IPFMT];
+
+stralloc sa = {0};
+ipalloc ia = {0};
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+ int j;
+
+ if (!argv[1]) _exit(100);
+
+ if (!stralloc_copys(&sa,argv[1]))
+  { substdio_putsflush(subfderr,"out of memory\n"); _exit(111); }
+
+ dns_init(0);
+ dnsdoe(dns_ip(&ia,&sa));
+ for (j = 0;j < ia.len;++j)
+  {
+   substdio_put(subfdout,temp,ip_fmt(temp,&ia.ix[j].ip));
+   substdio_putsflush(subfdout,"\n");
+  }
+ _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/dnsmxip.c b/dnsmxip.c
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "subfd.h"
+#include "stralloc.h"
+#include "fmt.h"
+#include "dns.h"
+#include "dnsdoe.h"
+#include "ip.h"
+#include "ipalloc.h"
+#include "now.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+
+char temp[IPFMT + FMT_ULONG];
+
+stralloc sa = {0};
+ipalloc ia = {0};
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+ int j;
+ unsigned long r;
+
+ if (!argv[1]) _exit(100);
+
+ if (!stralloc_copys(&sa,argv[1]))
+  { substdio_putsflush(subfderr,"out of memory\n"); _exit(111); }
+
+ r = now() + getpid();
+ dns_init(0);
+ dnsdoe(dns_mxip(&ia,&sa,r));
+ for (j = 0;j < ia.len;++j)
+  {
+   substdio_put(subfdout,temp,ip_fmt(temp,&ia.ix[j].ip));
+   substdio_puts(subfdout," ");
+   substdio_put(subfdout,temp,fmt_ulong(temp,(unsigned long) ia.ix[j].pref));
+   substdio_putsflush(subfdout,"\n");
+  }
+ _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/dnsptr.c b/dnsptr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include "substdio.h"
+#include "subfd.h"
+#include "stralloc.h"
+#include "str.h"
+#include "scan.h"
+#include "dns.h"
+#include "dnsdoe.h"
+#include "ip.h"
+#include "exit.h"
+
+stralloc sa = {0};
+struct ip_address ip;
+
+void main(argc,argv)
+int argc;
+char **argv;
+{
+ if (!argv[1]) _exit(100);
+
+ ip_scan(argv[1],&ip);
+
+ dns_init(0);
+ dnsdoe(dns_ptr(&sa,&ip));
+ substdio_putflush(subfdout,sa.s,sa.len);
+ substdio_putsflush(subfdout,"\n");
+ _exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/dot-qmail.9 b/dot-qmail.9
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+.TH dot-qmail 5
+.SH NAME
+dot-qmail \- control the delivery of mail messages
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Normally the
+.B qmail-local
+program delivers each incoming message to your system mailbox,
+.IR homedir\fB/Mailbox ,
+where
+.I homedir
+is your home directory.
+
+It can instead
+write the mail to a different file or directory,
+forward it to another address,
+distribute it to a mailing list,
+or even execute programs,
+all under your control.
+.SH "THE QMAIL FILE"
+To change
+.BR qmail-local 's
+behavior, set up a
+.B .qmail
+file in your home directory.
+
+.B .qmail
+contains one or more lines.
+Each line is a delivery instruction.
+.B qmail-local
+follows each instruction in turn.
+There are five types of delivery instructions:
+(1) comment; (2) program; (3) forward; (4) mbox; (5) maildir.
+.TP 5
+(1)
+A comment line begins with a number sign:
+
+.EX
+     # this is a comment
+.EE
+
+.B qmail-local
+ignores the line.
+.TP 5
+(2)
+A program line begins with a vertical bar:
+
+.EX
+     |/usr/ucb/vacation djb
+.EE
+
+.B qmail-local
+takes the rest of the line as a command to supply to
+.BR sh .
+See
+.B qmail-command(8)
+for further information.
+.TP 5
+(3)
+A forward line begins with an ampersand:
+
+.EX
+     &me@new.job.com
+.EE
+
+.B qmail-local
+takes the rest of the line as a mail address;
+it uses
+.B qmail-queue
+to forward the message to that address.
+The address must contain a fully qualified domain name;
+it must not contain extra spaces, angle brackets, or comments:
+
+.EX
+     # the following examples are WRONG
+.br
+     &me@new
+.br
+     &<me@new.job.com>
+.br
+     & me@new.job.com
+.br
+     &me@new.job.com (New Address)
+.EE
+
+If the address begins with a letter or number,
+you may leave out the ampersand:
+
+.EX
+     me@new.job.com
+.EE
+
+Note that
+.B qmail-local
+omits its new
+.B Return-Path
+line when forwarding messages.
+.TP 5
+(4)
+An 
+.I mbox
+line begins with a slash or dot,
+and does not end with a slash:
+
+.EX
+     /home/djb/Mailbox.sos
+.EE
+
+.B qmail-local
+takes the entire line as a filename.
+It appends the mail message to that file,
+using
+.BR flock -style
+file locking if possible.
+.B qmail-local
+stores the mail message in
+.I mbox
+format, as described in
+.BR mbox(5) .
+
+.B WARNING:
+On many systems,
+anyone who can read a file can
+.B flock
+it, and thus hold up
+.BR qmail-local 's
+delivery forever.
+Do not deliver mail to a publicly accessible file!
+
+If
+.B qmail-local
+is able to lock the file, but has trouble writing to it
+(because, for example, the disk is full),
+it will truncate the file back to its original length.
+However, it cannot prevent mailbox corruption if the system
+crashes during delivery.
+.TP 5
+(5)
+A
+.I maildir
+line begins with a slash or dot,
+and ends with a slash:
+
+.EX
+     /home/djb/Maildir/
+.EE
+
+.B qmail-local
+takes the entire line as the name of a directory in
+.I maildir
+format.
+It reliably stores the incoming message in that directory.
+See
+.B maildir(5)
+for more details.
+.PP
+If
+.B .qmail
+has the execute bit set,
+it must not contain any
+program lines,
+.I mbox
+lines,
+or
+.I maildir
+lines.
+If
+.B qmail-local
+sees any such lines,
+it will stop and indicate a temporary failure.
+
+If
+.B .qmail
+is completely empty (0 bytes long), or does not exist,
+.B qmail-local
+follows the
+.I aliasempty
+instructions set by your system administrator;
+normally
+.I aliasempty
+is
+.BR ./Mailbox ,
+so
+.B qmail-local
+appends the mail message to
+.B Mailbox
+in
+.I mbox
+format.
+
+.B .qmail
+may contain extra spaces and tabs at the end of a line.
+Blank lines are allowed, but not for the first line of
+.BR .qmail .
+
+If
+.B .qmail
+is world-writable or group-writable,
+.B qmail-local
+stops and indicates a temporary failure.
+.SH "SAFE QMAIL EDITING"
+Incoming messages can arrive at any moment.
+If you want to safely edit your
+.B .qmail
+file, first set the sticky bit on your home directory:
+
+.EX
+     chmod +t $HOME
+.EE
+
+.B qmail-local
+will temporarily defer delivery of any message to you
+if your home directory is sticky
+(or group-writable or other-writable,
+which should never happen).
+Make sure to
+
+.EX
+     chmod -t $HOME
+.EE
+
+when you are done!
+It's a good idea to test your new
+.B .qmail
+file as follows:
+
+.EX
+     qmail-local -n $USER $HOME $USER '' '' '' ''
+.EE
+.SH "EXTENSION ADDRESSES"
+In the
+.B qmail
+system,
+you control all local addresses of the form
+.IR user\fBBREAK\fIanything ,
+as well as the address
+.I user
+itself,
+where
+.I user
+is your account name.
+Delivery to
+.I user\fBBREAK\fIanything
+is controlled by the file
+.IR homedir/\fB.qmail\-\fIanything .
+(These rules may be changed by the system administrator;
+see
+.BR qmail-users (5).)
+
+The
+.B alias
+user controls all other addresses.
+Delivery to
+.I local
+is controlled by the file
+.IR homedir/\fB.qmail\-\fIlocal ,
+where
+.I homedir
+is
+.BR alias 's
+home directory.
+
+In the following description,
+.B qmail-local
+is handling a message addressed to
+.IR local@domain ,
+where
+.I local
+is controlled by
+.BR .qmail\-\fIext .
+Here is what it does.
+
+If
+.B .qmail\-\fIext
+is completely empty,
+.B qmail-local
+follows the
+.I aliasempty
+instructions set by your system administrator.
+
+If
+.B .qmail\-\fIext
+doesn't exist,
+.B qmail-local
+will try some default
+.B .qmail
+files.
+For example,
+if
+.I ext
+is
+.BR foo-bar ,
+.B qmail-local
+will try first
+.BR .qmail-foo-bar ,
+then
+.BR .qmail-foo-default ,
+and finally
+.BR .qmail-default .
+If none of these exist,
+.B qmail-local
+will bounce the message.
+(Exception: for the basic
+.I user
+address,
+.B qmail-local
+treats a nonexistent
+.B .qmail
+the same as an empty
+.BR .qmail .)
+
+.B WARNING:
+For security,
+.B qmail-local
+replaces any dots in
+.I ext
+with colons before checking
+.BR .qmail\-\fIext .
+For convenience,
+.B qmail-local
+converts any uppercase letters in
+.I ext
+to lowercase.
+
+When
+.B qmail-local
+forwards a message as instructed in
+.B .qmail\-\fIext
+(or
+.BR .qmail-default ),
+it checks whether
+.B .qmail\-\fIext\fB-owner\fP
+exists.
+If so,
+it uses
+.I local\fB-owner@\fIdomain
+as the envelope sender for the forwarded message.
+Otherwise it retains the envelope sender of the original message.
+Exception:
+.B qmail-local
+always retains the original envelope sender
+if it is the empty address or
+.BR #@[] ,
+i.e., if this is a bounce message.
+
+.B qmail-local
+also supports
+.B variable envelope return paths
+(VERPs):
+if
+.B .qmail\-\fIext\fB-owner\fP
+and
+.B .qmail\-\fIext\fB-owner-default\fP
+both exist, it uses
+.I local\fB\-owner\-@\fIdomain\fB-@[]
+as the envelope sender.
+This will cause a recipient
+.I recip\fB@\fIreciphost
+to see an envelope sender of
+.IR local\fB\-owner\-\fIrecip\fB=\fIreciphost\fB@\fIdomain .
+.SH "ERROR HANDLING"
+If a delivery instruction fails,
+.B qmail-local
+stops immediately and reports failure.
+.B qmail-local
+handles forwarding after all other instructions,
+so any error in another type of delivery will prevent all forwarding.
+
+If a program returns exit code 99,
+.B qmail-local
+ignores all succeeding lines in
+.BR .qmail ,
+but it still pays attention to previous forward lines.
+
+To set up independent instructions,
+where a temporary or permanent failure in one instruction
+does not affect the others,
+move each instruction into a separate
+.B .qmail\-\fIext
+file, and set up a central
+.B .qmail
+file that forwards to all of the
+.BR .qmail\-\fIext s.
+Note that
+.B qmail-local
+can handle any number of forward lines simultaneously.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+envelopes(5),
+maildir(5),
+mbox(5),
+qmail-users(5),
+qmail-local(8),
+qmail-command(8),
+qmail-queue(8),
+qmail-lspawn(8)
diff --git a/elq.sh b/elq.sh
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+QMAIL/bin/maildir2mbox && exec elm ${1+"$@"}
diff --git a/env.3 b/env.3
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+.TH env 3
+.SH NAME
+env \- manage the environment
+.SH SYNTAX
+.B #include <env.h>
+
+char **\fBenviron\fP;
+
+char *\fBenv_get\fP(\fIname\fR);
+.br
+char *\fBenv_pick\fP();
+
+char *\fIname\fR;
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The environment,
+.BR environ ,
+is a 0-terminated array of 0-terminated strings,
+called environment variables.
+Each environment variable is of the form
+.IR name\fB=\fIvalue .
+
+.B env_get
+returns the value of the first variable whose name is
+.IR name ,
+or 0 if there is no such variable.
+
+.B env_pick
+returns any variable in the environment,
+or 0 if the environment is empty.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+environ(7)
diff --git a/env.c b/env.c
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/* env.c, envread.c, env.h: environ library
+Daniel J. Bernstein, djb@silverton.berkeley.edu.
+Depends on str.h, alloc.h.
+Requires environ.
+19960113: rewrite. warning: interface is different.
+No known patent problems.
+*/
+
+#include "str.h"
+#include "alloc.h"
+#include "env.h"
+
+int env_isinit = 0; /* if env_isinit: */
+static int ea; /* environ is a pointer to ea+1 char*'s. */
+static int en; /* the first en of those are ALLOCATED. environ[en] is 0. */
+
+static void env_goodbye(i) int i;
+{
+ alloc_free(environ[i]);
+ environ[i] = environ[--en];
+ environ[en] = 0;
+}
+
+static char *null = 0;
+
+void env_clear()
+{
+ if (env_isinit) while (en) env_goodbye(0);
+ else environ = &null;
+}
+
+static void env_unsetlen(s,len) char *s; int len;
+{
+ int i;
+ for (i = en - 1;i >= 0;--i)
+   if (!str_diffn(s,environ[i],len))
+     if (environ[i][len] == '=')
+       env_goodbye(i);
+}
+
+int env_unset(s) char *s;
+{
+ if (!env_isinit) if (!env_init()) return 0;
+ env_unsetlen(s,str_len(s));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int env_add(s) char *s;
+{
+ char *t;
+ t = env_findeq(s);
+ if (t) env_unsetlen(s,t - s);
+ if (en == ea)
+  {
+   ea += 30;
+   if (!alloc_re(&environ,(en + 1) * sizeof(char *),(ea + 1) * sizeof(char *)))
+    { ea = en; return 0; }
+  }
+ environ[en++] = s;
+ environ[en] = 0;
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int env_put(s) char *s;
+{
+ char *u;
+ if (!env_isinit) if (!env_init()) return 0;
+ u = alloc(str_len(s) + 1);
+ if (!u) return 0;
+ str_copy(u,s);
+ if (!env_add(u)) { alloc_free(u); return 0; }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int env_put2(s,t) char *s; char *t;
+{
+ char *u;
+ int slen;
+ if (!env_isinit) if (!env_init()) return 0;
+ slen = str_len(s);
+ u = alloc(slen + str_len(t) + 2);
+ if (!u) return 0;
+ str_copy(u,s);
+ u[slen] = '=';
+ str_copy(u + slen + 1,t);
+ if (!env_add(u)) { alloc_free(u); return 0; }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int env_init()
+{
+ char **newenviron;
+ int i;
+ for (en = 0;environ[en];++en) ;
+ ea = en + 10;
+ newenviron = (char **) alloc((ea + 1) * sizeof(char *));
+ if (!newenviron) return 0;
+ for (en = 0;environ[en];++en)
+  {
+   newenviron[en] = alloc(str_len(environ[en]) + 1);
+   if (!newenviron[en])
+    {
+     for (i = 0;i < en;++i) alloc_free(newenviron[i]);
+     alloc_free(newenviron);
+     return 0;
+    }
+   str_copy(newenviron[en],environ[en]);
+  }
+ newenviron[en] = 0;
+ environ = newenviron;
+ env_isinit = 1;
+ return 1;
+}
diff --git a/env.h b/env.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#ifndef ENV_H
+#define ENV_H
+
+extern int env_isinit;
+
+extern int env_init();
+extern int env_put();
+extern int env_put2();
+extern int env_unset();
+extern /*@null@*/char *env_get();
+extern char *env_pick();
+extern void env_clear();
+extern char *env_findeq();
+
+extern char **environ;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/envelopes.5 b/envelopes.5
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+.TH envelopes 5
+.SH "NAME"
+envelopes \- sender/recipient lists attached to messages
+.SH "INTRODUCTION"
+Electronic mail messages are delivered in
+.IR envelopes .
+
+An envelope lists a
+.I sender
+and one or more
+.IR recipients .
+Usually these
+envelope addresses are the same
+as the addresses listed in the message header:
+
+.EX
+   (envelope) from djb to root
+.br
+   From: djb
+.br
+   To: root
+.EE
+
+In more complicated situations, though,
+the envelope addresses may differ from the header addresses.
+.SH "ENVELOPE EXAMPLES"
+When a message is delivered to
+several people at different locations,
+it is first photocopied
+and placed into several envelopes:
+
+.EX
+   (envelope) from djb to root
+.br
+   From: djb                          Copy #1 of message
+.br
+   To: root, god@brl.mil
+.EE
+
+.EX
+   (envelope) from djb to god@brl.mil
+.br
+   From: djb                          Copy #2 of message
+.br
+   To: root, god@brl.mil
+.EE
+
+When a message is delivered
+to several people at the same loca