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language.go (19340B)


      1 // Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
      2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
      3 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
      4 
      5 //go:generate go run gen.go -output tables.go
      6 
      7 package language
      8 
      9 // TODO: Remove above NOTE after:
     10 // - verifying that tables are dropped correctly (most notably matcher tables).
     11 
     12 import (
     13 	"strings"
     14 
     15 	"golang.org/x/text/internal/language"
     16 	"golang.org/x/text/internal/language/compact"
     17 )
     18 
     19 // Tag represents a BCP 47 language tag. It is used to specify an instance of a
     20 // specific language or locale. All language tag values are guaranteed to be
     21 // well-formed.
     22 type Tag compact.Tag
     23 
     24 func makeTag(t language.Tag) (tag Tag) {
     25 	return Tag(compact.Make(t))
     26 }
     27 
     28 func (t *Tag) tag() language.Tag {
     29 	return (*compact.Tag)(t).Tag()
     30 }
     31 
     32 func (t *Tag) isCompact() bool {
     33 	return (*compact.Tag)(t).IsCompact()
     34 }
     35 
     36 // TODO: improve performance.
     37 func (t *Tag) lang() language.Language { return t.tag().LangID }
     38 func (t *Tag) region() language.Region { return t.tag().RegionID }
     39 func (t *Tag) script() language.Script { return t.tag().ScriptID }
     40 
     41 // Make is a convenience wrapper for Parse that omits the error.
     42 // In case of an error, a sensible default is returned.
     43 func Make(s string) Tag {
     44 	return Default.Make(s)
     45 }
     46 
     47 // Make is a convenience wrapper for c.Parse that omits the error.
     48 // In case of an error, a sensible default is returned.
     49 func (c CanonType) Make(s string) Tag {
     50 	t, _ := c.Parse(s)
     51 	return t
     52 }
     53 
     54 // Raw returns the raw base language, script and region, without making an
     55 // attempt to infer their values.
     56 func (t Tag) Raw() (b Base, s Script, r Region) {
     57 	tt := t.tag()
     58 	return Base{tt.LangID}, Script{tt.ScriptID}, Region{tt.RegionID}
     59 }
     60 
     61 // IsRoot returns true if t is equal to language "und".
     62 func (t Tag) IsRoot() bool {
     63 	return compact.Tag(t).IsRoot()
     64 }
     65 
     66 // CanonType can be used to enable or disable various types of canonicalization.
     67 type CanonType int
     68 
     69 const (
     70 	// Replace deprecated base languages with their preferred replacements.
     71 	DeprecatedBase CanonType = 1 << iota
     72 	// Replace deprecated scripts with their preferred replacements.
     73 	DeprecatedScript
     74 	// Replace deprecated regions with their preferred replacements.
     75 	DeprecatedRegion
     76 	// Remove redundant scripts.
     77 	SuppressScript
     78 	// Normalize legacy encodings. This includes legacy languages defined in
     79 	// CLDR as well as bibliographic codes defined in ISO-639.
     80 	Legacy
     81 	// Map the dominant language of a macro language group to the macro language
     82 	// subtag. For example cmn -> zh.
     83 	Macro
     84 	// The CLDR flag should be used if full compatibility with CLDR is required.
     85 	// There are a few cases where language.Tag may differ from CLDR. To follow all
     86 	// of CLDR's suggestions, use All|CLDR.
     87 	CLDR
     88 
     89 	// Raw can be used to Compose or Parse without Canonicalization.
     90 	Raw CanonType = 0
     91 
     92 	// Replace all deprecated tags with their preferred replacements.
     93 	Deprecated = DeprecatedBase | DeprecatedScript | DeprecatedRegion
     94 
     95 	// All canonicalizations recommended by BCP 47.
     96 	BCP47 = Deprecated | SuppressScript
     97 
     98 	// All canonicalizations.
     99 	All = BCP47 | Legacy | Macro
    100 
    101 	// Default is the canonicalization used by Parse, Make and Compose. To
    102 	// preserve as much information as possible, canonicalizations that remove
    103 	// potentially valuable information are not included. The Matcher is
    104 	// designed to recognize similar tags that would be the same if
    105 	// they were canonicalized using All.
    106 	Default = Deprecated | Legacy
    107 
    108 	canonLang = DeprecatedBase | Legacy | Macro
    109 
    110 	// TODO: LikelyScript, LikelyRegion: suppress similar to ICU.
    111 )
    112 
    113 // canonicalize returns the canonicalized equivalent of the tag and
    114 // whether there was any change.
    115 func canonicalize(c CanonType, t language.Tag) (language.Tag, bool) {
    116 	if c == Raw {
    117 		return t, false
    118 	}
    119 	changed := false
    120 	if c&SuppressScript != 0 {
    121 		if t.LangID.SuppressScript() == t.ScriptID {
    122 			t.ScriptID = 0
    123 			changed = true
    124 		}
    125 	}
    126 	if c&canonLang != 0 {
    127 		for {
    128 			if l, aliasType := t.LangID.Canonicalize(); l != t.LangID {
    129 				switch aliasType {
    130 				case language.Legacy:
    131 					if c&Legacy != 0 {
    132 						if t.LangID == _sh && t.ScriptID == 0 {
    133 							t.ScriptID = _Latn
    134 						}
    135 						t.LangID = l
    136 						changed = true
    137 					}
    138 				case language.Macro:
    139 					if c&Macro != 0 {
    140 						// We deviate here from CLDR. The mapping "nb" -> "no"
    141 						// qualifies as a typical Macro language mapping.  However,
    142 						// for legacy reasons, CLDR maps "no", the macro language
    143 						// code for Norwegian, to the dominant variant "nb". This
    144 						// change is currently under consideration for CLDR as well.
    145 						// See https://unicode.org/cldr/trac/ticket/2698 and also
    146 						// https://unicode.org/cldr/trac/ticket/1790 for some of the
    147 						// practical implications. TODO: this check could be removed
    148 						// if CLDR adopts this change.
    149 						if c&CLDR == 0 || t.LangID != _nb {
    150 							changed = true
    151 							t.LangID = l
    152 						}
    153 					}
    154 				case language.Deprecated:
    155 					if c&DeprecatedBase != 0 {
    156 						if t.LangID == _mo && t.RegionID == 0 {
    157 							t.RegionID = _MD
    158 						}
    159 						t.LangID = l
    160 						changed = true
    161 						// Other canonicalization types may still apply.
    162 						continue
    163 					}
    164 				}
    165 			} else if c&Legacy != 0 && t.LangID == _no && c&CLDR != 0 {
    166 				t.LangID = _nb
    167 				changed = true
    168 			}
    169 			break
    170 		}
    171 	}
    172 	if c&DeprecatedScript != 0 {
    173 		if t.ScriptID == _Qaai {
    174 			changed = true
    175 			t.ScriptID = _Zinh
    176 		}
    177 	}
    178 	if c&DeprecatedRegion != 0 {
    179 		if r := t.RegionID.Canonicalize(); r != t.RegionID {
    180 			changed = true
    181 			t.RegionID = r
    182 		}
    183 	}
    184 	return t, changed
    185 }
    186 
    187 // Canonicalize returns the canonicalized equivalent of the tag.
    188 func (c CanonType) Canonicalize(t Tag) (Tag, error) {
    189 	// First try fast path.
    190 	if t.isCompact() {
    191 		if _, changed := canonicalize(c, compact.Tag(t).Tag()); !changed {
    192 			return t, nil
    193 		}
    194 	}
    195 	// It is unlikely that one will canonicalize a tag after matching. So do
    196 	// a slow but simple approach here.
    197 	if tag, changed := canonicalize(c, t.tag()); changed {
    198 		tag.RemakeString()
    199 		return makeTag(tag), nil
    200 	}
    201 	return t, nil
    202 
    203 }
    204 
    205 // Confidence indicates the level of certainty for a given return value.
    206 // For example, Serbian may be written in Cyrillic or Latin script.
    207 // The confidence level indicates whether a value was explicitly specified,
    208 // whether it is typically the only possible value, or whether there is
    209 // an ambiguity.
    210 type Confidence int
    211 
    212 const (
    213 	No    Confidence = iota // full confidence that there was no match
    214 	Low                     // most likely value picked out of a set of alternatives
    215 	High                    // value is generally assumed to be the correct match
    216 	Exact                   // exact match or explicitly specified value
    217 )
    218 
    219 var confName = []string{"No", "Low", "High", "Exact"}
    220 
    221 func (c Confidence) String() string {
    222 	return confName[c]
    223 }
    224 
    225 // String returns the canonical string representation of the language tag.
    226 func (t Tag) String() string {
    227 	return t.tag().String()
    228 }
    229 
    230 // MarshalText implements encoding.TextMarshaler.
    231 func (t Tag) MarshalText() (text []byte, err error) {
    232 	return t.tag().MarshalText()
    233 }
    234 
    235 // UnmarshalText implements encoding.TextUnmarshaler.
    236 func (t *Tag) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
    237 	var tag language.Tag
    238 	err := tag.UnmarshalText(text)
    239 	*t = makeTag(tag)
    240 	return err
    241 }
    242 
    243 // Base returns the base language of the language tag. If the base language is
    244 // unspecified, an attempt will be made to infer it from the context.
    245 // It uses a variant of CLDR's Add Likely Subtags algorithm. This is subject to change.
    246 func (t Tag) Base() (Base, Confidence) {
    247 	if b := t.lang(); b != 0 {
    248 		return Base{b}, Exact
    249 	}
    250 	tt := t.tag()
    251 	c := High
    252 	if tt.ScriptID == 0 && !tt.RegionID.IsCountry() {
    253 		c = Low
    254 	}
    255 	if tag, err := tt.Maximize(); err == nil && tag.LangID != 0 {
    256 		return Base{tag.LangID}, c
    257 	}
    258 	return Base{0}, No
    259 }
    260 
    261 // Script infers the script for the language tag. If it was not explicitly given, it will infer
    262 // a most likely candidate.
    263 // If more than one script is commonly used for a language, the most likely one
    264 // is returned with a low confidence indication. For example, it returns (Cyrl, Low)
    265 // for Serbian.
    266 // If a script cannot be inferred (Zzzz, No) is returned. We do not use Zyyy (undetermined)
    267 // as one would suspect from the IANA registry for BCP 47. In a Unicode context Zyyy marks
    268 // common characters (like 1, 2, 3, '.', etc.) and is therefore more like multiple scripts.
    269 // See https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr24/#Values for more details. Zzzz is also used for
    270 // unknown value in CLDR.  (Zzzz, Exact) is returned if Zzzz was explicitly specified.
    271 // Note that an inferred script is never guaranteed to be the correct one. Latin is
    272 // almost exclusively used for Afrikaans, but Arabic has been used for some texts
    273 // in the past.  Also, the script that is commonly used may change over time.
    274 // It uses a variant of CLDR's Add Likely Subtags algorithm. This is subject to change.
    275 func (t Tag) Script() (Script, Confidence) {
    276 	if scr := t.script(); scr != 0 {
    277 		return Script{scr}, Exact
    278 	}
    279 	tt := t.tag()
    280 	sc, c := language.Script(_Zzzz), No
    281 	if scr := tt.LangID.SuppressScript(); scr != 0 {
    282 		// Note: it is not always the case that a language with a suppress
    283 		// script value is only written in one script (e.g. kk, ms, pa).
    284 		if tt.RegionID == 0 {
    285 			return Script{scr}, High
    286 		}
    287 		sc, c = scr, High
    288 	}
    289 	if tag, err := tt.Maximize(); err == nil {
    290 		if tag.ScriptID != sc {
    291 			sc, c = tag.ScriptID, Low
    292 		}
    293 	} else {
    294 		tt, _ = canonicalize(Deprecated|Macro, tt)
    295 		if tag, err := tt.Maximize(); err == nil && tag.ScriptID != sc {
    296 			sc, c = tag.ScriptID, Low
    297 		}
    298 	}
    299 	return Script{sc}, c
    300 }
    301 
    302 // Region returns the region for the language tag. If it was not explicitly given, it will
    303 // infer a most likely candidate from the context.
    304 // It uses a variant of CLDR's Add Likely Subtags algorithm. This is subject to change.
    305 func (t Tag) Region() (Region, Confidence) {
    306 	if r := t.region(); r != 0 {
    307 		return Region{r}, Exact
    308 	}
    309 	tt := t.tag()
    310 	if tt, err := tt.Maximize(); err == nil {
    311 		return Region{tt.RegionID}, Low // TODO: differentiate between high and low.
    312 	}
    313 	tt, _ = canonicalize(Deprecated|Macro, tt)
    314 	if tag, err := tt.Maximize(); err == nil {
    315 		return Region{tag.RegionID}, Low
    316 	}
    317 	return Region{_ZZ}, No // TODO: return world instead of undetermined?
    318 }
    319 
    320 // Variants returns the variants specified explicitly for this language tag.
    321 // or nil if no variant was specified.
    322 func (t Tag) Variants() []Variant {
    323 	if !compact.Tag(t).MayHaveVariants() {
    324 		return nil
    325 	}
    326 	v := []Variant{}
    327 	x, str := "", t.tag().Variants()
    328 	for str != "" {
    329 		x, str = nextToken(str)
    330 		v = append(v, Variant{x})
    331 	}
    332 	return v
    333 }
    334 
    335 // Parent returns the CLDR parent of t. In CLDR, missing fields in data for a
    336 // specific language are substituted with fields from the parent language.
    337 // The parent for a language may change for newer versions of CLDR.
    338 //
    339 // Parent returns a tag for a less specific language that is mutually
    340 // intelligible or Und if there is no such language. This may not be the same as
    341 // simply stripping the last BCP 47 subtag. For instance, the parent of "zh-TW"
    342 // is "zh-Hant", and the parent of "zh-Hant" is "und".
    343 func (t Tag) Parent() Tag {
    344 	return Tag(compact.Tag(t).Parent())
    345 }
    346 
    347 // nextToken returns token t and the rest of the string.
    348 func nextToken(s string) (t, tail string) {
    349 	p := strings.Index(s[1:], "-")
    350 	if p == -1 {
    351 		return s[1:], ""
    352 	}
    353 	p++
    354 	return s[1:p], s[p:]
    355 }
    356 
    357 // Extension is a single BCP 47 extension.
    358 type Extension struct {
    359 	s string
    360 }
    361 
    362 // String returns the string representation of the extension, including the
    363 // type tag.
    364 func (e Extension) String() string {
    365 	return e.s
    366 }
    367 
    368 // ParseExtension parses s as an extension and returns it on success.
    369 func ParseExtension(s string) (e Extension, err error) {
    370 	ext, err := language.ParseExtension(s)
    371 	return Extension{ext}, err
    372 }
    373 
    374 // Type returns the one-byte extension type of e. It returns 0 for the zero
    375 // exception.
    376 func (e Extension) Type() byte {
    377 	if e.s == "" {
    378 		return 0
    379 	}
    380 	return e.s[0]
    381 }
    382 
    383 // Tokens returns the list of tokens of e.
    384 func (e Extension) Tokens() []string {
    385 	return strings.Split(e.s, "-")
    386 }
    387 
    388 // Extension returns the extension of type x for tag t. It will return
    389 // false for ok if t does not have the requested extension. The returned
    390 // extension will be invalid in this case.
    391 func (t Tag) Extension(x byte) (ext Extension, ok bool) {
    392 	if !compact.Tag(t).MayHaveExtensions() {
    393 		return Extension{}, false
    394 	}
    395 	e, ok := t.tag().Extension(x)
    396 	return Extension{e}, ok
    397 }
    398 
    399 // Extensions returns all extensions of t.
    400 func (t Tag) Extensions() []Extension {
    401 	if !compact.Tag(t).MayHaveExtensions() {
    402 		return nil
    403 	}
    404 	e := []Extension{}
    405 	for _, ext := range t.tag().Extensions() {
    406 		e = append(e, Extension{ext})
    407 	}
    408 	return e
    409 }
    410 
    411 // TypeForKey returns the type associated with the given key, where key and type
    412 // are of the allowed values defined for the Unicode locale extension ('u') in
    413 // https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Unicode_Language_and_Locale_Identifiers.
    414 // TypeForKey will traverse the inheritance chain to get the correct value.
    415 //
    416 // If there are multiple types associated with a key, only the first will be
    417 // returned. If there is no type associated with a key, it returns the empty
    418 // string.
    419 func (t Tag) TypeForKey(key string) string {
    420 	if !compact.Tag(t).MayHaveExtensions() {
    421 		if key != "rg" && key != "va" {
    422 			return ""
    423 		}
    424 	}
    425 	return t.tag().TypeForKey(key)
    426 }
    427 
    428 // SetTypeForKey returns a new Tag with the key set to type, where key and type
    429 // are of the allowed values defined for the Unicode locale extension ('u') in
    430 // https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Unicode_Language_and_Locale_Identifiers.
    431 // An empty value removes an existing pair with the same key.
    432 func (t Tag) SetTypeForKey(key, value string) (Tag, error) {
    433 	tt, err := t.tag().SetTypeForKey(key, value)
    434 	return makeTag(tt), err
    435 }
    436 
    437 // NumCompactTags is the number of compact tags. The maximum tag is
    438 // NumCompactTags-1.
    439 const NumCompactTags = compact.NumCompactTags
    440 
    441 // CompactIndex returns an index, where 0 <= index < NumCompactTags, for tags
    442 // for which data exists in the text repository.The index will change over time
    443 // and should not be stored in persistent storage. If t does not match a compact
    444 // index, exact will be false and the compact index will be returned for the
    445 // first match after repeatedly taking the Parent of t.
    446 func CompactIndex(t Tag) (index int, exact bool) {
    447 	id, exact := compact.LanguageID(compact.Tag(t))
    448 	return int(id), exact
    449 }
    450 
    451 var root = language.Tag{}
    452 
    453 // Base is an ISO 639 language code, used for encoding the base language
    454 // of a language tag.
    455 type Base struct {
    456 	langID language.Language
    457 }
    458 
    459 // ParseBase parses a 2- or 3-letter ISO 639 code.
    460 // It returns a ValueError if s is a well-formed but unknown language identifier
    461 // or another error if another error occurred.
    462 func ParseBase(s string) (Base, error) {
    463 	l, err := language.ParseBase(s)
    464 	return Base{l}, err
    465 }
    466 
    467 // String returns the BCP 47 representation of the base language.
    468 func (b Base) String() string {
    469 	return b.langID.String()
    470 }
    471 
    472 // ISO3 returns the ISO 639-3 language code.
    473 func (b Base) ISO3() string {
    474 	return b.langID.ISO3()
    475 }
    476 
    477 // IsPrivateUse reports whether this language code is reserved for private use.
    478 func (b Base) IsPrivateUse() bool {
    479 	return b.langID.IsPrivateUse()
    480 }
    481 
    482 // Script is a 4-letter ISO 15924 code for representing scripts.
    483 // It is idiomatically represented in title case.
    484 type Script struct {
    485 	scriptID language.Script
    486 }
    487 
    488 // ParseScript parses a 4-letter ISO 15924 code.
    489 // It returns a ValueError if s is a well-formed but unknown script identifier
    490 // or another error if another error occurred.
    491 func ParseScript(s string) (Script, error) {
    492 	sc, err := language.ParseScript(s)
    493 	return Script{sc}, err
    494 }
    495 
    496 // String returns the script code in title case.
    497 // It returns "Zzzz" for an unspecified script.
    498 func (s Script) String() string {
    499 	return s.scriptID.String()
    500 }
    501 
    502 // IsPrivateUse reports whether this script code is reserved for private use.
    503 func (s Script) IsPrivateUse() bool {
    504 	return s.scriptID.IsPrivateUse()
    505 }
    506 
    507 // Region is an ISO 3166-1 or UN M.49 code for representing countries and regions.
    508 type Region struct {
    509 	regionID language.Region
    510 }
    511 
    512 // EncodeM49 returns the Region for the given UN M.49 code.
    513 // It returns an error if r is not a valid code.
    514 func EncodeM49(r int) (Region, error) {
    515 	rid, err := language.EncodeM49(r)
    516 	return Region{rid}, err
    517 }
    518 
    519 // ParseRegion parses a 2- or 3-letter ISO 3166-1 or a UN M.49 code.
    520 // It returns a ValueError if s is a well-formed but unknown region identifier
    521 // or another error if another error occurred.
    522 func ParseRegion(s string) (Region, error) {
    523 	r, err := language.ParseRegion(s)
    524 	return Region{r}, err
    525 }
    526 
    527 // String returns the BCP 47 representation for the region.
    528 // It returns "ZZ" for an unspecified region.
    529 func (r Region) String() string {
    530 	return r.regionID.String()
    531 }
    532 
    533 // ISO3 returns the 3-letter ISO code of r.
    534 // Note that not all regions have a 3-letter ISO code.
    535 // In such cases this method returns "ZZZ".
    536 func (r Region) ISO3() string {
    537 	return r.regionID.ISO3()
    538 }
    539 
    540 // M49 returns the UN M.49 encoding of r, or 0 if this encoding
    541 // is not defined for r.
    542 func (r Region) M49() int {
    543 	return r.regionID.M49()
    544 }
    545 
    546 // IsPrivateUse reports whether r has the ISO 3166 User-assigned status. This
    547 // may include private-use tags that are assigned by CLDR and used in this
    548 // implementation. So IsPrivateUse and IsCountry can be simultaneously true.
    549 func (r Region) IsPrivateUse() bool {
    550 	return r.regionID.IsPrivateUse()
    551 }
    552 
    553 // IsCountry returns whether this region is a country or autonomous area. This
    554 // includes non-standard definitions from CLDR.
    555 func (r Region) IsCountry() bool {
    556 	return r.regionID.IsCountry()
    557 }
    558 
    559 // IsGroup returns whether this region defines a collection of regions. This
    560 // includes non-standard definitions from CLDR.
    561 func (r Region) IsGroup() bool {
    562 	return r.regionID.IsGroup()
    563 }
    564 
    565 // Contains returns whether Region c is contained by Region r. It returns true
    566 // if c == r.
    567 func (r Region) Contains(c Region) bool {
    568 	return r.regionID.Contains(c.regionID)
    569 }
    570 
    571 // TLD returns the country code top-level domain (ccTLD). UK is returned for GB.
    572 // In all other cases it returns either the region itself or an error.
    573 //
    574 // This method may return an error for a region for which there exists a
    575 // canonical form with a ccTLD. To get that ccTLD canonicalize r first. The
    576 // region will already be canonicalized it was obtained from a Tag that was
    577 // obtained using any of the default methods.
    578 func (r Region) TLD() (Region, error) {
    579 	tld, err := r.regionID.TLD()
    580 	return Region{tld}, err
    581 }
    582 
    583 // Canonicalize returns the region or a possible replacement if the region is
    584 // deprecated. It will not return a replacement for deprecated regions that
    585 // are split into multiple regions.
    586 func (r Region) Canonicalize() Region {
    587 	return Region{r.regionID.Canonicalize()}
    588 }
    589 
    590 // Variant represents a registered variant of a language as defined by BCP 47.
    591 type Variant struct {
    592 	variant string
    593 }
    594 
    595 // ParseVariant parses and returns a Variant. An error is returned if s is not
    596 // a valid variant.
    597 func ParseVariant(s string) (Variant, error) {
    598 	v, err := language.ParseVariant(s)
    599 	return Variant{v.String()}, err
    600 }
    601 
    602 // String returns the string representation of the variant.
    603 func (v Variant) String() string {
    604 	return v.variant
    605 }